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giben  fap  tis  iausttcr 

iWarp  ILilp  l^cnan  Jf lagler 


DEVOTED  TO  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  SOUTH 


THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

NORTH  CAROLINA 

AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


ENDOWED  BY  THE 
DIALECTIC  AND  PHILANTHROPIC 
SOCIETIES         _., 


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V.  2 


UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


00022903583 


This  book  is  due  at  the  LOUIS  R.  WILSON  LIBRARY  on  the 
last  date  stamped  under  "Date  Due."  If  not  on  hold  it  may  be 
renewed  by  bringing  it  to  the  library. 

DATE                     PPT- 
DUE                       ^^^ 

DATE 

DUE                       ***^'- 

f 

.  r -.  ■        -             ■...,.. 

!  f 

A 

DPT  / 

',    2  LUOD 

9  8  mb 

pf<?5W»»«'~ 

Form  No.  513 

3 


OFFICIAL  LETTER  BOOKS 


OF 

W.  C  C  CLAIBORNE 

1801-1816 


EDITED   BY 

DUNBAR  ROWLAND,   B.  S.,  LL.  B.,  LL.  D. 

Director  Mississippi  Department  of  Archives  and  History,  Secretary 

Mississippi  Historical  Society,  Member  American 

Historical  Association 


VOLUME  IL 


JACKSON,  MISSISSIPPI 
Printed  for  the  State  Department  of  Archives  and  History 

1917 


Democrat    Printing   Company.   Madison,    Wisconsin 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE 
1804-1806 


To  Mayor  Bore 

c,'  New  Orleans  March  1st  1804 

Jbir, 

Through  the  representations  of  the  Municipality,  I 
am  made  acquainted  with  the  complaints  of  the  people 
against  the  fees  allowed  to  the  officers  of  the  Court  of 
Common  pleas  in  this  City,  and  the  jurisdiction  of  Said 
Court  in  certain  cases. 

The  inconveniences  remonstrated  against,  I  had  pre- 
vious to  the  receipt  of  your  Letter,  in  part  remedied,  by 
increasing  the  powers  of  a  single  Magistrate,  and  giving 
him  cognizance  of  all  demands  under  one  hundred  dol- 
lars. 

With  respect  to  the  fees  of  the  Officers,  the  subject 
shall  be  enquired  into,  and  such  decree  made,  as  shall  ap- 
pear to  me  best  suited  to  the  General  interest  of  my  fel- 
low Citizens. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  high  con- 
sideration. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
The  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans 


Trading  House  License 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Mississippi 
Territory,  exercising  the  powers   of   Governor   General 
And  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana 


^  II— 1 

r- 


2  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  all  whom  these  presents  shall  come ! 

Know  ye,  that  Bartholomew  Shamnberg  has  permis- 
sion to  establish  a  Trading  House,  at  each  of  the  posts 
of  Natchitoches  and  Ouchitaches,  for  the  purposes  of 
carrying  on  trade  with  such  of  the  neighboring  Indians 
as  rnay  choose  to  visit  those  posts. 

This  License  is  to  continue  in  force,  during  the  pleas- 
ure of  the  Governor  for  the  time  being,  or  until  Congress 
shall  make  provision  for  regulating  trade  and  inter- 
course with  the  Indian  Tribes  West  of  the  Mississippi 
Biver. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  the  administra- 
tion at  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  the  1st  day  of  March 
1804,  and  in  the  28th  year  of  the  Independence  of  the 
United  States  of  America. 

(S.  L.)  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

By  the  Governor 
Thos.  H.  Williams 
P.  Sec. 


To  Beverly  Chew 

New  Orleans  March  2nd  1804 
Sir, 

You  will  perceive  by  the  enclosed  Statement  that  a 
certain  Joseph  Perr3^,  a  Seaman,  complains  of  being  im- 
prisoned by  his  Captain  without  just  cause — you  will  be 
pleased  in  your  judicial  capacity  to  enquire  into  the  cir- 
cumstances of  this  case,  and  take  such  measures  as  jus- 
tice may  demand ! 

I  am  Respectfully  your  obdt.  St. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Beverly  Chew  Esqr. 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  i 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  6 

Dr.  Watkins'  Report. — 
Sir, 

In  conformity  to  your  Letter  of  the  9th  Instant 
whereby  I  was  directed  to  proceed  with  all  convenient 
dispatch  to  the  different  parishes  or  districts  above  the 
City  &c,  for  the  purpose  of  making  suitable  appoint- 
ments of  Commandants  for  the  same,  I  have  the  Honour 
of  making  to  you  the  following  report  !^ 

In  the  Parish  of  St.  Charles  or  the  District  of  the 
first  German  Coast,  which  begins  about  seven  leagues 
above  Town,  I  found  that  the  former  Commandant  Mr. 
St.  Amand  had  already  received  his  Commission,  and  in- 
structions directly  from  your  Excellency,  and  was  actu- 
ally engaged  in  the  different  functions  of  his  office.  He 
had  no  hesitation  in  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the 
United  States,  or  that  of  his  office,  and  having  communi- 
cated to  him  the  substance  of  your  Excellency's  instruc- 
tions, and  received  assurances  on  his  part  of  the  good 
disposition  of  the  inhabitants  of  his  district,  towards  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  I  proceeded  without 
delay  to  the  Parish  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  or  the  Dis- 
trict of  the  second  German  coast. 

Here  I  presented  to  Mr.  Manuel  Andry  the  former 
commandant  your  letter  re-appointing  him  to  the  same 
Office.  He  expressed  great  satisfaction  in  this  proof  of 
the  confidence  reposed  in  him  by  your  Excellency,  re- 
joiced at  the  annexation  of  these  Countries  to  the  Domin- 
ion of  the  United  States,  and  begged  me  to  assure  you 
that  he  entered  with  pleasure  into  the  necessary  obliga- 
tions of  his  Office,  and  that  nothing  on  his  part  should  be 
Avanting  to  promote  the  happiness  and  prosperity  of  the 
Country,  by  a  cheerful  Co-operation  in  all  the  measures 

^  Claiborne's  confidential  agent. 

^An:  intelligent,  interesting  report  of  opinion  and  political  and  eco- 
nomic conditions  in  the  districts. 


4  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

which  the  wisdom  of  its  rulers  might  think  proper  to 
adopt.  At  the  termination  of  this  District,  begins  the 
Acadian  Coast  and  the  Parish  of  St.  James  of  which  Mr. 
Cantrell  was,  and  has  by  reappointment  been  continued 
Commandant.  He  has  Exercised  the  duties  of  this  of- 
fice for  28  years,  to  the  general  satisfaction  of  all  the  in- 
habitants. He  is  a  wealthy  and  very  respectable  Planter, 
a  Man  of  good  sense  and  great  uprightness  of  conduct, 
possessing  popular  manners,  and  the  Universal  esteem 
and  confidence  of  his  district.  He  does  not  however 
speak  engiish,  and  requested  me  to  offer  this  as  an  apol- 
ogy for  his  not  having  answered  your  Letter  of  the  14th 
Ultimo.  This  however  he  proposes  shortly  to  do,  and 
begs  3^ou  in  the  mean  time  to  be  assured  of  his  best  exer- 
tions in  the  support  of  the  American  Government,  and  in 
the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his  civil  administration. 

The  next  Parish  in  ascending  the  river  is  that  of  La 
fourche  de  Chatimachur.  This  District  was  formerly 
governed  by  Mr.  Croquer,  an  officer  attached  to  the 
Spanish  Service,  who  in  consequence  of  this  circum- 
stance was  obliged  though  very  reluctantly,  to  decline  ac- 
cepting a  re-appointment.  In  choosing  his  successor  as 
well  as  in  the  other  appointments,  I  had  occasion  to 
make,  I  kept  constantly  in  view  the  instructions  of  your 
Excellency.  After  having  made  myself  personally  ac- 
quainted with  many  of  the  principal  characters  of  the 
Parish,  and  consulted  a  great  number  of  the  inhabitants, 
I  commissioned  in  the  place  of  Mr.  Croquer,  Mr.  Joseph 
L'Andry,  a  wealthy  farmer  and  the  person  who  had  al- 
ways acted  as  Commandant  Per  interim  during  the  ab- 
sence of  Mr.  Croquer. 

This  Gentleman  altho  born  in  Acadia,  has  resided 
many  years  in  Louisiana,  speaks  the  English  and  French 
Languages,  professes  strong  attachment  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  and  possesses  the  unlimited 
confidence  and  affections  of  all  the  inhabitants  of  the 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF  W.   C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  0 

District  in  which  he  lives.  He  begged  me  to  assure  you 
of  his  zeal,  and  best  exertions  in  discharging  the  duties 
of  his  office,  and  of  his  desire  to  prepare  his  fellow  Cit- 
izens for  the  reception  of  the  inestimable  blessings  they 
were  entitled  to  expect,  from  the  wise  and  just  opera- 
tions of  the  American  Grovernment  in  this  Country.  The 
District  of  Valenzulla  dans  la  fourche  is  composed  of  all 
that  Country  situated  upon  each  side  of  the  Fork  from 
its  going  out  of  the  Mississippi  to  its  entrance  into  the 
Gulph.  It  is  in  length  upwards  of  fifty  leagues,  forty 
five  of  which  are  inhabited.  The  former  Commandant 
of  this  District  Mr.  Villaneuva  anxious  to  remain  in  of- 
fice, and  uniting  from  the  best  information  I  could  col- 
lect, an  attachment  to  the  American  Government  to  the 
esteem  and  confidence  of  the  inhabitants,  was  agreeabl}^ 
to  your  instructions  re-appointed.  It  is  proper  that  I 
should  here  stop  in  my  narrative  to  communicate  to  you, 
a  piece  of  information  as  coming  from  Mr.  Villaneuva 
highly  important  to  the  Political  as  well  as  the  Social 
and  Moral  interests  of  the  Government  and  inhabitants 
of  the  Country.  Some  few  weeks  ago,  during  the  ab- 
sence of  Mr.  Villaneuva,  there  passed  up  the  Fork  from 
Sea,  a  Vessel  having  on  Board  twelve  Negroes  said  to 
have  been  Brigands  from  the  Island  of  St.  Domingo. 
These  Negroes  in  their  passage  up,  were  frequently  on 
shore,  and  in  the  French  Language  made  use  of  many 
insulting  and  menacing  expressions  to  the  inhabitants. 
Among  other  things  they  Spoke  of  eating  human  flesh, 
and  in  general,  demonstrated  great  Savageness  of  Char- 
acter, boasting  of  what  they  had  been  and  done  in  the 
horrors  of  St.  Domingo.  It  would  appear  that  this  Ves- 
sel was  either  Commanded  by,  or  the  Slaves  on  Board 
under  the  immediate  directions  of,  one  Mercier  a  lame 
Man,  who  keeps  a  Billiard  Table  at  Mr.  Languedocks 
upon  the  Levee  in  this  Town.  The  Vessel  ^dth  the  whole 
of  the  Slaves  on  Board  passed  from  the  Fork  into  the 


6  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Mississippi,  and  pursued  their  route  up  the  River,  since 
which  time  no  accounts  have  been  heard  of  them.  Mr. 
Villaneuva  proposes  in  a  short  time  to  transmit  to  your 
Excellency  all  the  information  he  may  be  able  to  collect 
upon  this  Subject,  but  in  the  mean  time  he  relies  upon 
me  for  giving  you  this  early  notice,  and  expresses  his 
wish  that  your  Excellency  would  take  such  measures 
relative  thereto  as  the  importance  of  the  case  may  re- 
quire. 

The  District  next  to  that  of  La  fourche  and  extend- 
ing up  one  side  of  the  Mississippi  as  high  as  Plaque- 
mines and  on  the  other  side  of  the  Bayou  Iberville  was 
formerly  commanded  by  Mr.  Rivas  an  officer  in  the 
Spanish  Service.  In  the  place  of  this  Gentlemen,  I  have 
appointed  Mr.  Nicholas  Rousseau,  who  has  resided  up- 
wards of  twenty  years  in  the  Country,  speaks  the  Eng- 
lish and  French  Languages,  and  possesses  with  the  Es- 
teem of  his  Neighbors,  the  reputation  of  an  Honest  intel- 
ligent Man.  In  justice  to  Mr.  Rivas  I  cannot  help  ob- 
serving, that  he  expressed  in  the  strongest  terms  his  re- 
gret at  not  being  able  to  continue  in  Office,  and  begged 
me  to  assure  you  that  the  American  Government  might 
calculate  upon  his  cordial  support,  and  as  it  was  his  in- 
tention shortly  to  Avithdraw  from  the  Spanish  Service,  he 
would  then,  and  even  in  the  meantime  as  far  as  it  was  in 
his  power,  and  consistent  with  his  situation,  offer  his 
services  to  the  Government  and  do  every  thing  to  assist 
his  successor  which  might  be  required  of  him. 

From  Plaquemines  to  Taupe  Riviere  a  distance  of 
about  12  Leagues  was  formerly  attached  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  consequently  on  my  ar- 
rival found  destitute  of  any  Commandant.  In  this  place, 
which  I  have  called  the  District  opposite  to  Baton  Rouge, 
I  have  appointed  Mr.  William  Wikoff  a  Gentleman  well 
known  to  your  Excellency,  a  native  of  the  United  States 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  7 

and  remarkable  for  his  attacliment  to  the  Government. 
In  this  District,  it  may  be  necessary  for  your  Excellency 
to  take  some  particular  arrangements,  relative  to  the  Ar- 
chives and  Public  Documents  from  the  circumstances  of 
their  all  being  lodged  in  the  possession  of  the  Spanish 
Governor  of  Baton  Rouge. 

Galvis-Town  is  situated  about  ten  Leagues  from  Baton 
Rouge  upon  the  River  Ibberville,  a  little  below  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Amite.  There  are  but  a  few  inhabitants  in 
this  place,  and  notwithstanding  its  beautiful  and  advan- 
tageous situation  there  are  but  about  28  families  in  the 
whole  of  that  part  of  the  District  which  remains  to  the 
United  States,  and  not  above  25  or  30  Slaves.  There  is 
here  a  small  Fort,  with  a  few  pieces  of  bad  Cannon  and 
12  Spanish  Soldiers,  which  are  Commanded  by  Don 
Thomas  Esteven,  an  Officer  in  the  Service  of  his  Catholic 
Majesty.  This  gentleman  has  solicited  his  retreat,  and 
Sincerely  laments  that  its  not  having  arrived,  prevents 
him  from  inmiediately  becoming  an  American  Citizen, 
and  consequently  from  continuing  in  the  Command  he 
has  hitherto  occupied.  Should  this  event  take  place  dur- 
ing your  administration  permit  me  Sir  to  reconunend 
this  Worthy  Man  to  your  notice  and  protection.  The  uni- 
versal affections  of  a  whole  District,  is  the  recompense 
of  his  past  Services,  and  his  integrity  and  goodness  of 
character,  will  secure  him  your  favour  and  patronage. 
In  place  of  Mr.  Esteven  I  was  compelled  for  the  want  of 
a  greater  variety  of  Character,  to  appoint  Mr.  Alexander 
Morie  Civil  Commandant  of  this  District.  He  is  b}'  birth 
a  Scotchman,  has  passed  twenty  years  in  the  Country,  is 
a  Man  of  good  Sense  and  incorruptible  honesty,  but  un- 
fortunately a  great  Drunkard.  He  speaks  the  two  lan- 
guages, and  I  believe  him  serious  when  he  declares  his 
attachment  to  the  American  principles  and  Government. 
As  it  may  be  necessary  to  Send  a  Military  Conunandant 
to  this  Post,  your  Excellency  can  take  such  measures  as 


8  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

will  better  secure  its  good  Government,  seeing  that  there 
is  no  person  there  at  present  in  whom  much  trust  or  con- 
fidence can  be  placed.  The  inhabitants  of  the  Country  in 
general,  Speak  engiish,  the  Balance  who  reside  in  the 
Town  are  chiefly  Spaniards  poor  and  very  miserable.  In 
the  choice  of  Conmiandants  as  Avell  those  who  have 
been  reappointed,  as  those  Avho  have  been  created  anew, 
I  have  paid  strict  attention  to  the  instructions  of  your 
Excellency  in  endeavouring  to  unite  integrity  of  Charac- 
ter and  the  public  Confidence,  to  the  Principles  and  feel- 
ings of  American  Citizens.  In  my  conversations  with 
them,  I  endeavoured  to  impress  upon  their  minds  high 
and  honourable  ideas  of  the  American  Government,  the 
importance  of  their  o^^ti  situations,  and  the  absolute  nec- 
essity of  their  administering  Strict,  prompt  and  impar- 
tial Justice.  In  my  Communications  with  the  people 
generally,  I  had  no  difficulty  in  convincing  them,  that 
under  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  their  liberty, 
property  and  religion  would  be  protected,  and  that  not- 
withstanding whatever  might  be  insinuated  to  the  Con- 
trary, their  political  destiny  Avas  now  permanently  set- 
tled, and  that  the  Province  of  Louisiana  would  never  re- 
vert again,  either  to  France  or  Spain  or  be  detached  from 
the  United  States.  This  information  was  in  general  re- 
ceived with  pleasure,  and  although  there  are  some  few 
characters  who  from  habit  or  motives  of  particular  in- 
terest or  prejudice,  would  prefer  the  Spanish  and  others 
the  French  Government,  yet  I  am  fully  persuaded  that  a 
large  majority  of  the  most  respectable  people  of  the 
Country,  are  better  satisfied  with  their  present  situations, 
and  sincerely  rejoice  at  their  adoption  into  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States.  They  are  prepared  for  a 
change  and  wait  mth  impatience  for  the  introduction  and 
operation  of  a  more  wholesome  and  vigorous  system  of 
Laws,  than  they  have  for  many  years  past  been  accus- 
tomed to.    During  the  loose  and  irregular  Government  of 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  9 

Spain,  public  Spirit  sunk  into  Selfishness,  the  interests 
of  the  State  were  sacrificed  to  personal  aggrandizement, 
the. Laws  were  trodden  under  foot,  crimes  left  unpunish- 
ed, or  punished  too  severely,  all  was  disorder  and  con- 
fusion. It  will  therefore  be  necessary  for  you  to  instruct 
the  different  Commandants  to  recall  the  inhabitants  to 
an  obedience  of  the  Laws,  by  punishing  the  guilty  and 
protecting  and  encouraging  the  innocent  and  praise- 
worthy. 

The  roads  and  bridges  are  neglected,  and  the  Levee  in 
many  places  out  of  repair ;  the  proprietors  of  Lands  are 
with  difficulty  brought  to  labors  of  this  kind.  The  regu- 
lations of  the  Country  relative  to  these  Subjects  have 
been  so  long  neglected,  that  they  require  to  be  renewed  to 
be  believed  or  obeyed.  The  negroes  are  in  a  shameful 
state  of  Idleness,  and  want  of  subordination.  They  are 
suffered  to  wander  about  at  night  without  passports, 
stealing,  drinking  and  rioting  where  ever  they  go  to  the 
great  prejudice  of  their  owners,  and  all  honest  members 
of  Society.  Taverns  are  every  where  opened,  without 
proper  Licenses,  and  ardent  Spirits  indiscriminately 
Sold  to  every  description  of  persons  to  the  injury  of  the 
Public  revenue,  and  the  great  incouragement  of  vice  and 
immorality.  Some  regulations  upon  these  Subjects,  or- 
iginating with  your  excellency,  and  passing  with  your 
sanction  through  the  different  Conmiandants  to  the  peo- 
ple, would  I  am  persuaded  have  a  good  effect.  The  na- 
tives of  this  Country  are  naturally  docile,  and  easily 
governed,  and  from  habit  are  disposed  to  respect  and 
obey  their  chief.  It  is  proper  that  I  should  here  mention 
to  you,  a  species  of  grievance  among  the  farmers  that  is 
highly  injurious  to  them,  and  becoming  a  serious  evil  to 
the  Country  at  large.  There  are  a  number  of  persons 
called  Gabateurs,  in  French,  Who  buy  up  in  Town  a 
quantity  of  Taffia,  Sugar  &  Coffee,  but  chiefly  of  the  first 
of  these  articles,  and  in  a  canoe  or  other  small  craft,  they 


10  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

ascend  the  river  as  far  as  the  upper  Settlements,  for  the 
purpose  of  Trading  with  the  negroes  for  stolen  goods. 
They  lie  by  in  the  course  of  the  day,  and  as  soon  as  night 
comes  on,  they  go  into  the  different  huts  or  cabbins,  or  re- 
ceive the  negroes  on  Board  their  craft,  and  purchase  of 
them  for  Taffia,  all  the  clothes,  plate,  fowls  or  other 
things,  which  they  may  have  stolen  from  their  masters, 
or  other  persons.  Having  sold  off  their  cargo,  these  Gab- 
ateurs  return  to  Town  with  their  stolen  goods  which  are 
converted  into  money,  for  the  purpose  of  recommencing 
this  nefarious  traffic.  The  Baron  De  Carondelet  by  some 
strict  measures  of  police,  had  broken  up  this  miserable 
Pedlary,  but  since  his  time,  the  evil  has  returned  with 
renovated  force,  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  river,  those 
of  the  fork,  and  those  of  the  Bayou  of  Ibberville,  pray 
your  Excellency  to  take  this  subject  into  consideration, 
and  use  your  endeavours  to  suppress  the  Evil. 

No  Subject  seems  to  be  so  interesting  to  the  minds  of 
the  inhabitants  of  all  that  part  of  the  Country,  which  I 
have  visited  as  that  of  the  importation  of  brute  Negroes 
from  Africa.  This  permission  would  go  farther  with 
them,  and  better  reconcile  them  to  the  Government  of  the 
United  States,  than  any  other  privilege  that  could  be  ex- 
tended to  the  Country.  They  appear  only  to  claim  it  for 
a  few  years,  and  without  it,  they  pretend  that  they  must 
abandon  the  culture  both  of  Sugar  and  Cotton.  White  la- 
borers they  say,  cannot  be  had  in  this  unhealthy  climate, 
and  they  would  in  vain  enjoy  the  blessings  of  a  rich  soil, 
and  a  valuable  cultivation,  even  under  the  happy  Govern- 
ment of  America,  deprived  of  this  necessary  resource  in 
their  Labours.'  It  is  from  this  Subject  that  they  are 
naturally  carried  to  speak  of  the  form  of  this  local  and 

^  On  account  of  being  immune  to  malaria  the  negro  was  regarded 
in  the  South  as  the  best  labor  for  opening  up  new  low  lands  for  cultiva- 
tion.   It  is  a  common  opinion  to-day. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         11 

temporary  Government.  They  wish  to  be  allowed  a  Mem- 
ber upon  the  floor  of  Congress,  to  represent  their  true 
interests  and  situation.  Sometimes  they  desire  to  enter 
immediately  into  all  the  benefits  and  advantages  of  a 
State  Government,  but  they  generally  stop  short  at  the 
difficulties  of  popular  representation,  in  their  present 
State  of  Political  knowledge.  The  Expenses  of  public 
Buildings,  Court  houses,  prisons  &c  the  increase  of  taxes, 
the  acrimony  of  elections.  Courts  of  Justice,  Juries, 
pleadings  of  Law  and  LaAvyers,  with  the  difficulties  of 
Language,  have  made  most  of  the  Sensible  reflecting  peo- 
ple, fall  into  the  opinion  that  a  Government  of  Command- 
ants (at  any  rate  for  the  Country)  is  best  adapted  to 
their  present  situations.  These  Commandants  must  be 
just  and  enlightened  men,  who  by  degrees  will  introduce 
the  American  laws  and  usages,  and  gradually  bring  the 
people  acquainted  with  representation  and  the  true  prin- 
ciples and  advantages  of  the  Federal  Constitution.  In 
the  mean  time.  Schools  of  Learning  will  be  established, 
the  English  Language  encouraged,  and  the  population  of 
the  Country  keeping  pace  with  its  advancement  in  politi- 
cal Science,  the  inhabitants  will  in  a  few  years  ze  pre- 
pared to  become  in  reality  American  Citizens,  and  ca- 
pable of  participating  in  the  advantages  which  must  in- 
evitably flow  from  that  enviable  situation. 

All  the  commandants  complain  of  the  difficulty  and 
almost  impossibility  of  finding  persons  to  act  as  con- 
stables. The  inhabitants  are  unwilling  to  leave  their 
farms  and  neglect  their  crops  for  a  service  so  disagree- 
able in  its  nature,  and  productive  of  so  little  profit. 

They  wish  to  know  of  your  Excellency  whether  it  is 
not  possible  to  allow  them  an  ordinancia  as  they  call  it,  to 
perform  this  duty,  who  shall  be  allowed  a  regular  Salary 
raised  from  a  tax  levied  upon  each  inhabitant,  or  from 


12  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  public  Treasury.  Tliey  pretend  that  a  Hundred  Dol- 
lars a  year  for  each  of  these  Men  would  be  a  Sufficient 
gratification,  and  that  it  would  result  in  many  advantages 
and  the  general  satisfaction  of  the  people.  They  com- 
plain also  of  the  want  of  prisins,  or  some  place  of  con- 
finement for  Criminals  and  other  defaulters.  They  speak 
loudly  of  the  great  expense  attendant  upon  their  situa- 
tions as  civil  Magistrates,  and  the  inconsiderable  recom- 
pense received  from  the  fees  to  which  they  are  entitled 
by  Law.  They  complain  too  of  the  ruin  and  falling  down 
of  their  Churches,  and  are  likely  to  be  deserted  by  many 
of  their  Priests,  who  not  being  able  to  raise  a  Sufficiency 
for  their  maintenance  among  the  people  follow  their  pay 
with  the  Spanish  Government.  They  regret  this  circum- 
stance as  it  is  taking  away  from  the  growing  generation 
the  principal  restraint  against  immorality,  and  by  leav- 
ing a  doubt  of  the  necessity  and  usefulness  of  the  ministry 
of  these  people  among  the  ignorant,  you  break  in  upon 
the  fundamentals  of  their  religion  and  open  the  door  to  a 
disbelief  in  the  truth  of  virtue,  and  the  advantages  of 
good  morals.  They  wish  your  Excellency  to  do  every 
thing  in  your  power,  for  the  replacing  their  clergy,  &  en- 
couraging the  people  to  contribute  to  their  maintenance 
and  support. 

They  pray  you  also  for  your  particular  support  in  the 
exercise  of  the  duties  of  their  offices,  that  you  will  in- 
struct them  when  wrong,  encourage  them  when  right,  and 
assist  them  to  contribute  their  mite  for  the  promotion  of 
the  happiness  of  the  people,  and  prosperity  of  the  Coun- 
try and  the  preservation  of  their  Constitution  which  they 
have  sworn  to  support  and  shall  in  future  delight  to  obey. 

I  intended  to  have  said  something  upon  the  Subjects 
of,  the  number  of  inhabitants,  the  strength  of  the  Militia 
the  productions  of  Soil,  its  qualities  and  the  quantities  of 
the  different  articles  raised  thereon,  the  importance  of 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         13 

cleaning  up  the  Bayous  of  Ibberville,^  the  fork,  and 
plaquemines  and  the  advantages  that  would  result  there- 
from, of  the  propriety  of  Soliciting  Congress  for  vacant 
Lands  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  revenue  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  Seminary  of  learning  and  other  Schools, 
but  having  already  spun  out  this  communication  to  a 
tedious  length,  I  beg  your  Excellency  to  accept  it  as  it  is, 
and  permit  me  to  be  with  considerations  of  the  highest 
possible  respect  and  esteem 

Your  Excellency's 
obdt.  Hubl.  St. 

(Signed)   John  Watkins 
New  Orleans  Feby  2nd  1804 
His  Excellency  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Governor   General   and   Intendant   of  the   Province   of 
Louisiana 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  March  1st  1804 
Sir, 

Having  understood  that  there  were  several  Parishes 
or  Districts  in  Louisiana  where  former  Commandants 
had  declined  acting  under  the  American  Government; 
that  the  inhabitants  were  becoming  discontented  and  in 
some  instances  that  disorders  had  ensued,  I  deem'd  it  ad- 
viseable  immediately  to  appoint  the  necessary  Civil  of- 
ficers, and  by  some  verbal  communications  to  endeavor  to 
impress  the  minds  of  the  Citizens  favorably,  towards  the 
change  of  Government.  My  acquaintance  mth  Charac- 
ters being  too  limitted  to  enable  me  promptly  to  take  the 


*This  plan  for  connecting  the  Mississippi  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
by  dredging  the  Ibberville  river  was  a  project  of  English  engineers  as 
early  as  1764. 


14  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITORIAL    AECHIVES. 

first  measure,  and  my  necessary  presence  in  this  City, 
preventing  me  from  executing  (in  person)  the  other,  I 
solicited  Doctor  John  Watkins  to  proceed  on  a  Mission 
to  these  Districts,  and  which  he  was  pleased  to  undertake. 

Doctor  Watkins  was  formerly  of  Kentucky  bjit  hav- 
ing Married  a  Lady  of  this  Province,  has  settled  in  this 
City,  he  is  perfect  Master  of  the  French  and  Spanish 
languages,  possesses  good  general  information,  and  sup- 
ports the  character  of  a  very  honest  man. 

The  enclosure  No.  1  is  «  copy  of  Doctor  Watkins 's  in- 
structions; that  No.  2  of  his  Credentials,  and  the  en- 
closure No.  3  of  the  Doctors  Report;  to  this  latter  Docu- 
ment I  beg  particularly  to  refer  you.  It  states  the  wishes 
of  the  people  on  several  Subjects  highly  interesting  to 
Louisiana,  and  which  will  no  doul^t  receive  the  attention 
of  the  General  Government.  With  respect  to  the  impor- 
tation of  Slaves  from  Africa  which  is  mentioned  in  the 
report.  I  think  it  my  duty  to  State,  that  on  this  Subject, 
the  people  generally  appear  to  feel  a  lively  interest,  and 
the  prevailing  opinion  expressed  here  is,  that  a  prohibi- 
tion would  tend  generally  to  the  injury  of  the  Province. 

I  believe  also  that  the  Solicitude  of  the  people  on  the 
coast  for  a  delegate  to  congress  (which  Doctor  Watkins 
mentions)  is  not  greater,  than  that  of  the  Citizens  of  New 
Orleans;  perhaps  in  the  formation  of  a  Government  for 
Louisiana,  Congress  may  make  provision  for  a  delegate, 
and  extend  to  him  the  privileges  mth  those  enjoyed  by 
delegates  from  other  Territories ;  Such  a  provision  would 
certainly  give  general  Satisfaction  here ;  and  I  hope  Con- 
gress may  deem  it  advisable. 

Accept  Assurances  of  my  Respectful  Consideration. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State  '      j     ;  J: 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         15 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  March  2nd  1804 
Sir, 

The  Northern  Mail  arrived  last  evening  but  brought 
me  no  official  Letters  from  the  Seat  of  Government.  Per- 
fect tranquility  continues  to  prevail  here,  but  really  the 
Burthens  of  the  Temporary  Government  are  peculiarly 
hard  upon  me ;  and  are  becoming  more  so  every  day. 

I  am  compelled  to  exercise  more  authority  than  I  had 
contemplated.  I  fear  my  decrees  or  rather  ordinances 
Avill  present  a  Novel  appearance  at  the  seat  of  Govern- 
ment, and  I  can  assure  you,  I  venture  on  this  Species  of 
Legislation  with  reluctance  and  only  in  cases  where  the 
interests  of  the  Society  are  involved,  and  the  wishes  of 
the  people  invite  me  to  act.  On  my  first  arrival  in  this 
City,  the  solicitude  of  the  inhabitants  for  some  Tribunals 
of  Justice  appeared  to  be  universal,  and  the  General  com- 
plaint was,  that  no  debts  could  be  recovered.  I  immedi- 
ately organized  an  inferior  Tribunal,  and  all  parties 
seemed  pleased  with  the  institution.  Debtors  however 
have  recently  complained  of  the  zeal  and  promptitude 
with  which  the  justices  discharge  their  duties,  and  beg 
that  some  delay  in  the  hearing  and  determining  causes 
may  be  perscribed,  I  have  endeavoured  to  accomodate 
Debtors  on  this  point,  in  prescribing  certain  rules  of  pro- 
ceedings for  the  Court  which  will  produce  in  part  the  de- 
lay solicited. 

From  the  great  variety  of  Characters  which  are  in 
New  Orleans;  from  several  attempts  which  have  been 
made  to  fire  the  City,  and  from  several  robberies  which 
have  occured —  I  have  been  induced  to  direct  a  Strict 
watch  at  night,  for  the  purpose  of  Securing  the  City  from 
fire,  and  the  designs  of  evil  disposed  persons. 


16  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

I  am  Sir  very  Eespectfully  your  most  obedient  Sert. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Sect,  of  State 


Ordinance  regulating  the  City  Police. 

An  Ordinance. 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory,  exercising  the  powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana 

Whereas  I  have  been  requested  by  a  Committee  of  re- 
spectable Citizens,  in  the  name  of  the  good  people  of  New 
Orleans,  to  make  some  provision  for  the  security  of  this 
City,  by  night  against  fire,  and  the  designs  of  evil  dis- 
posed persons,  and  believing  that  while  on  this  occasion, 
it  devolves  upon  the  chief  Magistrate  to  prescribe,  it  is 
the  sacred  duty  of  every  worthy  inhabitant,  faithful  to 
Co-operate  in  all  measures  having  for  their  object  the 
general  Welfare ;  I  do  therefore,  ordain  and  make  known 
the  following  regulations  and  do  require  and  enjoin  a 
strict  observance  thereof. 

1st.  A  Watch  shall  be  organized  to  consist  of  Free  white 
Male  inhabitants  of  the  City  between,  seventeen  and 
fifty  years  of  age  who  have  resided  here  more  than 
thirty  days  excepting  always  people  in  authority, 
regular,  practising  Physicians  and  Apothecaries 
Clergy-men,  Schoolmasters,  Officers  and  Soldiers  of 
the  regular  Troops,  Sea-faring  people,  and  such  other 
persons  as  the  Commissaries  of  the  quarters  may  for 
good  and  Special  reasons  judge  to  be  entitled  to  an 
exemption. 
2nd.  The  Commissaries  of  the  Quarters  shall  enroll  all 
the  inhabitants  of  their  respective  Quarters  who  are 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    \V.    C.    C.    CLAIBORlSrE.  17 

by  the  proceeding  regulations  liable  to  serve  on  the 
watch,  and  shall  afterwards  Subdivide  them  into  a 
convenient  number  of  Sections,  and  nominate  some 
discreet  person,  to  be  approved  of  by  the  Governor  to 
act  as  chief  of  each  Section,  shall  be  Subject,  and 
whose  directions  they  shall  follow. 

3rd.  A  Watch  consisting  of  not  less  than  twenty  four 
persons,  shall  patrole  the  Streets  every  night,  to  re- 
press disorders,  and  to  apprehend  people  who  may  be 
found  transgressing  the  regulations  of  the  Police. 
The  Conmiissaries  of  the  Quarters  will  regulate 
among  themselves  the  proportion  which  each  quarter 
shall  furnish  and  there  shall  be  at  least  two  chiefs  of 
Sections  on  duty  every  night,  to  whose  authority  the 
individual  composing  the  watch  shall  be  subject.  The 
Commissaries  of  the  quarters  and  the  chiefs  of  sec- 
tions will  adopt  methods  to  secure  a  regular  rotation 
of  duty. 

4th.  Persons  neglecting  or  refusing  to  serve  on  the 
Watch  having  been  regularly  warned  by  a  chief  of  a 
Section,  at  least  six  hours  previous  to  the  time  of  Serv- 
ice, shall  be  lial)le  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  ten  dollars 
for  each  offence,  to  be  recovered  before  a  magistrate, 
unless  the  delinquent  shall  offer  a  substantial  cause 
for  such  refusal  or  neglect,  in  which  case  he  may,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Magistrate  be  released  from  the 
whole  or  any  part  of  the  fine  aforesaid. 

Sth.  The  AVatch  will  assemble  every  evening  at  eight 
oClock  at  the  Principal,  where  the  chiefs  of  Sections 
or  Captains  of  the  Watch  will  receive  the  countersign 
from  tlie  officer  Commanding  the  Mainguard;  they 
Avill  begin  to  Patrole  at  nine  oClock  separately  or 
united  as  may  be  thought  best,  and  continue  until  re- 
veille or  Day  break;  the  Watch  shall  have  power  to 

apprehend  and  connnit  to  Prison,  to  ])e  dealt  with  ac- 
II — 2 


18  MISSISSIPPI    TEPiPJTORIAL   ARCHIVES. 

cording  to  the  Police  of  the  City,  all  slaves  who  shall 
be  found  in  the  Streets  after  nine  oClock  mthout 
passes  from  their  Masters,  and  all  persons  that  may 
be  found  abroad  at  unseasonable  hours,  who  do  not 
give  good  account  of  themselves,  to  enter  Gambling 
houses,  tipling  Houses,  and  Houses  of  ill  fame,  where 
people  may  be  assembled  at  night,  to  compel  such  peo- 
ple if  thought  necessary  to  disperse  and  go  home :  to 
apprehend  Sailors  and  Soldiers,  who  may  be  found 
absent  from  their  Ships  or  quarters  after  nine  oCloek, 
and  in  general  to  repress  disorders  and  maintain  the 
quiet  and  Security  of  the  City. 

6th.  A  Justice  of  the  Pease  will  repair  at  nine  oClock 
every  morning  to  the  Principal,  to  make  examination 
of  the  person  who  may  have  been  committed  to  Prison 
on  the  preceeding  night :  one  of  the  cliief  s  of  Sections 
or  Captains  of  the  Watch  will  attend  the  Magistrate 
to  answer  such  questions  or  give  such  explanations 
as  may  be  necessary ;  Slaves  who  may  have  been  ap- 
prehended violating  the  regulations  of  the  Police,  are 
to  be  punished  as  such  regulations  may  direct.  Other 
persons  against  whom  no  other  charge  appears  than 
being  found  abroad  at  unseasonable  hours,  are  to  be 
discharged;  and  those  who  have  been  apprehended  for 
committing  crimes  or  breaches  of  the  peace  are  to  be 
proceeded  against  according  to  Law.  The  Justices 
will  make  arrangements  among  tliemselves  to  do  this 
duty  in  rotation. 

7th.  Should  the  Watch  or  any  individual  thereof  be 
guilty  of  an  outrage  upon  the  persons  or  property  of 
the  good  inhabitants  of  the  City,  or  insult  them,  or 
without  just  cause ;  and  contrary  to  the  true  intent 
and  meaning  of  this  ordinance,  wantonly  or  malic- 
iously apprehend  and  imprison  any  person,  each  and 
every  of  them  so  offending  shall  be  liable  to  punish- 
ment l)v  fine  not  exceeding  thirty  dollars,  the  matter 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  19 

to  be  enquired  into,  heard  and  summarily  determined 
on  the  succeeding  morning  by  the  attending  Justice  of 
the  peace;  nevertheless  the  party  complaining,  is  at 
liberty  in  cases  of  serious  injury,  to  have  recourse  to 
the  ordinary  Tribunals  for  justice. 
8th.  All  fines  arising  under  this  ordinance  shall  be  ^aid 
into  the  Treasury  of  the  City,  and  appropriated  for 
the  uses  thereof  under  the  direction  of  the  Munici- 
pality. 

Griven  under  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  the  administra- 
tion, at  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  the  third  day  of  March, 
1804  and  in  the  28th  year  of  the  independence  of  the 
United  States  of  America. 
(S.  L.)  (Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Gov.  Fold. 

New  Orleans  March  7th  1804 
Sir, 

The  President  of  the  United  States  A^^th  a  view  to 
preserve  a  good  understanding  with  the  Chactaw  Indians, 
has  established  a  Factory  or  trading  house  at  Fort  St. 
Stephens  on  the  Tombigby  River.  The  goods  trans- 
mitted to  this  Factory  and  the  Peltry  &c  exported  there- 
from are  the  property  of  the  United  States,  and  I  per- 
suade myself  that  on  their  passage  by  the  way  of  Mobile 
no  duties  will  be  exacted,  or  interruption  offered  by  the 
Authorities  of  Spain. ^ 

I  beg  leave  to  remind  your  Excellency,  that  by  a 
Treaty  Between  the  United  States  and  Spain,  they  are 
mutually  bound  to  restrain  the  Indians  ^^dthin  their  re- 
spective limits  from  committing  hostilities,  against  the 
adjacent  Settlements  of  either  power:     The  prosperity 


^  The  shipment  of  goods  to  and  from  this  factory  was  the  cause  of 
much  friction  between  the  United  States  and  Spain. 


20  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOKIAL    ARCHIVES. 

therefore  of  the  Factory  at  Fort  St.  Stephens  is  interest- 
ing to  both  onr  nations,  Since  the  influence  which  the 
American  Government  may  acquire  in  the  Chactaw  Coun- 
cils, will  be  used  not  only  to  secure  peace  and  safety  to 
our  o^\^l  frontiers,  but  to  the  dominions  of  his  Catholic 
Majesty. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  high  con- 
sideration. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency  Governor  Folch 


To  Joseph  Chambers. 

New  Orleans  March  8th  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

In  accepting  the  appointment  of  Register  you  did 
right,  and  I  persuade  myself,  your  conduct  in  that  office 
will  be  Such,  as  to  recommend  you  still  further  to  the 
Patronage  of  the  President. 

The  Factory  will  no  doubt  continue  to  receive  your 
particular  attention,  and  I  doubt  not,  but  that  institution 
will  flourish  under  your  judicious  management.  I 
would  advise,  that  the  Peltry  &c  &c  be  immediately  pre- 
pared for  transportation  by  the  way  of  the  Mobile,  or 
this  City  as  you  may  esteem  most  expedient.  On  the  sub- 
ject of  the  duties  you  alluded  to,  I  have  addresses  a  letter 
to  Governor  Folch  (who  is  now  in  the  City)  and  his  an- 
swer I  expect  will  remove  all  difficulties  upon  this  point. 
^Hien  his  answer  is  received  which  I  hourly  look  for,  you 
shall  be  advised  thereof.  Peltry  at  this  time  commands  a 
high  Price  to  the  Northward,  and  I  advise  therefore  a 
Shipment  immediately  upon  your  being  informed  by  me, 
of  the  determination  of  the  Spanish  Authorities  with  re- 
spect to  the  duties. 

The  Archives  of  Louisiana  have  not  all  been  sur- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  21 

rendered  to  the  American  Commissioners,  but  a  complete 
delivery  is  expected  in  a  few  days,  the  records  you  desire 
are  not  in  our  possession.  When  they  are  delivered, 
measures  will  be  taken  to  procure  copies  for  your  use.  I 
understand  that  the  warrants  of  Survey  under  the  Span- 
ish Authority  were  not  committed  to  record.  Grants 
were,  but  very  few  have  been  issued  for  Land  in  the  Toni- 
bigby  Settlement.  Every  thing  is  tranquil  in  this  City, 
and  my  administration  is  as  prosperous  as  under  existing 
circumstances,  I  could  have  expected. 

I  do  not  know  how  long  I  am  to  continue  in  this  City 
nor  am  yet  informed  as  to  my  future  destination.  I  learn 
that  the  office  of  Governor  of  Lower  Louisiana  is  much 
sought  for,  and  that  both  here,  and  elsewhere  there  are 
intrigues  afloat  to  injure  me  with  the  Executive.  What 
success  may  attend  my  enemies  I  know  not,  but  as  our  old 
friend  Macon  used  to  say  the  cause  of  truth  will  in  the 
end  prevail,  and  hence  I  am  firmly  of  opinion,  that  all 
good  men  will  ultimately  give  me  credit  as  a  Public  Char- 
acter for  the  integrity  of  my  intentions  and  my  great  zeal 
for  the  interest  and  happiness  of  United  America —  I 
claim  nothing  further. 

I  Sincerely  wish  you  well 

Your  Friend 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Joseph  Chambers  Esqr. 
Register  of  the  Land  Office,  Fort  Stoddart 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  March  9th  1804 
Sir, 

The  former  Spanish  Secretary  for  this  Province  Don 
Andre  waited  upon  me  this  morning,  and  said  that  two 
Vessels  were  now  taking  in  the  Military  Stores  of  his 


22  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Catholic  Majesty,  and  that  between  the  15th  and  20th 
instants  the  Troops,  arms  &c  of  Spain  will  all  be  em- 
barked for  Pensacola. 

In  a  Letter  also  received  on  this  morning  from  The 
French  Commissioner,  w^e  are  informed  that  the  Archives 
&c  will  all  be  delivered  in  a  few  days,  and  he  assures  us 
of  his  great  desire  to  conclude  the  Business  of  the  Com- 
mission. 

The  public  order  of  this  City  is  still  preserved  and 
there  is  every  prospect  of  continuing  Tranquility.  The 
Merchants  of  this  City  manifest  great  impatience  for  the 
arrival  of  the  Revenue  System  for  Louisiana;  they  as 
well  as  the  Planters  complain  heavily  of  the  duties  on  ex- 
ports. And  the  w^ant  of  Registers  for  Vessels  now  in 
this  Port  Claimed  by  Citizens  of  Louisiana  is  spoken  of 
as  a  serious  injury  to  the  Mercantile  Literests. 

I  have  omitted  no  occasion  to  impress  upon  the  Citi- 
zens the  absolute  necessity  there  was  in  well  considering 
the  Laws  for  the  Government  of  Louisiana,  and  to  assure 
them,  that  a  regard  for  their  welfare  and  the  great  solici- 
tude of  the  Government  that  their  acts  should  approach 
as  near  perfection  as  possible  had  alone  occasioned  the 
delay.  With  reflecting  Men,  no  blame  attaches  to  the 
Government,  but  where  interest  is  connected  with  a  meas- 
ure it  is  natural  to  Man  to  be  impatient  for  its  comple- 
tion I  find  however  that  the  best  way  of  keeping  the  Citi- 
zens reconciled  to  the  present  temporary  Government,  is 
to  keep  their  minds  employed  at  home,  and  to  manifest 
on  my  part,  a  Sincere  disposition  to  amend  the  general 
police,  and  to  make  such  legislative  provisions,  as  their 
local  interests  may  require ;  hence  I  have  of  late  passed 
several  local  ordinances,  copies  of  which  shall  be  trans- 
mitted to  you. 

The  Citizens  of  New  Orleans  have  expressed  uncom- 
mon Solicitude  for  the  Bank,  and  a  Petition  to  me  on  the 
Subject,  has  been  presented.  Signed  I  believe  by  almost 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         23 

every  respectable  Man  in  tlie  City  and  its  Vicinity.  1 
am  inclined  to  indulge  the  People  on  this  occasion.  The 
Bank  would  be  so  pleasing  and  so  much  engross  the  Pub- 
lic attention,  that  if  Congress  should  permit  the  Province 
to  remain  in  its  present  Situation  for  montlis,  it  seems  to 
me,  the  Citizens  would  not  be  disposed  to  complain.  I 
at  first  had  some  doubts  as  to  my  power  to  grant  Char- 
ters; but  find  that  under  the  former  Government,  the 
Governor  had  authority  "to  pass  all  ordinances  for  the 
improvement  of  the  Province."  A  Bank  might  tend  to 
the  Commercial  and  agricultural  interest,  and  conse- 
quently to  the  improvement  of  the  Province. 

I  must  confess  Sir,  I  feel  some  inquietude  in  sanc- 
tioning the  Bank  establishment,  but  I  am  pressed  on  the 
occasion  by  the  applications  of  the  People,  and  under 
existing  circumstances,  it  seems  to  me  my  duty  requires 
that  every  thing  in  my  power  should  be  done  to  conciliate 
general  confidence.  In  the  exercise  of  my  discretionary 
powers,  I  have  great  cause  to  fear  that  through  want  of 
Judgment,  I  shall  commit  many  errors,  but  believe  me 
Sir,  I  shall  do  nothing,  but  with  honest  intentions,  and  a 
Sincere  desire  to  promote  the  interest  of  my  Country. 

Accept  assurances  of  Respect  and  Esteem. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  March  10th  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  been  informed  by  Mr.  Clark  our  former  Consul 
at  this  Port  that  he  conceives  himself  no  longer  vested 


24  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

with  authority,  to  expend  the  sum  appropriated  by  Gov- 
ernment for  the  support  and  comfort  of  American  Sea- 
men and  Boatmen  who  may  fall  sick  or  become  disabled 
in  this  City.  I  presume  Mr.  Clark  is  correct  in  his  opin- 
ion and  therefore  Sir,  it  is,  that  I  take  the  liberty  to  so- 
licit that  this  humane  duty  may  be  recommitted  to  Mr. 
Clarke  or  vested  in  some  other  person.  There  cannot 
any  where  exist  a  greater  necessity  for  a  Provision  of  the 
kind  alluded  to,  than  in  this  port.  During  the  Summer 
months  the  Health  of  the  inhabitants  is  insecure,  and  the 
climate  proves  particularly  unsafe  to  strangers.  New  Or- 
leans is  already  a  great  commercial  City,  and  thousands 
of  Seamen  and  Boatmen  from  the  United  States  visit 
it  annually.  When  they  fall  sick  or  become  disabled,  they 
Frequently  experience  an  accumulation  of  distress,  and 
many  have  heretofore  died  for  want  of  the  Common  Com- 
forts of  a  Sick  Bed.  There  is  in  this  City  one  Charity 
Hospital  Supported  entirely  by  private  Bounty  but  its 
funds  are  too  limitted  to  render  the  institution  extreme- 
ly useful.  Until  therefore  the  Government  of  Louisiana 
is  organized,  and  adequate  Territorial  provisions  are 
made  for  unfortunate  Strangers,  I  trust  Congress  will  re- 
tain them  under  their  humane  protection.  I  have  already 
observed  in  this  City  (among  Strangers)  much  private 
misfortune ;  and  objects  of  Distress  often  present  them- 
selves at  my  door. 

Adequate  relief,  can  (at  present)  alone  be  afforded 
them  by  the  General  Government,  and  I  pray  that  the 
provisions  heretofore  made  may  be  continued. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  Great  Respect  and  high  con- 
sideration. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 

James  Madison 

Secty.  of  State 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        25 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  March  10th  1804 
Sir, 

In  a  Paper  which  was  received  by  the  last  Mail  from 
the  Seat  of  Government,  it  was  stated  that  a  Law  had 
passed  the  Senate  prohibiting  the  foreign  importation  of 
Slaves  into  this  Province.  This  intelligence  has  occa- 
sioned great  agitation  in  this  City  and  in  the  adjacent 
Settlements. 

The  African  Trade  has  hitherto  been  lucrative,  and 
the  farmers  are  desirous  of  increasing  the  number  of 
their  Slaves.  The  prohibiting  the  incorporation  of  Ne- 
groes therefore,  is  viewed  here  as  a  serious  blow  at  the 
Commercial  and  agricultural  interest  of  the  Province. 
The  admission  of  Negroes  into  the  state  of  South  Caro- 
lina has  served  to  increase  the  discontent  here.  The  Citi- 
zens generally  can  not  be  made  to  understand  the  present 
power  of  the  State  Authorities  with  regard  to  the  impor- 
tation of  persons:-  they  suppose  that  Congress  must  con- 
nive at  the  importation  into  South  Carolina,  and  many 
wiU  be  made  to  believe,  that  it  is  done  with  a  view  to 
make  South  Carolina  the  Sole  importer  for  Louisiana. 
An  adventurer  by  the  name  of  Tupper,  a  native  of  Bos- 
ton, (and  if  report  be  true  of  little  respectability)  who  ar- 
rived in  this  City  about  three  weeks  ago  from  France, 
taking  advantage  of  the  agitation  of  the  Public  mind  has 
proposed  a  meeting  of  the  people  on  Monday  next,  in 
order  to  State  their  grievances  to  Congress  and  to  elect 
an  agent  to  be  the  bearer  of  this  Memorial.  This  Mr. 
Tupper  (it  is  said)  is  solicitous  to  be  the  agent,  and  there- 
fore he  invites  the  meeting.  I  have  however  taken  meas- 
ures to  impress  the  better  part  of  Society  with  an  opin- 
ion, that  at  this  particular  period,  the  proceeding  was 
wrong  and  I  believe  but  few  (if  any)  respectable  Citi- 
zens will  attend  the  meeting.    In  the  present  unsettled 


26  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

State  of  tilings  public  assemblages  of  the  people  might 
lead  to  riot  and  disorder.  The  Public  mind  here  may 
easily  be  inflamed,  and  when  the  inhabitants  are  put  in 
motion  it  would  be  difficult  to  restrain  them  from  out- 
rage. The  success  which  this  man  Tupper  has  met  with 
is  a  strong  proof  of  the  mischief  a  designing  unprinci- 
pled Man  may  do  in  Louisiana.  The  Prohibition  of  the 
African  Trade,  the  Continuation  of  the  export  duties,  the 
want  of  Registers  for  Vessels  and  the  delay  in  extending 
to  the  Louisianans  like  privileges  with  those  enjoyed  by 
Citizens  of  the  United  States,  have  been  the  themes  of 
discussion  with  this  adventurer.  I  hope  however  his  de- 
signs Avill  be  counteracted,  and  that  the  quiet  of  the  City 
will  remain  uninterrupted.  I  must  confess  Sir,  I  appre- 
hend more  trouble  from  some  imprudent,  who  are  here, 
than  from  any  of  the  Natives. 

My  former  Congressional  acquaintance  Edward  Liv- 
ingston, is  now  in  New  Orleans,  and  has  acquired  con- 
siderable influence  among  the  inhabitants,  he  manifests 
the  best  disposition  towards  the  Government,  and  a  de- 
sire to  render  my  administration  pleasing  and  the  pres- 
ent state  of  things  acceptable  to  the  people. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  Respect  and  Esteem. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


From  the  Town  of  Washington  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

To  His  Excellency  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor 
of  the  Mississippi  Territory  exercising  Powers  of  Gover- 
nor General  and,  intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

The  exertions  of  a  Public  Officer  to  confer  happiness 
on  the  Community  by  dispensing  equal  and  impartial 
Justice,  and  preserving  unimpaired  the  constitutional 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  27 

liberties  of  the  people  deserve  the  return  of  grateful  ac- 
knowledgments. The  Citizens  of  Washington  and  its  vi- 
cinity therefore  pray  your  Excellency  to  accept  their  un- 
divided approbation  of  the  firm  and  dignified  measures 
of  your  late  administration  in  this  Territory.  If  integ- 
rity of  conduct  united  to  an  enlightened  mind  filled  with 
benevolence  and  Universal  Philanthropy  are  worthy  of 
Eulogium,  all  that  these  virtues  merit  we  offer  you  as  a 
just  Tribute. 

We  congratulate  your  Excellency  on  the  unanimity 
and  harmony  with  which  the  American  Government  is 
received  by  our  new  fellow  Citizens  of  Louisiana;  this 
great  and  interesting  event  cannot  fail  to  exhibit  "the 
fairest  page  in  the  volume  of  faithful  history,"  and  the 
high  characters  who  so  ably  managed  the  negotiation 
from  its  commencement  to  the  ever  memorable  surrender 
on  the  20th  day  of  December  last,  mil  share  the  w^armest 
affections  of  the  American  People. 

On  this  Auspicious  occasion  we  reflect  with  honest 
pride  and  Exultation,  that  in  discharging  the  highest 
trusts  and  confidences  reposed  in  your  Excellency  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  nothing  has  appeared  re- 
pugnant to  the  principles  of  inflexible  justice  mingled 
with  humanity.  We  earnestly  desire  the  return  of  your 
Excellency  to  the  Mississippi  Territory:  We  anticipate 
no  change  by  which  we  can  gain  either  a  better  friend  or 
a  more  Patriotic  Governor,  but  should  the  general  Gov- 
ernment require  your  aid  in  another  cj[uarter,  we  tender 
you  this  pledge  of  undissembled  Friendship,  and  a  sin- 
cere wish  that  you  may  ever  continue  to  merit  and  ob- 
tain the  confidence  of  your  Country. 

Town  of  Washington  Feby  27th  1804 


28  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Answer- 
To  the  Citizens  of  the  Town  of  Washington  and  its  Vi- 
cinity 
Gentlemen, 

Your  Friendly  address  of  the  27th  Ultimo  has  excited 
in  my  breast  emotions  of  gratitude  and  pleasure.  The 
highest  reward  of  Public  Services  is  a  consciousness  of 
having  acted  with  honest  intentions ;  the  next  in  order  is 
the  Public  Suffrage  in  their  favour ;  of  the  former  no  cir- 
cumstance can  deprive  me  and  of  the  latter  your  address 
is  a  most  pleasing  testimonial  the  more  greatful,  because 
it  comes  from  friends  whose  good  opinion  I  highly  value 
from  neighbours  to  whom  every  part  of  my  conduct  has 
been  exposed,  and  from  Citizens  who  know  their  rights 
and  would  disdain  to  flatter  the  man  who  had  betrayed 
them. 

Your  congratulations  on  that  great  and  interesting 
event  which  has  given  to  our  country  an  extension  of  Em- 
pire and  to  ourselves  ''new  fellow  Citizens"  I  receive 
with  Satisfaction  and  reciprocate  with  Sincerity.  If  my 
agency  has  in  the  least,  promoted  its  execution,  I  shall 
esteem  it  the  most  fortunate  occurrence  of  my  life.  The 
Welfare  and  happiness  of  our  Brethren  of  Louisiana  are 
objects  dear  to  my  heart,  and  in  the  discharge  of  the 
high  trust  which  the  President  of  the  United  States  has 
temporarily  committed  to  me,  it  shall  be  my  greatest  care 
to  keep  in  view  ''the  principles  of  inflexible  justice  mingl- 
ed with  humanity. ' ' 

Accept  Gentlemen  my  warmest  thanks  for  your  kind 
wishes,  with  respect  to  my  future  destination ;  I  am  unin- 
formed whether  it  may  call  me,  nor  do  I  know  that  a 
change  in  the  executive  of  your  Territory  is  contemplated 
but  permit  me  to  say,  that  in  whatever  situation  I  may  be 
placed,  I  shall  retain  a  grateful  sense  of  your  favour,  the 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        29 

best  dispositions  to  serve  you,  and  an  anxious  Solicitude 
for  your  prosperity. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
New  Orleans  8tli  March  1804 


Ordinance  Providing  for  the  EstahlisJiment  of  a  Bank. 
An  Ordinance 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory  exercising  the  powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

Whereas,  a  number  of  Merchants,  and  others  have  as- 
sociated for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  Banl^  of  Dis- 
count, Deposit  and  Exchange,  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans, 
and  have  applied  to  me  to  sanction  the  same  by  an  ordin- 
ance, to  the  end  that  the  Stock-holders  in  the  Said  Bank 
may  not  individually  be  liable  for  any  contracts  made  by 
the  Said  Bank,  and  that  the  Said  Company  may  sue,  and 
be  sued  in  the  aggregate  capacity  for  all  debts  which  may 
be  due  to,  or  contracted  by  them. 

And  whereas,  it  appears  to  me  that  the  said  institu- 
tion wdll  tend  greatly  to  the  safety  and  ease  of  transact- 
ing of  mercantile  business,  will  extend  the  Commerce  im- 
prove the  agriculture  and  promote  the  prosperity  of  this 
Province.  Therefore  be  it  ordained,  that  a  Bank  may  be 
established  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  the  Capital  Stock 
whereof  shall  not  at  present  exceed  six  hundred  thousand 
dollars  divided  into  six  thousand  shares  of  one  hundred 
dollars  each,  to  be  paid  one  fifth  at  the  time  of  subscrib- 
ing either  in  mone}^  or  notes  on  demand  at  the  discretion 
of  the  Commissioners  and  the  remaining  four  fiftlis  by 
such  instalments  as  the  Directors  to  be  chosen  in  tlie  man- 
ner here  in  after  specified  shall  appoint,  and  that  sub- 
scriptions shall  be  opened  for  the  said  shares  on  the  six- 


30  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

teenth  day  of  March  instant  under  the  Superintendance^ 
of  Evan  Jones,  John  F.  Mericult,  Paul  Lanuse,  William 
Garland,  Edward  Livingston,  Peter  Saiivee,  Joseph  Tri- 
con, John  Lanthors,  William  Donaldson,  Nicholas  F.  Gi- 
rod,  John  McDonagh  Jnnr.,  Jerome  La  Chiapella,  Benja- 
min Morgan,  Hone  Browse  Trist,  Michael  Fortier,  and 
Beverly  Chew,  which  said  Subscription  shall  continue 
open  until  the  whole  of  the  said  Capital  Stock  shall  be 
subscribed. 

And  be  it  further  ordained,  that  all  those,  who  shall 
become  subscribers  to  the  said  Bank  their  Successors  and 
assigns  shall  be  and  they  are  hereby  created  a  body  cor- 
porate and  politic  by  the  name  and  Style  of  the  Louisiana 
Bank,  and  by  that  name  shall  be  made  Capable  at  all 
times  hereafter  to  purchase,  receive,  possess  and  enjoy 
all  kinds  of  Estate  whatsoever  whether  real  or  personal 
to  an  amount  not  exceeding  five  hundred  thousand  Dol- 
lars over  and  above  their  Capital  Stock,  and  the  same  to 
grant,  sell,  demise,  and  dispose  of,  and  to  sue  and  be 
sued,  plead  and  be  impleaded  in  Courts  of  record  and 
elsewhere,  and  also  to  have  and  use  a  Common  Seal  and 
the  same  to  break,  alter  and  renew  at  their  pleasure. 

And  be  it  further  ordained,  that  for  the  well  ordering 
the  affairs  of  the  said  Corporation  there  shall  be  fifteen 
Directors  chosen  from  among  the  Stock-holders  on  the 
first  monday  of  January  in  every  3^ear  who  shall  enter 
into  office  on  the  monday  then  next  following,  and  that 
for  the  period  previous  to  the  second  monday  in  Janu- 
ary in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  five.  Di- 
rectors for  the  said  Bank  shall  be  chosen  in  the  manner 
following  that  is  to  say  as  soon  as  the  sum  of  three  hun- 
dred thousand  Dollars  is  Subscribed,  the  Commissioners 
herein  before  named  shall  appoint  a  time  and  place  with- 
in the  said  City  for  proceeding  to  the  Election  of  fifteen 
Directors  and  shall  ffive  notice  thereof  in  at  least  one  of 


^  The  leading  professional  and  business  men  of  New  Orleans. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  81 

the  Public  Newspapers  printed  in  the  Said  City  and  it 
shall  be  lawful  for  such  Election  to  be  then  and  there 
held  by  the  Subscribing  Stockholders  or  their  Proxies  by 
Ballot  under  the  said  Commissioners  or  a  majority  of 
them,  and  the  persons  then  and  there  chosen  shall  be  the 
first  Directors  and  shall  be  capable  of  serving  by  virtue 
of  such  choice  untill  the  second  Monday  in  January  next, 
and  that  the  said  Directors  shall  at  their  first  meeting 
elect  by  Ballot  one  of  their  number  to  be  President,  and  in 
like  manner  all  directors  to  be  chosen  hereafter  shall  on 
the  second  Monday  of  January  in  every  year  elect  one  of 
their  number  for  their  President,  who  shall  continue  in 
office  for  one  year  and  in  all  cases  of  Vacancy  in  the  office 
of  Director  either  by  removal  from  the  Jurisdiction  of 
the  City  Death  or  resignation  before  the  first  Monday  of 
January  in  every  year  the  same  may  be  filled  up  by  the 
Directors.  And  the  said  Directors  for  the  time  being 
shall  have  power  to  appoint  all  officers  and  servants  un- 
der them  and  allow  them  and  allow  them  and  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Said  Bank  such  compensation  for  their  ser- 
vices as  they  may  deem  reasonable,  and  shall  make  rules 
and  regulations  for  the  transaction  of  Business  and  the 
good  Government  of  the  affairs  of  the  said  Corporation. 
And  shall  twice  in  every  year  declare  and  pay  a  dividend 
of  the  Profits  or  such  proportions  thereof  arising  on  the 
said  Stock  as  they  may  deem  reasonable. 

And  be  it  further  ordained  that  the  number  of  Votes 
to  which  each  Stock  holder  shall  be  entitled  shall  be  ac- 
cording to  the  number  of  shares  he  shall  hold  in  the  pro- 
portion following  that  is  to  say-  For  one  share  and  not 
more  than  four,  one  Vote,  for  five  shares  and  not  more 
than  nine,  two  votes,  for  ten  Shares  and  not  more  than 
fourteen,  four  Votes,  for  fifteen  Shares  and  not  more 
than  nineteen,  Six  votes,  for  twenty  Shares,  and  not  more 
than  twenty  four,  eight  votes,  for  twenty  five  Shares  and 
not  more  than  twenty  nine,  ten  votes,  for  thirty  and  not 


32  MISSISSIPPI    TEKRITORIAL    AECHIVES. 

more  than  thirty  four,  twelve  Votes,  for  thirty  five  and 
not  more  than  thirty  nine  fourteen  Votes,  for  forty  and 
not  more  than  forty  four,  Sixteen  Votes,  for  forty  five 
and  not  more  than  forty  nine  eighteen  Votes,  for  fifty 
and  not  more  than  fifty  four,  twenty,  for  fifty  five  and  not 
more  than  fifty  nine  twenty  two  Votes,  for  Sixty  and  not 
more  than  sixty  four,  twenty  four  Votes,  for  Sixty  five 
and  not  more  than  Sixty  nine  twenty  Six  Votes,  for  Sev- 
enty and  not  more  than  Seventy  four  twenty  eight  Votes, 
for  Seventy  five  and  upwards  thirty  votes,  and  after  the 
first  Election  no  share  or  Shares  shall  confer  a  right  of 
Suffrage  which  shall  not  have  been  held  three  Calender 
months  previous  to  the  day  of  Election,  and  that  in  all 
Elections  Votes  may  be  given  either  in  person  of  by 
proxy  according  to  such  form  as  the  Directors  shall  es- 
tablish. 

And  be  it  further  ordained  that  if  there  should  be  a 
failure  in  the  pajnnent  of  any  part  of  any  sum  subscribed 
for  any  share  or  shares  by  any  person  Copartnership  or 
Body  Politic  the  party  failing  shall  loose  and  forfeit  all 
prior  pajanents  by  him  or  them  made  on  such  share  or 
shares  to  the  use  of  the  said  Bank. 

And  be  it  further  ordained,  that  for  the  Transaction 
of  all  Business  for  the  Said  Coporation  requiring  an  act 
of  the  Direction,  except  for  the  making  of  Discounts, 
seven  Directors  together  mth  the  President  or  in  case  of 
his  Sickness  or  absence  some  one  Director  appointed  by 
him  shall  be  a  quorum,  and  that  for  the  making  of  Dis- 
counts, four  Directors  and  the  President,  or  some  one 
appointed  by  him  shall  be  a  quorum. 

And  be  it  further  ordained,  that  in  case  it  should  at 
any  time  happen  that  an  Election  of  Directors  should  not 
be  made  upon  any  day  when  pursuant  to  this  ordinance 
it  ought  to  have  been  made,  the  said  Corporation  shall 
not  for  that  cause  be  deemed  to  be  dissolved,  but  it  shall 
be  lawful  on  any  other  day  to  hold  and  make  an  Election 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         33 

of  Directors  in  such  manner  as  shall  have  been  regulated 
by  the  laws  and  ordinances  of  the  said  Corporation. 

And  be  it  further  ordained,  that  the  Stock  of  the  said 
Corporation  shall  be  transferable  according  to  such  rules 
as  shall  be  established  by  the  Directors,  and  that  the  Bills 
and  notes  which  may  be  issued  by  the  Said  Corporation 
signed  by  the  President  and  Counter  signed  by  the  Cash- 
ier promising  the  payment  of  money  to  any  person,  his 
or  her  order  or  to  bearer  shall  be  binding  and  obligatory 
upon  the  Corporation  though  not  under  Seal  and  shall 
and  shall  be  assignable  and  negotiable,  that  is  to  say, 
those  which  are  payable  to  order  shall  be  assignable  and 
negotiable  by  endorsement,  and  those  which  are  payable 
to  bearer  shall  be  negotiable  and  assignable  by  delivery 
only. 

And  be  it  further  ordained,  that  whenever  the  Direc- 
tors shall  deem  it  expedient  they  may  increase  the  Capi- 
tal Stock  of  the  said  Corporation  to  two  Millions  of  Dol- 
lars and  may  Subscribe  or  cause  the  same  or  any  part 
thereof  to  be  subscribed  in  such  manner  and  on  such 
terms  as  to  them  may  seem  expedient  which  increase  of 
Capital  so  to  be  subscribed  shall  constitute  part  of  the 
Capital  Stock  of  the  said  Corporation  and  shall  be  trans- 
ferable in  like  manner  and  be  liable  to  the  same  regula- 
tions which  are  prescribed  for  the  shares  of  the  said  Cap- 
ital Stock. 

And  be  it  further  ordained,  that  the  said  Corporation 
shall  not  directly  or  indirectly  deal  or  Trade  in  any  thing 
except  promissory  Notes,  Bonds,  Mortgages,  Bills  of  Ex- 
change, Gold  or  Silver  Bullion,  or  in  the  Sale  of  goods, 
lands,  stock  in  the  public  funds,  or  effects  pledged  for 
money  lent  or  on  the  Produce  of  such  Lands. 

And  be  it  further  ordained  that  this  ordinance  shall 
continue  in  force  for  a  period  not  exceeding  sixteen  years, 

II— 3 


34  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

from  the  date  hereof,  unless  the  same  shall  be  renewed 
by  the  proper  constituted  Authorities. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  the  administra- 
tion, at  the  City  of  New  Orleans  the  twelfth  day  of  March 
eighteen  hundred  and  four  and  in  the  twenty  eighth  year 
of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

By  the  Governor 
[S.  L.]  ^        (Signed)        Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Jos.Briggs  P.  Sect. 


Ordinance  Regulating  Attorneys. 
An  Ordinance 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory  exercising  the  Powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

AVhereas  much  injury  to  suitors  and  confusion  in  Ju- 
dicial proceedings  may  ensue,  should  the  Duties  of  At- 
tornies  and  Counsellors  at  Law,  be  exercised  by  persons 
unqualified  for  so  important  a  Trust.  Therefore  be  it 
enacted  that  hereafter  no  person  shall  be  permitted  to 
Practise  as  an  Attorney  or  Counsellor  at  Law  in  any 
Court  now  established  in  this  City,  until  such  person 
shall  have  been  duly  licensed  to  that  effect  by  the  Gover- 
nor under  his  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  Administration 
and  shall  in  open  Court  take  the  following  oath.  I  A  B 
do  solemnly  Swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  and 
honestly  demean  myself  as  an  Attorney  and  Counsellor 
at  Law,  to  the  best  of  my  skill  and  judgment-  So  help 
me  God  -  Provided  Nevertheless  that  nothing  herein  con- 
tained shall  be  construed  to  prevent  suitors  from  man- 
aging and  pleading  their  o\^^l  causes  in  person. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  Administra- 
tion at  the  City  of  New  Orleans  the  thirtieth  day  of 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  35 

March  eighteen  hundred  and  four  and  in  the  twenty 
eighth  year  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America. 

By  the  Governor 
[S.  L.]  (Signed)        Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Jos.Briggs  P.  Sect. 


Pilot  Regulations 

An  Ordinance 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory  exercising  the  Powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

"Whereas  it  is  essential  to  the  safety  and  convenience 
of  the  Commerce  of  the  Port  of  New  Orleans,  that  some 
System  should  be  adopted  for  the  appointment  of  Suit- 
able Persons  as  Pilots  for  the  mouth  of  the  River  Mis- 
sissippi and  for  the  rates  of  Pilotage  for  the  same,  I  have 
thought  proper  to  make  and  Publish  the  following  regu- 
lations. 

1st.  No  Person  shall  act  as  a  Public  Pilot  for  the  Port 
of  New  Orleans,  or  be  authorised  to  Pilot  Vessels  in 
and  out  of  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  unless  he  shall 
have  obtained  a  License  to  that  effect  from  the  Gov- 
ernor. 
2nd.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Pilots  licensed  as  afore- 
said, to  provide  for  this  Service  one  boat  with  a  Deck 
or  half  Deck,  and  rigged  and  equipped  in  such  man- 
ner as  to  admit  of  cruising  off  the  Land,  as  the  oc- 
casion may  require,  and  also  each  of  the  said  Pilots 
shall  provide  one  or  more  suitable  boats  to  be  station- 
ed at  the  Balize  for  the  Dispatch  of  Vessels. 
3rd.  The  Pilots  shall  at  their  joint  expense  stake  out  or 
otherwise  designate  by  proper  marks  the  channel  ac- 


36  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

cross  the  Bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  shall 
from  time  to  time  replace  the  stakes  or  marks,  as  the 
same  may  be  removed  or  destroyed. 

4th.  Each  Pilot  shall  receive  two  Dollars  per  foot  for 
every  foot  of  Water  which  the  Vessel  by  him  Piloted 
may  draw  when  inward  bound,  and  one  Dollar  and  fif- 
ty cents  when  outward  bound. 

5th.  All  Vessels  refusing  to  receive  a  Pilot  shall  pay 
half  of  the  Pilotage  with  which  they  would  othermse 
be  charged,  to  the  Pilot  who  shall  first  offer  his  ser- 
vices. 

6th. 

If  a  Vessel  after  taking  a  Pilot  on  Board,  shall  be 
detained  by  the  0A\Tier,  consignee,  or  officer  command- 
ing the  same,  the  Pilot  shall  receive  at  the  rate  of  two 
Dollars  for  each  and  very  day  of  Such  detention. 

7th.  When  a  Pilot  shall  be  carried  to  sea,  contrary  to 
his  wishes,  from  whatever  cause  the  same  may  hap- 
pen, he  shall  receive  like  wages,  accomodations,  and 
provisions,  with  the  chief  mate  of  the  Vessel,  his 
wages  to  continue  till  his  return  to  the  Balize ;  and  the 
Pilot  shall  be  further  allowed  such  incidental  expences 
as  may  be  necessary  to  his  return,  and  the  Master  of 
the  Vessel,  owner,  and  consignee  thereof  or  either  of 
them  shall  be  held  responsible  for  the  claims  of  the 
Pilot. 

8th.  Each  and  every  Pilot  who  shall  have  been  guilty  of 
Misconduct  or  Neglect  of  duty  shall  be  fined  in  a  sum 
not  exceeding  two  hundred  dollars. 

9th.  All  claims  and  complaints  arising  under  this  ordi- 
nance, shall  be  made  knoA\m,  to  the  Collector  of  the 
Port,  who  (should  the  same  appear  to  him  of  Sufficient 
importance)  shall  refer  the  case  for  decision  to  one  of 
the  justices  or  conservators  of  the  Peace  in  and  for 
the  City  who  is  hereby  declared  to  have  cognizance 
thereof. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         37 

Given  under  my  hand,  and  the  Seal  of  the  administra- 
tion at  the  City  of  New  Orleans  the  fifteenth  day  of  March 
1804  and  in  the  28th  year  of  the  Independence  of  the 
United  States  of  America. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
By  the  Governor 
Joseph  Briggs 
P.  Sect. 


To  Laussat. 

New  Orleans  March  13th  1804 
Sir, 

I  acknowledge  the  Receipt  of  your  favour  of  this 
Morning,  and  have  the  Honour  to  assure  you  that  every 
thing  shall  be  done  with  the  view  of  rendering  complete 
Justice  to  the  French  Sailor  Peter  Louis  Francais  men- 
tioned in  your  Letter. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  the  highest  considera- 
tions of  Respect  Your  obdt.  Hbl.  St. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Laussat 
Commissioner  of  France 


To  Delatour. 

New  Orleans  March  15th  1804 
Sir, 

I  am  at  this  moment  engaged  in  preparing  regulations 
upon  the  Subject  of  Taverns,  and  various  other  objects 
of  Police,  which  will  be  transmitted  to  you  in  the  course 
of  a  few  days. 


38  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  mth  due  Kespect  and  con- 
sideration ,         V    i    U 
your  obd.  Hbl.  St. 

(Signed)  AVm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Delatour 
Commandant  of  the  Coast  below  the  Eiver. 


From  Gov.  Folch  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

New  Orleans  15th  March  1804 
Sir,  :      ) 

In  order  to  answer  your  Letter  of  7th  instant  with  due 
propriety,  and  according  to  the  Spirit  of  the  royal  orders 
prevailing  on  the  Subject,  I  consulted  the  Intendant  Mr. 
J  olm  V.  Morales  who  has  given  me  his  opinion  in  the  fol- 
lowing terms. 

My  opinion  Sir,  respecting  the  particulars  "related 
"in  Governor  Claibornes  Letter  to  you  is,  "that  we  can- 
"not  deviate  from  the  order,  given  to  us  by  his  Catholic 
"Majesty  which  I  have  transcribed  to  you  in  my  last  of 
"the  8th  Instant,  for  the  same  reason,  when  his  Excel- 
"lency  General  Wilkinson  requested  me  to  allow  the  pass 
"of  two  American  Vessels,  one  in  the  Spring  and  the 
"other  in  the  fall,  which  I  did  not  grant,  and  his  Majesty 
' '  approved  my  Conduct,  and  caused  the  Treaty  to  be  car- 
' '  ried  into  Execution. ' ' 

These  circumstances  will  convince  your  Excellency 
that  it  is  not  in  my  power  to  comply  with  your  request; 
however,  I  will  represent  the  case  to  the  King,  and  inform 
you  of  the  result  as  soon  as  possible. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  Respect  and  Consideration. 

(Signed)   V.  Foulch 
His  Excellency  Governor  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         39 

To  Henry  Dearborn. 

New  Orleans  March  15th  1804 
Sir, 

In  consequence  of  a  Letter  I  received  from  Mr.  Joseph 
Chambers,  the  United  States  Factor  at  Fort  St.  Stephens 
informing  me,  that  he  had  a  quantity  of  Peltry  &c  ready 
for  Exportation,  and  desiring  that  I  would  make  arrange- 
ments with  the  Spanish  Authorities  to  secure  to  articles 
to  and  from  the  Factory,  a  passage  free  from  interrup- 
tion or  duties,  I  addressed  to  the  Governor  of  West 
Florida  (who  is  now  in  this  City)  a  Letter  of  which  the 
enclosed  No.  1  is  a  Copy,  and  on  this  day,  I  received  an 
answer  of  which  number  2  is  a  Copy. 

From  these  documents  you  will  discover  that  the  In- 
terest of  the  Factory  is  in  a  measure  subjected  to  the 
caprice  of  a  Spanish  Officer,  but  I  trust,  this  difficulty  will 
soon  be  removed,  and  that  the  United  States  will  speedily 
occupy  all  the  Country  East  of  the  Mississippi  as  far  as 
the  River  Perdido :  to  that  River  we  have  an  undoubted 
right  claim  under  the  Treaty  of  the  30th  of  April  and  I 
trust  this  claim  will  be  maintained. 

Dr.  Dinsmore  writes  me,  that  the  Chactaws  continue 
well  disposed  and  that  the  Arts  of  Civilization  are  pro- 
gressing among  them.  The  Red-Bird  laid  out  the  $200 
which  were  given  him,  for  the  loss  of  his  relation,  in  im- 
plements of  husbandry  and  the  Family  are  perfectly  sat- 
isfied. 

I  understand  that  several  Tribes  of  Indians  West  of 
the  Mississippi  propose  holding  a  grand  Council  at  the 
Owzark  Town  on  the  first  day  of  June  next.     I  shall  send 


40  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

to  this  Council  a  Suitable  talk.     The  Spanish  Troops  will 
Embark  for  Pensacola  in  three  or  four  days. 
With  Esteem  and  Respect 
Your  Hbl.  St. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
Henry  Dearborne 
Sect,  of  War 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  15th  March  1804 
Sir, 

Two  Men  of  the  names  of  Sutton  and  May  were  lately 
convicted  in  the  Mississippi  Territory  of  Piracy  and 
Felony,  and  have  since  been  Executed.  These  Men  were 
two  of  Masons  Party,  who  committed  such  frequent  out- 
rages on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Wilderness 
road.  This  Banditti  had  become  a  terror  to  all  persons 
who  navigated  the  Mississippi  or  travelled  the  Wilder- 
ness road,  and  a  reward  of  four  hundred  dollars  for  ap- 
prehending them  was  offered  by  the  Secretary  of  War, 
and  five  hundred  dollars  by  myself,  in  my  character  as 
Governor  of  the  Territory —  Sutton  and  May  were  ar- 
rested previous  to  my  leaving  Natchez,  but  no  part  of  the 
reward,  has  I  believe  been  claimed.  The  Jail  in  which 
these  felons,  were  confined  being  very  insecure,  I  directed 
(with  a  view  to  their  safe  keeping)  a  guard  of  Militia  on 
constant  duty;  their  trial  was  necessarily  delayed  for 
some  months  but  they  were  lately  convicted  of,  and  exe- 
cuted for,  offences  committed  without  the  limits  of  the 
Territory  against  the  Laws  of  the.  I  therefore  think 
that  the  expense  attending  their  confinement  and  trial 
should  be  paid  by  the  United  States,  and  I  pray  you  Sir 


LETTEK  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        41 

to  ascertain  upon  this  Subject  the  opinion  of  accounting 
officers  of  the  Treasury. 

This  Expense  will  indeed  be  a  trifling  charge  against 
the  United  States,  but  if  it  should  devolve  upon  the  Ter- 
ritory, I  fear  it  will  prove  embarassing  to  her  Treasury, 
against  which  there  are  already  more  claims,  than  its 
present  resources  can  meet. 
Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  and  esteem. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Honble. 

James  Madison 
Sect,  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  March  16th  1804 
Sir, 

I  enclose  you  a  Copy  of  three  ordinances  which  I  lately 
passed,  one  of  which  contains  a  Charter  for  a  Bank. 
The  Establishment  of  a  Bank  in  this  City  was  much 
wished  for  by  the  inhabitants,  and  I  believe  will  prove  of 
great  utility:  but  I  must  confess  I  should  not  have  ven- 
tured upon  the  measure  from  these  considerations  alone. 
T  discovered  that  efforts  were  making  to  render  the  peo- 
ple discontented  with  the  present  state  of  things,  and  to 
impress  them  with  an  opinion  that  their  Interests  were 
not  attended  to  by  congress,  and  that  Louisiana  had 
gained  nothing  by  the  late  change. 

I  thought  these  efforts  were  likely  to  prove  Successful 
and  that  the  best  means  of  speedil}^  allaying  discontent, 
was  the  Passing  on  my  part  some  popular  ordinances. 
The  project  of  a  Bank  presented  itself,  and  the  measure 
received  my  sanction  from  the  best  of  motives,  the  sub- 
scriptions were  opened  on  this  day  and  I  am  told  near 


42  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

one  hundred  thousand  Dollars  was  Subscribed  in  a  few 
hours.  The  Establishment  is  a  novelty  here,  and  very 
pleasing  to  the  people.  I  was  um^illing  to  do  anj^thing 
which  would  require  permanency  and  thus  commit  the 
Government,  In  granting  a  Charter  therefore,  I  yielded 
reluctantly  to  existing  circumstances —  but  I  trust  the 
measure  will  be  viewed  as  perfectly  justifiable,  on  the 
ground  of  Political  expediency,  and  that  my  conduct  in 
this  particular  will  meet  the  Presidents  approbation. 

The  ordinance  in  relation  to  Pilots,  I  passed  on  the 
representation  of  a  Collector  of  the  Port  (Mr.  Trist)  in 
whose  prudence  and  judgment  I  have  great  confidence, 
and  there  is  no  doubt  but  this  measure  will  give  additional 
security  to  the  commerce  of  New  Orleans.  A  Lighthouse 
is  much  wanting  at  the  Balize,  it  would  tend  greatly  to  the 
safety  of  Vessels,  and  I  understand  a  very  elegible  situa- 
tion could  be  selected.  If  Congress  should  make  an  ap- 
propriation for  this  object,  I  believe  a  suitable  Building 
might  be  erected  in  two  or  three  months. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Honble. 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  March  16th  1804 
Sir, 

The  Meeting  of  which  I  advised  you  in  my  Letter  of 
the  10th  Instant  has  taken  place.  The  Assembly  was 
more  numerous  than  I  had  expected,  and  was  composed 
principally  of  respectable  Merchants  of  New  Orleans, 
and  Farmers  in  its  Vicinity,  but  few  Americans  were 
present. 

The  meeting  was  held  at  the  House  of  a  private  Gen- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  43 

tleman  and  conducted  with  some  Decorum.  Through  the 
polite  attention  of  a  Gentleman  who  attended  the  assem- 
bly at  my  request,  I  am  enabled  to  give  you  the  following 
particulars. 

Mr.  Bore  (the  Mayor  of  the  City)  presided  and  hav- 
ing called  to  order  he  submitted  to  the  meeting  proposi- 
tions to  the  following  effect.  ' '  That  this  Assembly  take 
the  necessary  measures  to  send  on  a  Commissioner  or 
Commissioners  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to 
represent  the  grievances  of  Louisiana,  but  especially  the 
desire  of  the  inhabitants  for  the  continuation  of  the  Slave 
trade,  and  their  great  Solicitude  for  Speedy  relief  from 
their  present  commercial  embarrassments."  The.  Presi- 
dent of  the  meeting  then  requested,  that  any  person  hav- 
ing other  propositions  to  offer  would  submit  them.  A 
Mr.  Detrion  a  Sugar  Planter,  then  took  from  his  Pocket 
a  paper,  and  read  to  the  Assembly  his  sentiments,  after 
Eulogizing  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  and  ex- 
pressing his  opinion  of  the  virtues  and  Talents  of  the 
President  he  proposed  "that  the  assembly  Authorize  the 
Commandants  of  the  different  Districts  to  call  the  inhabi- 
tants thereof  together  for  the  purpose  of  electing  Depu- 
ties to  convene  in  this  City  with  all  possible  dispatch  (the 
number  of  Delegates  from  each  District  and  from  the 
City  was  specified).  These  Deputies  to  have  authority 
to  Elect  two  of  their  Body  as  Commissioners  to  Congress, 
and  also  a  permanent  Committee,  whose  duty  should  be 
to  give  instructions  from  time  to  time  to  the  Commis- 
sioners, and  more  particularly  upon  the  Subjects  of  the 
Slave  trade,  and  the  present  Commercial  embarrass- 
ments ;  and  that  the  Governor  of  Louisiana,  be  requested 
to  use  his  influence  in  Support  of  these  measures. 

Mr.  Detrions  propositions  were  apparently  well  re- 
ceived and  the  approbation  of  the  company  expressed,  by 
a  very  general  clapping  of  hands.  Mr.  Tupper  (the  ad- 
venturer) who  had  imdted  the  meeting,  next  rose  and  ob- 


44  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

served  that ' '  there  seemed  but  little  difference  in  opinion ; 
he  had  thought  one  Commissioner  to  Congress  sufficient, 
but  if  two  was  preferred  he  had  no  objection  he  then  ex- 
patiated on  the  Burthens  and  oppressive  grievances 
under  which  the  people  of  Louisiana  laboured,  the  unfor- 
tunate consequences  which  might  attend  the  suppression 
of  the  Slave  Trade,  and  added,  that  Congress  was  too 
neglectful  of  the  important  interests  of  Louisiana  and  un- 
informed thereof,  and  that  the  people  should  take  some 
measures  to  give  the  Government  information,  and  con- 
cluded an  inflamatory  and  foolish  Speech  by  observing 
that  he  should  vote  for  Detrions  propositions." 

It  may  be  proper  here  k)  mention  that  while  this  Mr. 
Tupper  was  speaking  much  discontent  was  manifested, 
it  was  asked  by  some  French  Gentlemen,  "Who  is  this 
Man?  Who  has  authorized  him  to  speak  about  our  In- 
terests ?  Let  us  put  him  down. ' '  But  to  prevent  tumult 
he  was  permitted  to  proceed  without  further  interrup- 
tion. Doctor  John  Watkins,  who  had  attended  the  meet- 
ing with  a  view  of  using  his  best  efforts  to  give  a  proper 
direction  to  their  deliberations  next  claimed  attention, 
and  delivered  (in  the  opinion  of  several  Gentlemen  pres- 
ent) a  very  ingenious,  prudent  and  judicious  Speech. 
The  Doctor  in  his  Exordium  ''reminded  the  meeting  of 
his  situation  and  standing  in  this  Society,  and  declared 
his  interest  was  so  intimately  connected  with  the  happi- 
ness and  Welfare  of  Louisiana,  that  he  was  certain,  no 
one  could  believe  that  the  observations  he  should  make, 
proceeded  from  other  considerations  than  the  Public 
good.  He  then  took  a  general  view  of  the  former  and 
present  situation  of  the  Province,  suggested  a  doubt 
whether  this  meeting  was  not  in  itself  highly  improper 
and  stated  the  necessity  there  was  for  temperance  in  Dis- 
cussion, and  prudence  in  decision  and  deprecated  the  con- 
sequences which  might  arise  from  a  Contrary  conduct. 

Mr.  Detrions  propositions  were  much  disapproved  of 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         45 

by  the  Doctor,  he  pointed  out  their  disorganizing  tend- 
ency, enlarged  on  the  impropriety  of  inviting  general 
meetings  of  the  people,  the  public  agitation  which  such  a 
measure  might  produce,  and  the  scenes  of  tumult  which 
would  arise.  He  then  explained  to  the  meeting  some  of 
the  Principles  of  our  Government,  showed  the  necessity 
there  was  for  deliberation  in  the  framing  of  Laws,  and 
the  permanent  good  which  might  flow  from  measures,  not 
the  productions  of  the  moment  but  of  sound  reason  and 
mature  reflection  Upon  the  Slave-trade,  the  Doctor  ob- 
served that  it  was  one  of  which  the  Government  had  full 
information ;  that  the  wishes  of  the  people  upon  that  Sub- 
ect  had  already  been  conveyed  to  the  Seat  of  Government, 
in  the  official  communications  of  Governor  Claiborne,  and 
that  the  Decision  of  Congress  had  no  doubt  adready  taken 
place. 

If  however,  the  Citizens  were  desirous  of  conveying 
their  Sentiments  to  Congress  upon  the  Subjects  interest- 
ing to  the  Province  they  had  this  right,  and  all  he  wanted 
was  that  the  mode  of  doing  so  should  be  prudent  and  the 
manner  respectful."  The  Doctor  proposed  that  a  Com- 
mittee of  three  should  be  appointed,  to  draft  a  memorial 
to  Congress,  to  be  reported  to  their  next  meeting  and  that 
after  being  signed  by  such  Gentlemen  as  should  approve 
its  contents  it  be  transmitted  to  the  Governor,  with  the 
request  that  he  would  forward  the  same  to  the  General 
Government"  When  the  Doctor  had  finished  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  meeting  observed  'Hhat  this  was  a  French 
Assembly  and  altho  from  respect  for  the  last  speaker,  he 
had  not  prevented  him  from  delivering  his  sentiments  in 
English,  yet  he  trusted  the  example  would  not  be  fol- 
lowed, but  knowing  the  Gentleman  to  be  perfectly  master 
of  the  French  he  desired  him  to  speak  in  that  language ' ' 
to  which  request  the  Doctor  acceded,  and  again  rising  de- 
livered in  French,  nearly  the  same  Sentiments  which  he 
had  previously  done  in  English. 


46  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Doctor  Watkin's  speech  was  well  received  and  had  a 
great  effect.  Mr.  Detrion's  motion  which  had  excited 
such  general  plaudits  was  rejected,  not  a  single  person 
rising  in  its  favour,  and  Doctor  Watkins's  motion  was 
carried  unanimously.  The  Doctor,  a  Mr.  Mericult  and 
Mr.  Pitot  (two  respectable  Merchants  were  appointed 
the  Committee  to  draft  the  Memorial,  and  then  the  meet- 
ing broke  up  without  fixing  on  any  other  day  for  their 
assembling.  The  probability  therefor  is,  that  the  Com- 
mitte  will  not  frame  the  Memorial,  or  if  they  do,  that  the 
body  which  appointed  them  will  not  again  be  called  to- 
gether to  receive  it. 

I  am  well  pleased  with  the  issue  of  this  meeting,  the 
prime  mover  of  this  business  is  a  troublesome  Man  and 
if  he  had  talents  would  be  dangerous —  his  object  was 
to  be  appointed  the  Commissioner  to  Congress,  and  to 
gratify  his  ambition  he  cared  not  how  much  commotion 
was  excited  in  this  present  tranquil  District.     I  under- 
stand that  this  Mr.  Tupper  is  known  to  the  Northward  as 
a  Swindler,  and  that  a  Mr.  Moreton  a  Merchant  of  Bos- 
ton has  suffered  much  by  this  fraudulent  conduct.     Tup- 
per passes  here  for  a  man  of  fortune,  and  being  very 
much  of  a  Parisian  in  his  Manners  and  Politicks  has 
acquired  some  influence  among  the  uninformed  of  the 
French  Society.     I  hope  however,  that  his  real  character 
will  soon  be  knoA\Ti  and  that  he  will  sink  into  contempt. 
I  will  again  take  the  Liberty  to  observe,  that  the  continua- 
tion of  the  slave  trade  for  a  few  years  is  viewed  by  the  in- 
habitants as  essential  to  the  Welfare  of  this  Province, 
and  no  act  of  Congress  would  excite  more  discontent,  than 
an  immediate  Prohibition.     My  private  feelings  with  re- 
spect to  this  trade  it  is  not  necessary  to  express,  but  it 
seems  to  me,  to  be  my  duty  to  convey  to  the  President, 
the  mshes  and  Sentiments  of  the  inhabitants  upon  the 
Subjects  of  general  interest. 

The  Commercial  embarrassments  of  which  the  Mer- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE,        47 

chants  complain,  I  trust  will  speedily  be  removed,  and  I 
was  pleased  to  find  in  the  proceedings  of  Congress,  that 
provision  was  likely  to  be  made,  for  admitting  Citizens 
of  Louisiana,  to  obtain  Registers  for  their  Vessels.  This 
privilege  was  expected  and  will  be  highly  gratifying.  I 
believe  also,  that  the  Citizens  of  Louisiana  would  be  well 
pleased  in  having  some  voice  in  their  local  government, 
perhaps  the  mode  proposed  in  the  Senate  of  choosing 
forty  four  Delegates,  twenty  four  of  whom  shall  be  se- 
lected by  the  Governor  as  one  branch  of  the  Legislature 
might  be  pleasing,  and  if  this  Branch  had  the  power  of 
electing  a  Delegate  to  Congress  with  authority  to  speak, 
and  not  vote,  it  would  tend  still  more  to  conciliate  the 
confidence  of  the  people  in  the  general  Government. 

If  at  the  late  meeting,  the  general  wish  had  been  ex- 
pressed in  a  memorial,  I  am  sure  Congress  would  have 
been  solicited  to  give  the  people  some  voice  in  their  local 
Government  and  a  Delegate  to  Congress.  To  ascertain 
the  general  sentiments  of  the  District  on  interesting  Sub- 
jects at  any  other  time  than  the  present,  I  should  not  re- 
gret the  peoples  peaceably  assembling  together,  but  at 
this  particular  period,  when  the  state  of  things  is  unset- 
tled, and  there  are  yet  so  many  characters  in  the  Province, 
who  propose  speedily  withdrawing  from  it,  and  would 
take  delight  in  exciting  (previous  to  their  departure) 
tumult  and  disorder,  I  am  not  solicitous  for  any  public 
meetings. 

Perfect  good  order  prevails  in  this  City,  and  the  peo- 
ple generally  appear  to  be  in  a  fine  Humour.  The  re- 
flecting part  of  Society  are  much  occupied  with  the  Bank, 
and  the  young  and  giddy  are  engaged  in  a  charivari,  at 
the  expense  of  the  feelings  of  an  old  mdow,  who  has 
lately  married  a  young  man.  The  widow  was  a  Madame 
Don  Andre  whose  annual  income  is  about  forty  thousand 
Dollars,  and  the  young  Men  are  determined  to  prosecute 
the  Married  pair  with  charivari,  until  they  agree  to  give 


48  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

a  splendid  fete  to  the  genteel  part  of  Society,  and  one 
thousand  dollars  to  the  poor  of  the  City,  it  is  expected 
that  these  terms  will  be  acceded  to/ 

Accept  assurances  of  high  respect  and  consideration. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Sec.  State. 


From  Col  BellecJiasse  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

New  Orleans  13th  March  1804 
Sir, 

The  ill  state  of  my  Health,  the  insufficiency  of  my 
means,  and  above  all  the  impossibility  of  explaining  my- 
self in  the  English  Language  prove  to  me  that  I  cannot 
enjoy  the  Honour  your  Excellency  has  been  pleased  to 
confer  on  me  of  Colonel  Commandant  of  Militia.  I  beg 
leave  therefore  to  return  you  my  thanks,  and  hope  you 
will  accept  of  my  dismission,  with  a  tender  of  my  services 
whenever  you  may  find  proper  to  dispose  of  me. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  the  greatest  Respect 
your  Excellency's  most  obdt.  and  very  Hbl.  St. 

(Signed)    Bellechasse  Deville  Degoutier 
To  His  Excellency 
Governor  Claiborne 


From  P.  Dubigny  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

TT-     -c      n  New  Orleans  13th  March  1804 

His  Excellency 

The  Governor  General 

Sir, 

Finding  it  impossible  for  me  to  continue  any  longer  in 

the  office  of  Register  of  the  Municipality,  where  I  have 

*  Illustrating  the  amusement  loving  nature  of  the  people. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        49 

been  obliged,  these  two  months  past,  to  place  a  Deputy 
with  the  whole  care  of  the  Business,  and  I  beg  of  your 
Excellency  to  accept  of  my  dismission,  and  appoint  some 
other  person  in  my  stead.  In  the  mean  time  I  pray  your 
Excellency  to  be  convinced  that  this  resignation  does  not 
proceed  from  any  indifference  for  the  Public  Service,  but 
from  absolute  necessity,  and  powerful  motives. 
I  am  with  much  respect  Sir  your  Excellency's 
Most  obdt.  Hbl.  St. 

(Signed)       P.  Dubigny 


To  Col.  Bellechasse.^ 

New  Orleans  17th  March  1804 
Sir,  I  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  favor 
of  the  13th  instant  whereby  you  wish  me  to  accept  your 
resignation  of  the  appointment  of  Colonel  Commandant 
of  the  Militia,  in  reply  to  Avhich  you  must  permit  me  to 
observe  that  I  cannot  consent  at  this  time  to  your  with- 
drawing from  the  public  Service.  The  respect  which  I 
have  for  your  Talents  and  Character,  the  great  share  of 
public  esteem  and  confidence  which  you  enjoy,  and  the 
present  peculiar  situation  of  our  Country  urge  me  to 
claim  your  further  services. 

I  lament  that  my  official  communications  from  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  have  not  yet  put  it  in 
my  power  to  take  such  steps  as  I  could  have  wished  rela- 
tive to  the  organization  of  the  Militia,  and  such  as  must 
be  desired  by  you  and  all  the  officers  under  your  com- 
mand but  I  beg  leave  to  assure  you,  and  wish  you  to  re- 
peat this  assurance  to  your  officers  that  I  daily  expect 
information  upon  this  subject,  and  that  in  the  mean  time 


*  Colonel  of  militia,  see  Fortier's  Louisiana  for  many  references. 
II— 4 


50  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITOEIAL    ARCHIVES. 

they  are  to  consider  themselves  as  holding  under  my  au- 
thority the  same  Commissions  which  they  held  on  my  tak- 
ing possession  of  the  Government.  I  wish  you  to  observe 
to  them  also,  that  although  I  have  Commissioned  Officers 
to  three  or  four  Volunteer  Companies  in  this  City  it  has 
not  been  with  the  view  of  making  any  distinction  in  their 
situations,  nor  does  it  imply  any  preference  of  confidence, 
but  was  done  merely  with  the  design  to  enroll  a  number 
of  persons  in  the  Militia  who  under  the  former  Govern- 
ments were  attached  to  no  corps,  or  were  subject  to  any 
kind  of  military  duty  whatever. 

I  regret  that  when  you  were  last  in  Town  certain  cir- 
cumstances prevented  me  from  having  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  you,  and  particularly  so  as  I  Avas  informed  by 
Doctor  Watkins  that  you  wished  to  communicate  to  me 
some  particulars  relative  to  the  Public  Interest.  The 
Doctor  has  stated  them  to  me  in  substance  but  I  flatter 
myself  that  on  your  next  visit  to  Town  you  will  be  so 
obliging  as  to  inform  me  (in  person)  more  particularly). 
I  have  the  Honour  to  be  &c  &c 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Bellechasse 
Colonel  Commandant  of  Militia 


To  Mayor  Bore. 

New  Orleans  March  19th  1804 

To  the  Mayor  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
Several  Letters  of  the  7th  15th  and  19th  instants,  and  to 
thank  you  for  the  information  therein  contained  and  the 
demonstrations  of  your  watchfulness  for  the  preserva- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        51 

tion  of  order  and  good  police.  In  reply  to  the  first  which 
speaks  of  the  orders  given  to  the  Commandants  of 
Plaquemines  and  the  Bayou  St.  Johns  I  have  to  assure 
you  that  this  Subject  shall  be  immediately  taken  into  con- 
sideration, and  such  change  made  as  may  best  comport 
with  the  interest  of  the  individual  and  the  Safety  of  the 
Country  at  large.  As  to  the  particular  description  of  Ne- 
groes that  shall  or  shall  not  be  admitted  into  the  Country, 
and  the  means  of  making  the  discrimination,  it  is  a  power 
devolving  particularly  upon  myself  nor  can  I  transfer  it 
to  any  other  body.  You  may  be  assured  however  that 
such  measures  shall  be  taken  in  that  affair  as  may  be  best 
calculated  to  secure  the  public  good.  In  reply  to  your 
second  communication  wherein  you  request  me  to  name 
a  place  of  deposit  for  powder  &c  I  can  only  observe  that 
the  Government  not  permitting  the  erection  of  a  new 
Magazine  for  Powder,  I  shall  enquire  into  the  situation 
and  condition  of  the  different  Public  buildings  now  ex- 
isting here  and  should  there  be  one  found  suitable  to  that 
purpose  it  shall  be  subject  to  your  disposal. 

You  are  mistaken  when  you  remark  that  the  thirteen 
Negroes  alluded  to  in  your  Letter  were  sent  away  by  my 
orders,  as  this  transaction  happened  before  my  arrival  in 
the  Country.  I  was  however  informed  some  time  since, 
of  the  entry  of  a  parcel  of  Negroes  by  the  way  of  La 
fourche  and  of  their  improper  conduct  probably  the  same 
to  which  you  alluded,  and  have  already  given  such  in- 
structions relative  thereto  as  the  peace  and  Safety  of 
the  country  required. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  considerations  of  Re- 
spect &  Esteem 

Your  obdt.  St. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Bore  Mayor 


52  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITORIAL    ARCHIVES.   _. 

New  Orleans  March  20th  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans. 
Sir, 

I  received  a  few  days  since  Mr.  Dubigny's  resignation 
of  the  Office  of  Secretary  of  the  Municipality  and  not 
wishing  to  fill  his  vacancy  without  consulting  that  body, 
I  have  addressed  to  you  this  letter,  and  request  that  you 
would  nominate  to  me  a  person  who  would  be  most  ac- 
ceptable to  the  Municipal  Corps  as  their  Secretary. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  ^^ith  consideration  of  Esteem 
and 

respect 

Your  obdt,  St. 
(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Bore  Mayor  &c. 


To  Joseph  Chambers. 

New  Orleans  21st  March  1804 
To  Joseph  Chambers 

United  States  Factor 

Fort  St.  Stephens 
Sir, 

I  enclose  you  a  copy  of  my  correspondence  with  Gov- 
ernor Folch,  relative  to  a  free  passage  for  Goods  &c  to 
and  from  the  Factory,  from  which  you  mil  perceive,  that 
some  difficulties  may  probably  attend  the  Establishment. 
I  advise  however,  that  you  immediately  make  arrange- 
ments to  export  your  Peltry  to  this  City  or  to  the  United 
States  as  may  be  most  convenient ;  if  duties  are  demanded 
it  may  be  adviseable  to  pay  the  same,  not  however  with- 
out making  a  formal  protest  against  the  proceeding:  in 
which  protest  it  must  be  particularly  stated  ''that  the 
property  on  which  duties  have  been  exacted,  is  the  prop- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        53 

erty  of  the  United  States,  and  that  you  conceive  a  duty 
thereon  is  an  unfriendly  and  improper  proceeding. 

Taking  it  for  granted  that  you  cannot  leave  Fort 
Stoddart  yourself,  I  desire  that  you  furnish  the  person 
to  whom  you  commit  the  Peltry  &c  with  a  certificate 
' '  Stating  the  Property  as  belonging  to  the  United  States, 
and  also  with  a  proper  protest  in  the  event  that  duties 
should  be  exacted.  I  believe  however  that  your  certifi- 
cate, stating  the  property  as  belonging  to  the  United 
States,  will  secure  to  it  a  free  passage. 

I  wish  you  Health  and  happiness 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Col.  Bellechasse. 

New  Orleans  March  22nd  1804 
Sir, 

Since  the  date  of  my  Letter  to  you  of  the  17th  instant 
I  have  received  instructions  from  the  President  of  the 
United  States  relative  to  the  organization  of  the  Militia. 
I  therefore  request  the  favour  of  your  presence  at  the 
Government  House  so  soon  as  you  may  find  it  convenient. 
I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  considerations  of  respect 
Your  obdt.  St. 
^  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Bellechasse 

Colo.  Commandant  of  Militia 


To  St.  Amand. 

New  Orleans  March  22nd  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
favour  of  the  20th  instant  in  which  you  inform  me  of 


54  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

your  having  authorized  Mr.  John  Hutchinson  to  keep  a 
Tavern  and  Billiard  Table  in  your  District.  In  so  doing 
you  have  my  entire  approbation  and  under  the  instruc- 
tions which  you  will  shortly  receive  from  me  containing 
some  regulations  for  the  general  police  of  the  Country, 
you  will  have  it  in  your  power  to  continue  Mr.  Johnston 
in  that  employ.  I  regret  the  circumstance  of  your  indis- 
position, and  have  to  assure  you  that  whenever  you  may 
come  to  Town,  I  shall  be  happy  in  having  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  you. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  respect  and  esteem 
Your  obdt.  Srt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  St.  Amand 
The  Commandant  of  the  first  German  Coast 


From  H.  Dearborn  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  February  20th  1S04 
Sir, 

The  new  organization  of  the  corps  of  the  Freemen  of 
Colour,  in  and  about  New  Orleans,  being  a  subject  of 
some  delicacy,  has  been  maturely  considered  with  the 
several  bearings  of  which  it  is  susceptible,  and  it  has 
been  ultimately  decided,  that  under  existing  circum- 
stances it  will  be  expedient  either  to  continue  or  renew 
the  organization,  as  may  in  your  excellency's  opinion  be 
most  proper.  It  will  be  prudent  not  to  increase  the 
Corps,  but  diminish,  if  it  can  be  done  without  giving  of- 
fense, the  principal  officers  should  be  selected  with  cau- 
tion, having  regard  to  respectability  and  integrity  of 
character,  as  well  as  their  popularity  and  influence 
among  their  associates. 

It  may  be  advisable  to  present  them  with  a  Standard 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        55 

or  Flag  as  a  token  of  confidence  placed  in  them  by  the 
Government ;  it  need  not  be  large  or  very  expensive,  but 
such  as  will  be  satisfactory  to  the  corps,  if  a  silk  one 
should  be  deemed  necessary  I  presume  it  can  be  painted 
at  New  Orleans,  otherwise  it  may  be  made  of  Buntin  like 
the  Flags  for  Sea  Service.  The  organization  of  the  sev- 
eral companies  of  Militia,  noted  in  your  Excellency's  Let- 
ter to  the  Secretary  of  State  merits  the  fullest  approba- 
tion of  the  President  of  the  United  States.  It  is  pre- 
sumed the  Spanish  Troops  will  have  left  New  Orleans 
and  its  dependencies  before  this  reaches  you,  together 
with  the  officers  both  Civil  and  Military,  if  however  the 
whole  shall  not  have  departed,  you  will  please  to  have  re- 
course to  such  prudent  and  reasonable  Measures,  as  the 
nature  of  the  case  may  require,  for  effecting  a  complete 
evacuation  of  the  Territory  by  said  officers  and  Troops 
as  soon  as  practicable. 

There  can  be  no  reasonable  objection  on  the  part  of 
the  Spanish  officers  to  a  complete  evacuation  of  the  Ceded 
Territory  within  three  months  at  furthest  after  posses- 
sion was  taken  by  the  French  Government.  "It  having 
been  decided  that  no  Vessel  either  American  or  foreign 
ought  to  pass  up  the  river  without  paying  duties  at  the 
Port  of  entry  to  New  Orleans  and  as  it  is  possible  some 
armed  Vessel  may  attempt  to  pass,  it  will  be  expe- 
dient, to  have  every  such  armed  Vessel  detained  at 
Plaquemines  until  she  shall  be  reported  to  you,  who 
will  adopt  such  prudent  steps  as  the  nature  of  the 
case  may  require,"  and  I  flatter  myself  you  mil 
be  sensible  of  the  propriety  of  avoiding  as  much  as 
possible  every  cause  of  offence  either  to  the  Spanish  Gov- 
ernment, its  Officers  or  Subjects.  A  Bill  has  passed  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States  and  will  immediately  be 
taken  up  in  the  House  of  Representatives  for  the  estab- 
lishing temporary  forms  of  Government  for  the  Lower 
and  upper  Louisiana,  which  I  hope  will  soon  become  a 


56  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL,    ARCHIVES. 

Law  and  prove  satisfactory  to  the  inliabitants  of  that 
Country. 

Lieutenant  Colonl.  Freeman'  mth  three  additional 
companies  of  artillerists,  will  I  presume  arrive  at  New 
Orleans  in  all  the  month  of  April,  which  it  is  believed  will 
with  the  Militia  Corps  in  addition  to  the  Troops  now 
there,  form  a  sufficient  force  to  secure  the  tranquility  of 
the  Country.  If  General  Wilkinson  should  not  have  left 
New  Orleans  before  this  reaches  you,  I  will  thank  you  to 
request  him  to  issue  the  necessary  orders  to  the  Com- 
manding officer  at  Plaquemines,  relative  to  any  armed 
Vessel  that  may  enter  the  River,  which  should  be  re- 
tained at  that  Post  until  reported  as  before  mentioned. 
I  am  very  Respectfully 

Your  Hbl.  St. 
(Signed)  H.  Dearborn 

His  Excellency 
Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


From  James  Madison  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  Feby  20th  1804 
Department  of  State 
Sir, 

Since  my  last  I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  17th 
of  January,  with  two  from  yourself  and  Genl.  Wilkin- 
son on  the  16th  and  17th  January  and  the  other  papers 
enclosed.  The  arrival  of  the  French  Troops  and  Passen- 
gers is  a  circumstance  to  be  regretted  on  several  ac- 
counts. The  Steps  taken  and  contemplated  in  conse- 
quence of  it  are  approved  by  the  President,  and  it  is  hop- 
ed will  lead  to  a  Satisfactory  result.  I  have  communi- 
cated the  subject  to  Mr.  Pichon,  who  is  disposed  to  free 


^For  military  record  see  Heitman,  Vol,  1,  p.  435. 


.  LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  57 

the  United  States  as  far  as  he  can  from  the  Burden  of 
supporting  these  objects  of  humanity  as  well  as  to  pro- 
mote their  departure. 

The  Bill  providing  a  Government  for  Louisiana  is 
still  depending.  That  relating  to  its  commerce  and  Navi- 
gation has  passed,  and  will  be  of  course  transmitted  from 
the  Treasury  department.  You  will  learn  from  General 
Dearborn  the  views  of  the  President  on  the  subjects  con- 
nected with  the  War  Department. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be,  Sir  with  great  Respect 
Your  obd.  St. 

(Signed)  James  Madison 
His  Excellency 
Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


From  Gideon  Granger  to  Gov,  Claiborne. 

Washington  February  20th  1804 
General  Post  office 
Sir, 

Your  Draft  of  the  18th  November  last  in  favour  of 
Ferdinand  L.  Claiborne  for  Q&Q  66-100  Dollars  has  this 
day  been  presented  and  paid.  But  as  it  is  more  properly 
an  expense  of  the  War  Department  and  as  there  is  no 
Provision  by  law  authorizing  such  a  charge  in  the  Post 
Master  Generals  accounts  at  the  Treasury  you  will  be 
pleased  to  transmit  to  me  your  draft  for  the  same  sum  on 
the  Secretary  of  War  (with  whom  I  have  conversed  on 
the  Subject)  to  reimburse  this  office  for  the  payment 
which  has  now  been  made. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  Much  Respect  Sir 

Your  obd.  St. 

(Signed)      Gideon  Granger 
His  Excellency 
Governor  Claiborne 


58  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Gen.  Wilhinson. 

New  Orleans  22nd  March  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  enclose  yon  an  Extract  of  a  Let- 
ter from  the  Secretary  of  War  to  me,  dated  on  the  20th 
ultimo,  and  to  reciuest  that  you  would  issue  the  neces- 
sary orders  to  the  Commanding  officer  at  Plaquemine. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
Your  obd.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C,  C.  Claborne 
General  Wilkinson 


To  Henry  Dearborn. 

New  Orleans  22nd  March  1804 
Sir, 

I  received  on  yesterday  your  Letter  of  the  20th  ulti- 
mo, and  you  may  rely  upon  my  careful  attention  to  its 
contents.  The  recognition  of  the  Militia  Corps  com- 
posed of  the  People  of  Colour,  is  certainly  under  exist- 
ing circumstances  the  wisest  Course  to  pursue,  and  I 
shall  take  pleasure  in  executing  your  orders  in  relation 
to  them. 

The  Spanish  Troops  are  not  withdrawn  but  prepara- 
tions for  an  evacuation  are  apparently  in  great  forward- 
ness, and  the  Spanish  officers  have  assured  me  that  a 
movement  will  take  place  in  a  few  days.  General  Wilk- 
inson is  still  in  Orleans,  he  awaits  the  evacuation  by  the 
Spaniards  and  the  delivery  of  the  Public  buildings :  I 
communicated  to  the  General  your  instructions  relative 
to  the  detaining  of  armed  Vessels  at  Plaquemine,  and  the 
necessary  orders  will  be  issued. 

Previous  to  my  departure  from  Natchez  I  informed 
you,  that  I  had  incurred  some  expense  for  the  equipment 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        59 

and  comfort  of  the  Mississippi  Militia ;  I  now  enclose 
Major  Claiborne's  account  against  me  for  the  articles 
furnished  and  I  wish  to  be  informed  whether  I  may  draw 
on  you  for  the  amount.  The  Scarlet  Cloth  is  an  item  in 
the  account,  which  I  do  not  like,  nor  was  the  article  fur- 
nished by  my  order,  the  cloth  was  used  for  Ledgings  for 
the  riflemen,  and  I  understand  was  particularly  desired 
by  the  men,  the  other  items  I  recognize,  they  were  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  a  convenient  movement  of  the  Militia. 
I  have  paid  to  Major  Claiborne  Five  hundred  Dollars  on 
account  and  drawn  that  sum  from  the  fund  allowed  me 
for  the  taking  possession  of  Louisiana.  I  do  not  know 
whether  the  account  should  be  wholly  paid  out  of  this 
fund,  or  by  Bills  on  the  War  Department  and  therefore 
Solicit  your  opinion  thereon. 

There  is  another  Subject  in  relation  to  the  Mississippi 
Militia,  which  it  is  my  duty  to  mention,  A  Captain  Dim- 
can  who  commanded  a  Company  on  the  expedition  pro- 
cured for  his  Men  (upon  his  owti  Credit)  uniform  cloth- 
ing, previous  to  their  marching  from  Natchez.  On  the 
arrival  of  the  Militia  at  Fort  Adams  the  Volunteers  (ex- 
cepting Duncans  Company)  were  furnished  with  regi- 
mentals from  the  Public  Stores,  of  which  they  stood  in 
great  need  to  render  their  appearance  respectable  and 
their  situation  comfortable,  for  the  weather  was  cold  and 
the  Men  very  thinly  clad.  Duncans  Men  who  had  become 
personally  answerable  to  him  for  their  clothing,  seeing 
that  the  other  Volunteers  had  clothing  given  them,  con- 
sidered themselves  no  longer  accountable  to  their  Cap- 
tain, and  have  left  him  or  the  Government  to  settle  the 
account. 

I  wish  the  Executive  would  permit  me  to  pay  Dun- 
can out  of  the  fund  allowed  for  taking  possession  of 
liouisiana ;  the  Sum  he  claims  is  not  more  I  believe  than 
three  hundred  Dollars,  and  I  should  indeed  be  sorry  that 
he  should  lose  it. 


60  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

I  have  no  more  Militia  expences  to  enumerate;  they 
have  been  greater  than  I  had  expected  and  no  man  re- 
grets it  more  than  I  do :  the  disbursements  however  were 
made  with  a  view  to  the  Public  interest  and  as  far  as  was 
in  my  power  a  prudent  economy  has  been  observed.  But 
the  speedy  raising  and  marching  of  Troops,  leaves  little 
time  for  economical  arrangements,  and  will  always  be  at- 
tended with  increased  expenditures. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  and  high  considera- 
tion 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  I  drew  a  Bill  some  time  ago  in  favour  of  Major 
Claiborne  on  the  Post  Master  General  for  six  hundred 
and  sixty  six  dollars  and  sixty  six  cents,  on  account  of 
his  contract  for  carrying  the  Express  Mail  from  Natchez 
to  New  Orleans,  which  Bill  the  Post  Master  General  has 
paid,  but  has  requested  that  I  would  forward  to  him  a  Bill 
on  you  for  that  amount  being  of  opinion  that  the  charge 
more  properly  belonged  to  your  Department  and  which 
I  shall  do. 

Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
TheHonble. 
Henr}^  Dearbourn 
Secty.  of  War. 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  24  March  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  20th  ultimo  and 
which  is  the  only  communication  from  you  that  has 
reached  me,  since  my  arrival  here,  and  even  this  was  not 
permitted  to  Pass  without  being  perused  by  some  aban- 
doned person,  for  the  Seal  was  broken  when  it  was  handed 
me.    It  will  indeed  be  a  difficult  task  to  discover  where 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  61 

the  abuses  in  the  Post  Department  are  committed,  but 
they  of  late  have  been  so  great,  that  I  consider  the  con- 
veyance hy  Post  from  this  City  to  Washington  as  very 
precarious  and  unsafe. 

If  my  communications  have  reached  you  regularly 
there  has  been  no  event  of  any  importance  in  this  Prov- 
ince, of  which  you  are  not  advised,  and  at  present  I  have 
only  to  add,  that  perfect  good  order  and  tranquility  pre-^ 
vail  in  New  Orleans,  and  as  far  as  I  can  learn  throughout 
the  Province.  The  Law  relating  to  the  Commerce  and 
Navigation  of  Louisiana,  has  not  yet  been  received  by 
me,  nor  are  its  contents  known  here,  its  arrival  is  awaited 
with  great  anxiety,  and  I  persuade  myself  that  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Law  will  be  satisfactory. 

The  Spanish  forces  are  not  yet  withdrawm,  and  we  are 
still  deprived  of  the  use  of  the  Public  Stores  and  a  part 
of  the  Barracks ;  Mr.  Laussat  has  from  time  to  time  been 
entreated  to  enforce  an  observance  of  the  Treaty  relative 
to  an  evacuation,  and  we  have  as  often  been  assured  that 
the  Spaniards  were  making  preparations  for  a  departure. 
These  preparations  are  still  continued,  but  they  progress 
infinitely  too  slow  to  suit  the  interest  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Laussat  proposes  to  leave  this  City  in  a  very  few 
days,  but  I  know  not  the  place  of  his  destination,  I  shall 
indeed  rejoice  when  all  the  foreign  agents  and  their  de- 
pendants are  gone.  The  Government  may  then  be  easily 
administered,  and  the  preservation  of  good  order  will  be 
attended  with  no  difficulty.^ 

General  Wilkinson  is  still  here,  and  I  believe  will,  not 
depart  until  the  Spanish  Troops  are  withdrawn,  and  the 
Public  Buildings  delivered ;  w^hen  this  will  happen,  I  can- 
not certainly  say,  but  if  there  is  any  confidence  to  be  given 

^  The  continued  presence  of  the  former  executives  of  Spain  and 
France  made  Claiborne's  position  unusually  difficult,  but  the  real  seat 
of  the  trouble  lay  in  the  feelings  of  pride  of  race  and  nation. 


62  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

to  tlie  Spanish  Officers,  a  final  evacuation  will  take  place 
in  a  few  days. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  high  con- 
sideration 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 
Extract  of  a  Letter  from  Governor  Claiborne  to  the  Post 

Master  General  Dated  New  Orleans  24  March  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  20th  Ultimo  I  have  received,  and 
am  Thankful  to  you  for  honouring  my  Draft  of  the  18th 
of  November  for  Six  hundred  and  Sixty  Six  Dollars 
Sixty  Six  Cents,  and  agreeably  to  your  request  I  enclose 
you  a  Bill  on  the  Secretary  of  War  for  the  same  sum.    &c 


To  Beverly  Chew. 

New  Orleans  24  March  1804 
Mr.  Beverly  Chew 
Sir, 

Understanding  from  your  Letter  to  me,  that  the  Sad- 
dle bags  used  by  the  Post-Rider  from  this  City  to  Natchez 
is  not  sufficiently  large  to  contain  the  Mail,  I  must  ask  the 
favour  of  you  to  procure  a  larger  pair,  and  to  pay  the 
cost  thereof  out  of  monies  you  may  receive  on  the  Post- 
age of  Letters. 

With  Respect  and  Esteem 
Your  obdt.  Set. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        63 

To  Cato  West. 

New  Orleans  24  March  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  15th  Instant  I  have  had  the  pleas- 
ure to  receive.  If  Major  Cook  wishes  to  visit  any  part 
of  Louisiana,  a  passport  from  the  Commandant  at  Con- 
cord (Major  Claiborne)  will  secure  him  a  free  and  safe 
passage.  He  may  trade  with  the  inhabitants  of  Louisi- 
ana for  Horses  or  any  thing  else,  but  I  cannot  permit  him 
to  go  into  the  Indian  Towns  or  to  pass  into  the  Spanish 
Dominions  as  a  trader. 

I  do  not  think  this  kind  of  trade  can  at  present  be  car- 
ried on,  without  endangering  the  peace  of  the  Frontiers, 
and  the  good  understanding  which  exists  between  the 
LTnited  States  and  his  Catholic  Majesty.  Such  however 
is  mj  disposition  to  serve  Major  Cook  (of  whom  I  have  a 
good  opinion)  that  if  he  would  select  any  out  Post  in 
Louisiana  for  his  residence  I  will  grant  him  a  License  to 
trade  with  the  Indians  who  might  visit  such  Post.  Per- 
fect tranquility  prevails  in  this  City  and  as  far  as  I  can 
learn  throughout  the  Province. 

Accept  my  best  wishes. 

I  am  D.  Sir  Yery  Respectfully 
Your  obdt.  Set. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Cato  West  Esqr. 
Sect,  of  the  Mississippi  Territory 


To  Albert  Gallatin. 

New  Orleans  25  March  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  enclose  3^ou  a  statement  of  my 
Public  Account  up  to  this  day.     You  will  discover  that 


64  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

some  of  my  payments  have  been  on  account  and  one  in  ad- 
vance, which  I  suppose  \s"ill  prevent  for  the  present  a 
Settlement  at  the  Treasury  Department,  but  I  was 
anxious  to  forward  you  the  vouchers,  in  order  that  you 
might  be  informed  of  the  extent  of  my  expenditures. 
The  pajTiient  made  to  Major  Claiborne  for  Sundry  Sup- 
plies furnished  the  Mississippi  Militia  I  presume  will 
be  more  properly  chargeable  to  the  War  Department,  and 
on  this  point  I  have  consulted  the  Secretary. 

You  will  observe  that  I  have  paid  Decius  Wadsworth^ 
three  hundred  dollars  on  account :  it  may  be  necessary  to 
mention  that  Major  AVadsworth  has  acted  as  Secretary 
to  the  American  Commissioners,  and  has  really  had  ardu- 
ous duties  to  perform.  Our  Correspondence  with  Mr. 
Loussat  has  been  Voluminous,  and  Major  Wadsworth 
from  his  accurate  knowledge  of  the  French  language  has 
been  useful  to  us  in  translating  Mr.  Laussats  letters.  It 
seemed  to  the  General  and  myself  very  just,  that  Major 
Wadsworth  should  be  allowed  something  for  his  services, 
and  I  have  determined  to  pay  him  at  the  rate  of  four  Dol- 
lars Per  Diem.  You  will  observe  that  there  is  a  balance 
remaining  in  my  hands  of  $1232.51:  the  fact  is  that  I 
have  expended  nearly  the  whole  of  this  sum  in  providing 
furniture  for  the  Government  House  but  I  shall  hereafter 
account  for  this  balance,  by  charging  for  my  extra  ex- 
pences  as  Governor  &c  &c  pro  tem.  of  Louisiana,  at  the 
rate  of  four  hundred  dollars  Per  Month  and  for  Avhicli 
sum  I  was  authorized  (by  a  Letter  from  the  Secretary  of 
State)  to  draw  on  the  Secretary  of  AYar;  but  I  have 
omitted  doing  so,  thinking  that  it  would  be  equally  satis- 
factory to  the  Executive,  that  I  should  draw  my  compen- 
sation out  of  the  ten  thousand  Dollars  fund,  provided  it 
should  prove  sufficient  for  that  object,  and  to  defray  be- 


'  See  Heitman,  VoL  1,  p.  991. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        65 

sides  the  contingent  expences  of  the  Temporary  Govern- 
ment. 

With  Esteem  and  Respect,  I  am  Sir 
Your  most  obdt.  Set. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honorable 
Albert  Gallatin 
Sect,  of  the  Treasury 

Note. —  By  the  account  forwarded  in  the  above  Letter, 
it  appeared  that  I  had  received  four  thousand  four  hun- 
♦  dred  Dollars  from  the  Collector  of  the  Revenue  three 
thousand  one  hundred  and  Sixty-seven  dollars  and  forty 
nine  cents  of  which  I  had  expended  for  contingent  ex- 
pences of  the  temporary  Government  in  Louisiana  as  ap- 
peared by  the  vouchers  transmitted,  leaving  a  Balance 
against  me  of  twelve  hundred  and  thirty  two  Dollars  fifty 
one  cents,  my  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  mil 
shew  in  what  manner  I  propose  accounting  for  this  bal- 
ance. I  left  Natchez  on  the  first  of  December,  on  which 
day  my  monthly  allowance  ought  and  no  doubt  Avill  be 
construed  to  have  commenced.  On  the  last  day  of  this 
month  therefore  there  will  be  due  me  Sixteen  hundred 
Dollars,  which  will  bring  the  Government  in  Debt  to  me. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Laussat. 

New  Orleans  26th  March  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  yesterday  respecting 
Mr.  Gaurand,  the  motives  of  humanity  which  have  in- 
duced the  request  you  make  united  to  my  desire  of  doing 
what  may  be  agreeable  to  you  have  influenced  me  to  give 
him  the  License  he  desires. 

II— 5 


66  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  Respect,  accompanied 
■\\'ith  my  best  wishes  for  your  Health  and  happiness. 

(Signed)  AYm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Laussat. 


To  Laussat. 

New  Orleans  26th  March  1804 
Sir, 

I  hasten  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  Letter  of 
this  day  relative  to  the  French  Sailor  Jaques  Griffon,  on 
Board  the  armed  Brig  Martin  from  Kingston,  and  to  in- 
form you,  that  the  Captain  has  already  received  from 
me,  orders  to  deliver  to  the  said  Sailor  all  his  cloathes, 
to  pay  him  the  amount  of  wages  justly  due  him,  and  to 
give  him  his  discharge,  all  of  which  will  be  promptly  exe- 
cuted. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  Respectful  consideration! 
(Signed)  "Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Laussat. 


M.  Laussat  .      '      ''         f   ^"'"1 

Connnissioner  of  France,  &. 

Protest  against  the  French  Priveteer  La  Coquette 
Be  it  kno^^^l  to  all  men  by  these  presents,  that  on  the 
twenty  fourth  day  of  March  1804,  before  me,  Israel  E. 
Trask,  duly  commissioned  Notary  imhiic  in  and  for  the 
City  of  New  Orleans,  personally  came  and  appeared 
Thomas  Bailey;  who  being  duly  sworn  did  depose  and 
Say,  that  he  Thomas  Bailey  Merchant,  Citizen  of  the 
LMted  States,  and  resident  at  Charles  ToA^Tl,  South  Car- 
olina, being  in  the  American  Brig  Columbia,  Commanded 
by  William  Torrey,  originally  bound  from  Charlestown 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         67 

to  Cartliag-ena,  with  a  Cargo  of  Dry  Goods  and  provi- 
sions, and  last  from  the  Port  of  Gonaives,  from  whence 
they  escaped  in  the  night,  after  having  been  robbed  by 
the  blacks  of  a  Considerable  part  of  their  provisions,  and 
then  bonnd  to  Jamaica  for  provisions  and  water,  that  on 
or  about  the  seventh  da}^  of  February  last,  being  as  near 
as  the  Deponent  can  conjecture,  between  Cape  Donna 
Maria,  and  Jamaica,  they  were  chased  fired  at,  and 
brought  to,  b}^  a  Schooner  under  French  Colours,  by 
whom  the  Captain  of  the  Columbia  was  ordered,  to  get 
out  his  Boat,  and  immediately  came  aboard,  this  order 
the  Captain  was  forced  to  comply  with,  and  accordingly 
hoisted  out  his  Boat,  and  sent  in  her  his  Mate,  with  the 
Brigs  papers ;  in  a  short  time  the  boat  returned,  manned 
with  a  French  Prize  Master  and  Crew,  who  as  soon  as 
they  stepped  on  board  began  to  xolunder  the  Vessel  and 
abuse  the  Captain  and  crew,  calling  them  Coqu'me  Amer- 
icames,  and  loaded  them  with  epithets  too  scurrillous  and 
obscene  to  be  repeated,  casting  at  the  same  time  the  most 
abusive  reflections,  upon  the  American  Government  and 
National  Character. 

The  Prize-Master  during  these  Outrages,  had  his 
Sabre  drawn,  threatening  the  Captain  to  put  him  to 
Death,  and  after  treating  them  in  this  manner,  with  the 
most  AVanton  insult,  and  loading  them  with  the  most  op- 
probrious epithets,  forced  them  with  all  the  Crew,  except 
three  Sick  Sailors,  into  the  Boat,  without  allo^^ing  the 
Ofifieers  or  the  deponent  to  go  into  the  Cabin,  or  Suffering 
them  to  take  the  least  article  of  dress.  The  deponent 
further  saith  that  on  going  on  Board  the  Schooner,  he 
found  her  to  be  La  Coquette,  a  French  Privateer  of  two 
Guns  and  eighty  Men,  Commanded  by  Captain  Bucher 
(who  ranks  himself  as  Captain  De  Frigate)  fitted  out 
from  New  Orleans  who  carried  the  Columbia  to  St.  lago 
de  Cuba  where  the  Deponent  found  about  fifty  sail  of 
American  Prizes,  as  Avell  in  ward  as  outw^ard;  the  Cap- 


68  MISSISSIPPI    TEERITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

tains  of  which  informed  the  Deponent  that  their  Cargoes 
had  been  plundered,  their  Vessels  stripped,  and  then  Bal- 
last introduced  into  them  after  which  they  put  to  sea  with 
a  French  crew,  for  the  purpose,  as  the  Deponent  was  in- 
formed, and  actually  believes,  of  sinking  them. 

The  Deponent  further  saith,  that  upon  demanding  of 
Captain  Bucher  the  restoration  of  the  Vessel  or  a  Con- 
denmation,  he  was  answered  by  Captain  Bucher  that  the 
Vessel  and  Cargo  belonged  to  him  and  that  no  condem- 
nation could  be  had  at  St.  lago,  but  that  he  could  go  on 
Board  the  Brig  and  would  restore  to  the  Deponent  his 
Papers,  Desk  Cloathes,  &c  but  on  the  Deponent  going  on 
Board  for  this  Purpose,  he  found  he  had  been  plundered 
of  every  thing  of  value;  his  Desk  broken  open,  his  Pa- 
pers due-bills  obligations  &c  all  stolen  or  destroyed,  and 
his  wearing  apparel  all  gone,  so  that  he  was  totally 
robbed  to  his  shirt. 

Upon  remonstrating  with  Captain  Bucher,  he  was  re- 
fused the  least  pecuniary  assistance ;  altho  he  had  robbed 
him  of  above  two  thousand  Dollars  in  specie.  The  De- 
ponent further  Saith  that  the  Mate  of  the  said  Brig  who 
had  been  sent  to  watch  the  motions  of  the  French  in 
Port,  upon  his  return,  reported,  that  he  had  left  their 
boats  along  side  of  the  Brig  discharging  her  Cargo.  The 
Deponent  also  saith,  that  he  was  informed  by  Captain 
Bucher  that  there  were  about  that  time,  seventeen  Pri- 
vateers cruizing  out  of  St.  lago,  and  also  that  they  w^ere 
fitting  out  three  more,  from  Vessels  which  had  been  ta- 
ken from  the  Americans  and  were  converted  into  French 
Privateers,  and  that  Sixteen  Sail  of  the  Same  Descrip- 
tion were  fitting  and  cruizing  out  of  Baracoa —  that  in 
general  they  were  small  Schooners,  with  one  or  two 
Guns,  but  full  of  men. 

The  Deponent  Avas  also  informed  that  the  Columbia 
was  the  Second  American  Prize  made  by  La  Coquette 
since  leaving  New  Orleans.     The  Deponent  further  saith, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        69 

that  his  Domestic,  who  was  left  sick  on  Board  the  Brig 
was  treated  by  the  French  in  so  Brutal  a  manner,  that 
his  life  was  despaired  of,  and  that  the  Deponent  was 
obliged  to  leave  him  behind  at  Cuba  in  that  Situation. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  subscribed  my 
name  and  affixed  my  Seal  this  twenty  fourth  day  of 
March  A.  D.  1804  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United 
States  of  America  the  28  year. 
[S.  L.]  (Signed)  I.  E.  Trask 

Notary  Public 
A  true  Copy  from  the  original 
Jos.  Briggs 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  March  28th  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honour  to  enclose  to  your  Excellency  a 
Statement  made  on  oath,  by  a  Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  relative  to  the  capture  of  an  American  Vessel,  the 
plundering  of  her  Cargo  and  the  ill  treatment  of  her 
crew  by  a  Privateer  under  French  colours  called  La  Co- 
quette commanded  by  a  Captain  Bucher. 

This  Privateer  is  said  to  have  been  fitted  out  at  New 
Orleans,  while  Louisiana  remained  under  the  Govern- 
ment of  Spain.  You  will  further  perceive  from  the 
Statement  enclosed;  that  the  Captured  Vessel  was  car- 
ried into  St.  lago  De  Cuba  a  Spanish  Port  and  which  is 
stated  to  afford  an  assylum  for  many  French  Privateers 
that  are  in  the  habit  of  committing  daily  outrages  against 
the  Flag  of  the  United  States  and  the  property  of  her 
Citizens. 

With  an  impression  that  these  wrongs  have  not  been 
committed  under  the  Sanction  of  his  Catholic  Majesty 


70  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

between  whom  and  the  United  States  so  friendly  an  un- 
derstanding is  maintained,  and  in  expectation,  of  receiv- 
ing from  you  an  explanation  upon  this  subject  which 
ma}^  enable  me  to  make  a  Satisfactory  report  to  my  Gov- 
ernment, I  have  addressed  to  your  Excellency  this  com- 
munication, and  must  solicit  the  Favour  of  an  answer  as 
soon  as  may  be  convenient. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  high  respect  and  considera- 
tion 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  De  Casa  Calvo 
Commissioner  of  his  Catholic  Majesty  &c 


From  Gen.  WilMnson  to  Gov.  Claiborne 

Head  Quarters — 

New  Orleans  March  26th  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  been  Honoured  by  3^our  Excellency's  Letter  of 
the  twenty  second  Instant  with  the  enclosure  and  have 
issued  the  necessary  orders  to  the  officer  Commanding 
the  Fort  Plaquemines,  who  will  suffer  no  armed  Vessel 
to  pass  him  before  your  permission  has  been  signified  to 
him. 

Respectfully  I  have  the  Honour  to  be  your  Excel- 
lencys 

most  obdt.  Sert. 
(Signed)  James  Wilkinson 
His  Excellency 

Governor  Claiborne  of  the  Mississippi  Territory  &c 
«&c&c 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  71 

To  Maj.  Dorsier. 

New  Orleans  March  30tli  1804 
Sir, 

I  send  you  herein  enclosed,  your  Commission  as  Ma- 
jor of  the  Militia,  and  at  the  same  time  take  occasion  to 
observe  that  having  recently  received  from  the  President 
of  the  United  States  instructions  relative  to  their  organi- 
zation and  finding  from  the  infirm  state  of  Colonel  Belle- 
chasse's  that  he  is  at  present  unqualified  to  attend  to  it, 
I  request  you  as  the  next  Officer  in  Rank  to  repair  as 
soon  as  may  be  convenient  to  the  City,  for  the  purpose  of 
making  such  arrangements  as  may  be  proper  to  carry  the 
intentions  of  the  President  (relative  to  the  Militia  into 
effectual  execution. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  due  esteem 

Your  obdt.  Servt. 
Major  Dorsier 


To  the  Comandants  of  Districts 

Circular 
Sir, 

In  the  unsettled  declining  moments  of  a  Government, 
or  in  the  Passage  of  Countries  from  one  Dominion  to 
another,  it  often  happens  that  laws  are  evaded  and  Mu- 
nicipal regulations  entirely  neglected.  This  seems  to 
have  been  too  much  the  case,  in  the  various  changes 
which  have  lately  taken  place  in  Louisiana.  Seeing  how- 
ever that  our  Political  relation  is  now  permanently  fixed 
it  behoves  the  Civil  Magistrates  to  recall  the  Citizens  to 
obedience  of  the  Law,  and  to  Establish  that  order  in  so- 
ciety so  essential  to  the  preservation  of  morals  and  the 
promotion  of  Good  Government. 

I  have  therefore  Deemed  it  proper  to  make  to  you  a 


72  MISSISSIPPI    TEREITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

general  communication  relative  to  your  official  duties, 

and  to  request  your  faithful  attentions  to  the  following 

Instructions. 

1st.  In  your  Charracter  as  commandant  you  are  re- 
quired to  cause  the  Militia  of  your  District  to  be 
enrolled,  and  to  assemble  them  with  their  arms,  at 
some  central  and  convenient  place  therein,  at  least 
once  in  two  months  and  to  instruct  them  in  the 
manuel  exercise.  And  you  are  authorized  to  take 
such  measures  to  that  effect  as  your  judgment 
may  dictate,  and  as  may  be  consistent  with  the  for- 
mer regulations  of  the  country. 

2nd.  You  will  take  such  measures  as  may  be  in  your 
power,  to  prevent  slaves  from  wandering  about 
either  by  day  or  night,  without  passes,  or  from 
trading  among  themselves,  or  with  free  people 
without  permission  from  their  owners,  and  you 
are  particularly  enjoined  to  enforce  with  justice 
and  in  mercy  the  regulations  of  police  heretofore 
prescribed  in  this  Province,  and  which  are  still  in 
force  upon  the  subject  of  Slaves,  as  well  with  a 
view  to  their  better  treatment  which  will  be  the 
consequence  of  good  behaviour,  as  to  promote  the 
interests  of  their  Masters. 

3rd.  You  will  cause  the  roads  Bridges  and  Levee  to  be 
mended,  and  kept  regularly  and  constantly  in  good 
repair,  to  the  end  that  the  Crops  may  be  pre- 
served, and  the  communication  by  Land  facili- 
tated, and  rendered  safe  and  convenient;  for  the 
accomplishment  of  which,  3^ou  will  put  into  imme- 
diate execution,  the  regulations  heretofore  exist- 
ing in  relation  to  those  objects. 

4th.  You  are  to  allow  no  person  or  persons  on  the  Pub- 
lic Road  or  elsewhere  in  your  district  to  sell  or 
vend  by  retail.  Wines  of  Spirituous  liquors  of  any 
kind  to  travellers  or  any  other  persons,  without 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        73 

such  person  or  persons  shall  have  previously  ob- 
tained your  License  to  that  effect,  and  the  regu- 
lations heretofore  made  in  Louisiana  in  relation  to 
Taverns  are  to  be  your  guide. 
5th.  Persons  Licensed  as  aforesaid  are  to  be  prohibited 
from  selling  Liquors  or  wines  of  any  kind  to  any 
Slave  without  the  consent  of  his  owner  stated  in 
writing,  or  to  any  Indian  without  your  permission. 
These  restrictions  you  will  notify  to  the  Tavern 
keeper,  at  the  time  you  grant  the  License,  and 
should  he  act  contrary  to  this  injunction,  his  Li- 
cense shall  for  the  first  offense  be  forfeited. 
6th.  Desirious  of  obtaining  the  most  accurate  knowl- 
edge of  Louisiana  and  of  the  Interests  of  its  cit- 
izens, I  have  to  ask  of  you  such  information  as  you 
may  possess  on  the  following  points. 

1st.  The  extent  of  your  District,  the  quantity  and 
as  nearly  as  you  can  State  the  quality  and  produc- 
tions of  the  soil. 

2nd.  The  number  of  Sugar  Plantations,  and  the 
amount  of  Sugar,  Rum,  Taffia  and  Molasses  made 
upon  each  plantation  one  year  with  another. 

3rd.  The  number  of  inhabitants  in  your  District; 
their  colour  sex  and  condition,  and  particularly 
the  number  of  Militia. 

4th.  Are  there  any  Schools,  either  English  or 
French  and  what  (in  your  opinion)  would  be  the 
best  mode  in  the  present  situation  of  the  Province 
of  introducing  and  supporting  these  necessary  and 
important  institutions  ? 

5th.  What  is  the  quantity  of  Vacant  Land  in  your 
District. 

6th.  Are  there  any  Public  Buildings?  AVliat  is 
their  value,  and  what  quantity  of  Public  land  be- 
longing thereto? 

7th.    Are  there  any  Bayous  or  forks  of  the  river  in 


74  MISSISSIPPI    TEKPJTORIAL    AECHIVES. 

your  District  which  mil  admit  of  being  cleared 
out  J  so  as  to  facilitate  the  commerce  of  the  Coan- 
try?  and  what  (in   your   opinion)    would   be   the 
probable  expense   of  such  undertaking,  and  the 
best  method  of  executing  it? 
8th.     The  number  and  condition  of  your  churches. 
Are  you  supplied  with  Clerg^anen ;  and  do  the  Cit- 
izens manifest  a  disposition  to  support,  respect 
and  patronize  regular  Ministers  of  the  Gospel? 
9th.     The  situation  and  condition  of  your  prison, 
should  there  be  any  and  in  case  there  is  none,  is 
one  required? 
I  shall  expect  from  you,  answers  to  the  above  Queries 
as  soon  as  may  be  convenient,  and  I  take  this  occasion  to 
enjoin  it  upon  3^011  to  be  faithful  to  the  trust  committed 
to  you,  and  to  do  every  thing  in  your  power  to  preserve 
good  order,  and  to  promote  the  welfare  and  happiness  of 
your  fellow  Citizens. 

In  all  your  official  acts  keep  constantly  in  view,  the 
principles  of  impartial  justice,  and  enlist  in  favour  of  the 
New  Government  the  affections  of  your  neighbors. 

When  the  occasion  serves,  you  will  impress  upon  the 
inhabitants,  the  propriety  of  educating  their  Children; 
of  instilling  early  into  their  minds,  principles  of  moral- 
ity, and  rearing  them  up  in  habits  of  industry —  Educa- 
tion calls  dormant  faculties  to  light  and  points  out  their 
use —  Industry  is  the  great  source  of  Public  and  Private 
wealth;  and  virtue  alone  promotes  our  happiness  here 
and  insures  it  hereafter. 

You  may  also  assure  the  Citizens  of  your  District, 
that  their  true  interest  is  very  dear  to  the  Councils  of 
their  Country;  that  their  liberty,  property  and  religion 
will  be  protected;  their  Commerce  and  agricultui'e  pro- 
moted, and  the  arts  and  Sciences  in  I^ouisiana  ])articu- 
larly  cherished. 

Some  delay  must  attend  the  due  organization  of  the 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  ^0 

new  Government ;  it  of  necessity  attaches  to  so  arduous 
an  undertaking.  The  carrying  into  effect  all  the  wise 
measures  contemplated  by  Congress  for  the  good  of 
Louisiana,  will  require  time,  but  I  am  persuaded,  my  fel- 
low Citizens  Avill  very  soon  have  strong  proofs  of  the 
growing  prosperity  of  their  Country,  under  the  fostering 
care  of  the  American  Government,  which  I  do  not  hesi- 
tate to  say  is  the  best  upon  Earth. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  High  Con- 
sideration. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


New  Orleans  March  31st  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honour  to  enclose  to  you,  a  Commission  for 
Mr.  De  La  Hogue  the  Gentlemen  recommended  by  your 
Honourable  body  to  succeed  Mr.  Dubigny  in  the  office  of 
Secty  to  the  Municipality  of  this  City;  and  to  Subscribe 
myself  with  due  respect 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


New  Orleans  March  31st  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New^  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  you 
Letter  of  the  19th  Listant  relative  to  the  establishment 
of  a  Horse  Guard  in  the  Town  and  Environs  of  New  Or- 
leans. In  reply  to  which  I  can  only  say  that  it  will  give 
me  pleasure  to  receive  the  plan  alluded  to  in  your  com- 


76  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

munication,  and  it  shall  receive  from  me  that  attention, 
which  the  importance  of  the  Subject  requires.  In  the 
mean  time  I  think  it  proper  to  mention,  that  you  have 
my  permission  to  make  an  experiment  of  the  Horse- 
guard  for  the  Town  of  New  Orleans  and  the  Banliew, 
provided  the  inhabitants  of  the  same  will  voluntarily  con- 
sent to  raise  the  necessary  funds  in  the  manner  pre- 
scribed in  your  Letter. 

It  is  to  be  understood  that  the  Horse  guards  is  to  be 
established  by  my  permission,  and  subject  (through  your 
body)  to  ni}^  orders  as  their  Chief.  The  Municipality 
however  are  to  make  the  necessary  regulations  for  creat- 
ing, organizing  and  pro\^ding  for  the  pay  of  the  same, 
but  the  appointment  of  the  officers  is  to  be  made  by  me. 
It  is  desirable  that  the  Avhole  of  this  Corps  should  con- 
sist of  white  persons  and  if  possible  natives  of  the  Coun- 
try or  those  who  have  resided  in  it  for  some  years. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  mth  considerations  of  high 
Respect 

Your  obd.  St. 
(Signed)  AVm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  31  March  1804 

Sir, 

The  Laws  regulating  the  commerce  of  Louisiana, 
have  been  received  here,  and  that  which  relates  to  the 
registering  of  Vessels  has  given  great  Satisfaction.  We 
have  also  seen  the  Law  providing  for  a  temporary  Gov- 
ernment in  the  shape  it  passed  the  Senate,  the  prohibit- 
ing the  importation  of  Slaves  is  a  source  of  great  dissat- 
isfaction, and  I  believe  the  opinions  and  wishes  of  the 
people  upon  this  subject  will  be  expressed  in  a  Memorial 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  77 

to  Congress,  which  will  probably  be  forwarded  by  the 
next  Mail. 

I  very  much  fear  that  your  letters  to  me  are  inter- 
cepted some  where  on  the  road :  I  have  received  but  one 
communication  from  you  since  my  arrival  in  this  City, 
and  that  was  open,  when  delivered.  I  shall  in  future 
forward  by  Sea  duplicates  of  my  important  official  Let- 
ters, and  I  will  take  the  Liberty  to  suggest  that  it  would 
give  safety  to  your  communications,  if  a  similar  precau- 
tion were  observed  by  the  Department  of  State. 

I  enclose  you  a  copy  of  a  circular  Letter  which  I  lately 
addressed  to  several  Commandants  of  Districts,  and  I 
persuade  myself  that  its  contents  will  be  approved  by  the 
President.  Neither  the  Prefect  nor  the  Spanish  Troops 
have  yet  left  New  Orleans,  the  Departure  of  the  first  it 
is  said  will  be  soon,  and  the  Spanish  forces  I  understand 
will  certainly  embark  between  the  5th  &  10th  of  April. 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  assure  you,  that  the  most  per- 
pect  good  order  prevails  in  Orleans  and  its  vicinity. 

Accept  assurances  of  m}'-  great  Respect  and  high  Con- 
sideration. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
To  the  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Sec.  of  State 


To  Albert  Gallatin. 

Orleans  1st  April  1804 
Sir, 

Having  understood,  that  a  Mr.  Garland  of  this  City, 
who  had  been  appointed  a  Surveyor  of  the  Port,  had  de- 
clined accepting,  I  take  the  liberty  to  recommend  as  his 
successor  Mr.  William  Bro"v\Ti  who  is  now  residing  in  Or- 
leans. 


78  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Mr,  Brown  is  very  generally  esteemed  by  his  ac- 
quaintances, and  is  truly  a  deserving  young  Man:  His 
talents  and  knowledge  of  transacting  business  in  the 
Revenue  Department  particularly,  qualify  him  for  the 
office  of  Surveyor,  and  I  believe  a  person  as  capable  could 
not  be  found  here,  who  would  be  willing  to  accept  the  ap- 
pointment. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  Respect  and  Esteem 

Your  Obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
Albert  Gallatin 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury 


To  Thomas  Villaneuva. 

Orleans  April  2nd  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  22nd  Ultimo  rela- 
tive to  the  nomination  of  a  Syndic  for  a  certain  part  of 
your  District.  In  reply  to  which  I  shall  observe,  that 
you  have  my  approbation  for  appointing  the  person 
therein  referred  to,  and  I  enclose  to  you  for  that  pur- 
pose, a  blank  Commission  requesting  you  to  fill  it  up 
with  his  name,  or  the  name  of  any  other  person  you  may 
think  proper. 

You  will  hereby  receive  a  Letter  containing  general 
instructions  to  the  Commandants,  to  which  I  flatter  my- 
self you  will  pay  all  that  attention  which  the  importance 
of  the  Subject  requires. 

I  am  Sir  with  due  Respect 

your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Thos  Villaneuva 
Commandant  dans  la  four  die  De  Chatimaches 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        79 

To  Antoine  St.  Amancl. 

Orleans  2nd  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  favour  of  the  31st  Ultimo,  in 
which  you  mention  the  resignation  of  Six  Syndics  of 
your  District  and  propose  Six  others,  which  you  wish  to 
be  named  as  their  Successors.  I  fully  approbate  your 
Selection,  and  I  beg  j^ou  to  assure  the  Gentlemen  you 
have  named,  that  each  of  their  Commissions  shall  be 
made  out  and  transmitted  to  them  through  you,  in  the 
course  of  a  few  days. 

The  onl}^  letter  I  recollect  to  have  received  from  you 
in  the  course  of  last  month  was  one  relative  to  giving 
Mr.  Hutchinson  permission  to  keep  a  Tavern  and  Bil- 
liard-Table, which  letter  I  answered  on  the  22nd  of  the 
same  month  leaving  you  at  liberty  to  act  in  that  affair 
as  you  might  think  proper. 

I  send  you  enclosed  a  Letter  containingsome  general 
instructions  which  I  flatter  myself  may  assist  you  in  dis- 
charging the  important  duties  attached  to  your  office. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  Avith  Sentiments  of  due  re- 
spect 

Your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Antoine  St,  Amand 
Commandant  of  the  1st,  German  Coast. 


To  Miguel  Cantrell. 

Orleans  3  April  1804 
Sir, 

You  are  hereby  requested  to  cause  to  appear  before 
you  so  soon  as  it  may  be  convenient,  the  parties  inter- 


80  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL,    ARCHIVES. 

ested  in  the  Petition  hereto  annexed,  to  Wit  John  Conp- 
rey  and  Peter  le  Bourgeois,  and  endeavour  to  effect  an 
amicable  Settlement  of  accounts.  They  both  want  jus- 
tice and  as  the  case  is  plain  it  (in  my  opinion)  can  be 
had  in  as  short  a  time  and  with  as  much  certainty  by  a 
private  friendly,  arrangement,  as  from  an  expensive  Suit 
at  Law,  and  which  I  would  wish  to  prevent  in  all  cases 
when  practicable.  You  are  therefore  desired  to  do 
every  thing  in  your  power  to  produce  such  an  equitable 
adjustment  as  to  reconcile  the  interested  parties. 
I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  respect  and  Esteem 

Your  obdt.  Sert. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Miguel  Cantrell 
Commandant  of  the  1st  Acadian  Coast 


New  Orleans  3  April  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans, 
Sir, 

I  take  the  liberty  to  mention,  for  the  consideration  of 
the  Municipality,  a  Subject  of  some  importance  to  the 
Health  of  the  Inhabitants  of  this  City,  and  one  within  the 
province  of  municipal  regulations : —  I  allude  to  the  num- 
ber of  dogs,  now  roaming  at  large  within  the  City  and 
its  environs,  and  which  I  consider  a  great  nuisance. 
When  these  animals  are  not  Housed,  and  fed,  with  some 
attention  to  their  cleanliness,  but  are  permitted  to  wan- 
der about  the  Streets  in  quest  of  a  Subsistence  on  re- 
jected Carrion,  and  other  iilth,  they  soon  in  a  warm  Cli- 
mate become  the  prey  of  disease  and  vermin,  and  are  ex- 
tremely liable  to  one  of  the  most  horrid  Maladys  to 
which  the  Human  or  brute  creation  is  subject. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        81 

These  evils  may  be  averted  by  some  timely  precau- 
tions, which  I  trust  the  Municipality  will  direct. 
With  Respect  and  esteem  I  am  Sir, 

Your  obdt.  H131.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Bore 
Mayor 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  3  April  1804 
Sir, 

In  consequence  of  a  Deposition  forwarded  to  me  by 
a  Mr.  Bailey,  of  which  the  enclosed  No.  1  is  a  Copy.  I 
addressed  on  the  28th  Ultimo  to  the  Marquis  De  Casa 
Calvo  a  letter  of  which  the  enclosed  No.  2  is  a  Copy, 
when  the  answer  of  the  Marquis  is  received  you  shall 
be  advised  thereof. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  great  Respect  and  Es- 
teem 

your  obdt.  Sert. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


From  Henry  Dearborn  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  2nd  March  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  taken  the  liberty  to  enclose  you  a  Proclama- 
tion, issued  by  Authority  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States  offering  a  reward  of  five  Hundred  Dollars  for  the 

II— 6 


OZ  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOKIAL    ARCHIVES. 

apprehending  a  Certain  James  Woods,  who  is  charged 
with  the  Murder  of  a  Cherokee  Boy  there  is  reason  to 
believe  he  has  fled  into  the  Mississippi  Country;  should 
he  be  discovered  in  your  Vicinity,  I  have  to  solicit  you 
will  take  measures  for  having  him  apprehended  and  se- 
cured, that  he  may  receive  the  punishment  justly  due  the 
perpetration  of  an  act  so  outrageous  and  infamous. 
I  have  the  Honour  to  be  very  Respectfully 

Your  Hbl.  St. 
(Signed)  Henry  Dearborn 
His  Excellency 
Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


New  Orleans  6th  April  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  enclose  to  you  a  Document  relative  to  the  conduct 
of  Mr.  Heins  one  of  the  Commissary's  of  quarters  for 
this  City,  as  sworn  to  by  Mr.  Peyroux.  As  this  gentle- 
man received  his  appointment  from  your  council  and  is 
dependent  on  your  authority,  you  will  take  such  steps 
relative  to  this  affair  as  you  may  deem  most  proper. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  due  Respect 

Your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Bore 

Mayor 


To  Julien  Poydrass. 

New  Orleans  6th  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
favour  of  the  25th  Ultimo  to  express  the  pleasure  I  feel 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  83 

at  the  just  sentiments  yon  entertain  of  the  American 
Government  and  to  return  you  my  thanks  for  your 
friendly  expressions  towards  myself. 

Under  the  Laws  of  the  United  States,  the  Inhabitants 
of  Louisiana  will  be  protected  in  that  mode  of  Divine 
Worship  they  may  think  best  calculated  to  secure  their 
present  and  future  happiness.  You  are  therefore  re- 
quested to  assure  the  Citizens  of  your  District  that  they 
have  my  entire  approbation  to  choose  their  Clergymen 
and  after  having  selected  a  deserving  character  for  this 
sacred  and  important  trust,  I  wish  you  to  impress  them 
with  the  propriety  of  being  liberal  in  their  Patronage  to- 
wards him. 

Knowledge  and  virtue  are  the  only  basis  of  the  Lib- 
erty, prosperity  and  happiness  of  a  people,  permit  me 
therefore  to  hope  that  the  Heads  of  families  in  your  Dis- 
trict will  guard  with  parental  care  the  Education  of  their 
children  and  spare  neither  expense  nor  attention  to  en- 
rich their  minds  Avith  correct  morals  and  useful  informa- 
tion. Thus  will  they  become  in  manhood  valuable  mem- 
bers of  a  free  Governt. 

I  enclose  to  you  a  letter  of  instructions  which  I  as- 
sure myself  will  meet  with  due  attention. 

I  am  Sir  with  Sentiments  of  Sincere  Esteem  and  high 
consideration 

your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Julian  Poydrass 
Commandant  of  Point  Coupee 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  7th  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  an  answer  to  the  Letter  Avhich  I  ad- 
dressed to  the  Marquis  de  Casa  Calvo  on  the  28th  Ulti- 


84  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

mo,  a  translation  of  the  answer  and  of  the  Document  ac- 
companying it,  are  preparing  and  when  completed,  the 
originals  shall  be  transmitted  to  you.  It  seems  La  Co- 
quette Avas  fitted  out  at  this  place,  and  was  permitted  to 
depart  after  the  receipt  of  assurances  from  Mr.  Laussat, 
that  the  Coquette  was  charged  mth  dispatches  for  Gen- 
eral Rochambeau  and  not  intended  as  a  Privateer.  I  am 
inclined  to  think  that  in  the  investigation  of  this  business 
Mr.  Laussats  conduct  will  not  appear  in  a  favourable 
point  of  view.  The  Spanish  forces  are  still  here,  prep- 
arations for  an  evacuation  are  making,  but  mth  all  the 
sloth  peculiar  to  Spanish  operations.  Mr.  Laussats  de- 
parture has  not  yet  taken  place,  nor  do  I  know  when  it 
will,  but  I  presume  very  shortly. 

General  Wilkinson  has  for  a  week  past  been  absent 
from  the  City,  engaged  I  believe  in  ascertaining  the  nav- 
igation of  Lake  Ponchartrain,  the  16th  of  this  month  is 
fixed  upon  as  the  day  on  which  the  General  will  sail  from 
this  Port  to  Philadelphia:  but  I  think  it  probable,  his 
sailing  will  be  delayed  a  few  days  longer. 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you,  that  the  most  per- 
fect good  order  continues  to  prevail  in  this  City  and  its 
Vicinity. 

Accept  assurances  D.  Sir  of  my  Respect  &  Esteem 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 

Secty.  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  8th  April  1804 
Sir, 

Enclosed  is  a   Copy  of  an   inflamatory  production 
which  was  posted  up  at  the  Market  House  in  this  City, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        85 

in  the  course  of  last  night.  At  eight  oClock  tliis  morn- 
ing I  heard  of  this  writing,  and  immediately  caused  it  to 
be  taken  down,  the  Author  is  not  known,  but  the  general 
Suspicion  attaches  to  some  of  the  late  Emigrants. 

I  find  that  this  inflamatory  address,  is  greatly  cen- 
sured by  many  of  the  inhabitants,  and  I  do  not  appre- 
hend any  unpleasant  circumstances,  will  arise  therefrom. 
Lest  however  some  few  deluded  people  might  attempt  to 
disturb  the  Public  peace,  I  shall  take  some  measures  of 
precaution,  by  increasing  the  nightly  Patroles;  and  di- 
recting the  officers  of  the  Volunteer  Corps  to  hold  them- 
selves in  readiness  to  act  at  a  moments  warning. 

I  deem  these  precautions  the  more  necessary  for  the 
ensuing  night,  because  on  tomorrow  the  Spanish  forces 
are  to  embark  for  Pensacola,  and  I  learn  that  many  of 
the  Soldiers  have  discovered  some  inquietude  at  their 
approaching  departure,  and  it  is  possible  they  may  be 
disposed  to  Commit  disorders.  General  Wilkinson  has 
not  yet  returned  from  exporing  the  Lake. 

With  Eespect  and  esteem  I  am  Sir 

Your  obdt.  Hbl.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


Address  from  the  Nuns  of  the  Convent  of  St.  Ursula^ 
—  Delivered  in  the  Convent — 

To  his  Excellency  William  C.   C.   Claiborne   Governor 
General  of  Louisiana 

*The  Nuns  of  St.  Ursula  had  fled  in  dismay  to  Cuba  when  Spain 
transferred  Louisiana  to  France ;  their  return  to  New  Orleans  did  much 
to  inspire  the  people  in  the  American  dominion. 


86  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Hail  gen'rons  Chief!    We  hail  you  to  these  Walls, 
Wliere  meek  Keligion  bears  a  placid  Sway, 
No  passions  rude,  the  humble  mind  appalls, 
Nor  discontents,  the  AYorldly  ^vish  betray. 

May  Health,  and  peace  attend  each  coming  hour. 

Each  future  year  unfading  Laurels  bring; 

Nor  O'er  your  Autunm,  dark  misfortunes  low'r 

To  blight  the  Harvest  jDromised  by  your  Spring. 

May  time  Roll  on,  uninterrupted  roll 

Your  days  be  spared  to  a  length  of  years 

Before  you  part  to  reach  the  final  goal. 

That  bounds  of  Man,  the  future  hopes  and  fears. 

The  Governors  Reply 

Venerable  Ladies, 

I  receive  ^^ith  peculiar  Satisfaction  the  elegant  Poetic 
Compliment  ^^ith  which  you  have  honored  me.  Your 
benevolent  wishes  flow  from  a  source  so  pure,  that  I  can- 
not deny  myself  the  pleasure  of  acknowledging  how 
sensible  I  am  of  their  Sincerity  and  kindness.  Permit 
me,  in  return  to  assure  you,  of  the  high  estimation  in 
which  I  hold  your  order,  as  well  from  a  respect  to  that 
Religion  to  which  you  are  devoted,  as  for  the  patriotic 
object  of  your  institution—  The  Education  of  youth. 

Under  the  free  and  mild  Government  of  United  Amer- 
ica, you  may  with  certainty  calculate  on  the  uninter- 
rupted enjo}Tnent  of  your  present  tranquil  and  hallowed 
retreat,  and  the  exercise  of  the  Honorable  avocation  to 
which  your  temporal  cares  are  directed. 

Permit  me  Ladies,  to  renew  to  your  assurances  of  my 
friendly  respect:—  And  may  almighty  God,  bestow  on 
this  institution  his  choicest  blessings,  and  preserve  in 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        87 

health  and  happiness  all  who  dwell  within  these  Sacred 
Walls/ 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
New  Orleans  8th  of  April  1804 


To  Edward  Menillon. 

New  Orleans  9th  April  1804 
Sir, 

Kepeated  complaints  having  been  made  to  me  of  the 
improper  conduct  of  Mr.  Joseph  Trelong  and  Mr.  Robert 
Mayeau  Syndics  of  the  District  of  Avoyle  I  have  thought 
proper  to  request  the  favour  of  you  to  investigate  this 
subject  with  the  view  of  rendering  justice  as  well  to  these 
gentlemen  as  to  the  Public.  I  enclose  you  two  blank 
commissions  for  Syndics  and  should  it  be  found  upon 
proper  examination  that  the  present  Syndics  of  Avoylle 
are  unworthy  to  be  continued  in  that  office  you  are  here- 
by authorized  and  required  to  appoint  two  other  persons 
and  to  fill  up  the  enclosed  commission  with  their  names. 
If  on  the  contrary  you  should  find  that  these  two  Gentle- 
men have  been  unjustly  calumniated  and  that  they  are 
really  quallified  to  discharge  the  duties  of  Syndics  you 
are  requested  to  re-appoint  them.  I  shall  expect  to  hear 
from  you  upon  this  Subject  by  the  first  convenient  op- 
portunity. 

I  am  with  Sentiments  of  due  respect 

your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Edward  Menillon 
Commandant  at  the  Rapids 

^  Claiborne  held  the  attachments  of  the  good  sisters  of  St.  Ursula  to 
the  end  of  his  life,  as  is  shown  by  many  incidents  of  his  public  and 
private  life. 


88  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  9th  April  1804 
Sir, 

The  Patroles  on  last  night  arrested  twelve  or  fifteen 
Spanish  Soldiers  and  Sailors  who  were  lurking  about  the 
City  probably  with  a  design  of  deserting  and  they  were 
on  this  morning  delivered  to  a  Spanish  Officer. 

The  greater  part  of  the  Spanish  Forces  have  this  mo- 
ment taken  their  departure  for  Pensacola,  they  were  em- 
barked on  board  of  a  Ship,  and  their  numbers  (including 
officers)  amounted  to  about  three  hundred  Men,  there  are 
yet  in  the  City  a  company  of  Dragoons,  and  a  detach- 
ment of  infantry  consisting  of  twenty  five  Men.  The 
Dragoons  are  ordered  to  Mexico,  and  will  set  out  (it  is 
said)  in  a  week  or  ten  days.  The  detachment  of  Infan- 
try remains  as  a  guard  for  the  Marquis,  who  is  ap- 
pointed by  the  King  of  Spain  a  Commissioner  of  limits, 
and  will  probably  continue  in  Orleans,  until  further  or- 
ders from  his  Court. 

The  inflamatory  hand  Bill  which  I  enclosed  in  my  let- 
ter of  yesterday  has  not  produced  the  effect  intended, 
the  Mass  of  the  people  in  Louisiana  are  well  contented 
with  the  change  of  Government  and  if  left  to  themselves 
would  remain  a  peaceable  amiable  people,  but  the  Emi- 
gration from  France  and  the  West  India  Islands  is  con- 
siderable, many  of  the  Emigrants  are  men  of  desperate 
characters,  and  revolutionary  dispositions.  Against  the 
machinations  of  these  incendiaries  the  chief  Magistrate 
of  Louisiana,  must  be  on  his  guard. 

At  present,  good  order  prevails  in  this  City,  nothing 
shall  be  wanting  on  my  part  to  insure  its  continuation. 
My  administration  has  hitherto  been  marked  with  ex- 
treme lenity,  and  not  an  individual  has  yet  experienced 
the  severity  of  the  Law.  .     ^ 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  89 

I  anxiously  hope  that  no  occurrence  may  compel  me 
to  deviate  from  that  mild  and  conciliating  course  which 
my  disposition  dictated,  and  my  judgment  Sanctioned, 
but  should  the  occasion  demand,  I  must  exercise  with 
some  rigour  the  powers  with  which  I  am  vested. 
I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 

Your  obdt.  Sert. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State. 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  10th  April  1804 
Sir, 

Tranquility  continues  to  reign  in  this  City  and  its 
vicinity.  Mr.  Laussat  takes  his  leave  of  the  Spanish 
Commissioners  on  this  day;  and  the  day  after  he  pro- 
poses to  pay  his  last  visit  to  the  American  Commission- 
ers. His  departure  therefore  it  is  expected  will  take 
place  in  a  few  days.  The  Barracks  evacuated  by  the 
Spanish  Troops  on  yesterday  have  been  put  in  our  pos- 
session. 

General  Wilkinson  returned  on  last  evening  from  his 
visit  to  the  Lake,  and  will  probably  take  his  passage  for 
Philadelphia  in  seven  or  eight  days. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  Respectful  consideration. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


90  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

New  Orleans  April  10th  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

In  reply  to  your  Letter  of  the  7th  instant  I  have 
the  honour  to  observe  that  in  all  cases  Avhere  the  Commis- 
sary of  Police  may  require  Military  aid  in  the  execution 
of  the  duties  of  his  Office,  he  must  apply  to  the  Mayor  or 
one  of  the  Deputy  Mayors  who,  on  stating  the  case  to  me, 
such  orders  will  he  given  as  the  Public  good  shall  require. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be  with  Sentiments  of  due  re- 

,  Your  obdt.  Sert. 

spect 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Bore     Mayor 


■    To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  10th  April  1804 
Sir, 

Lastly  Sunday  I  made  a  visit  to  the  Convent  in  this 
City  and  was  received  by  the  Nuns  with  every  mark  of 
respect.  To  an  affectionate  and  complimentary  address 
which  was  presented  me  I  returned  an  answer  a  Copy  of 
which  is  enclosed.  I  am  much  pleased  with  this  institu- 
tion. The  Nuns  have  uniformly  supported  the  most  ami- 
able character  and  the  Education  of  Female  youth  is  con- 
ducted hy  them  with  care  and  judgment. 

I  consider  these  Venerable  Ladies  as  very  useful 
Members  of  Society,  and  I  feel  very  Solicitous  for  their 
happiness  and  welfare. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  great  Respect  Sir 

your  obdt.  Sert. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  91 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  11th  April  1804 
Sir, 

The  inflamatory  address  (enclosed  to  you  in  my  Let- 
ter of  the  8th  instant)  is  very  generally  censured  and  I 
have  been  requested  by  a  number  of  respectable  citizens 
to  offer  a  reward  for  the  discovery  of  this  incendiary  and 
(when  discovered)  to  punish  him  with  Severity.  Lest 
however  a  consequence  might  be  attached  to  this  unim- 
portant affair  both  here  and  in  the  United  States  which  it 
does  not  merit,  I  have  determined  to  pass  it  by  in  silence. 
I  find  myself  overwhelmed  with  business,  communications 
from  the  different  Commandants  pour  in  upon  me,  and 
may  require  immediate  answers;  the  Citizens  present 
themselves  daily  for  redress  of  grievances,  and  my  Court 
which  has  hitherto  been  held  once  a  week  is  crowded 
with  suits,  and  which  together  with  the  necessary  at- 
tention to  the  Militia  and  to  the  ordinary  business  of  my 
department  render  my  official  labours  incessant. 

Those  who  come  after  me  will  probably  experience 
less  difficulty.  To  me,  will  attach  the  arduous  task  of 
first  introducing  the  Principles  of  the  American  Govern- 
ment into  this  Province,  perhaps  my  efforts  may  not  be 
attended  with  all  the  Success  which  may  be  expected,  and 
I  am  sure,  I  shall  not  be  so  fortunate  as  to  please  every- 
one, but  this  much  I  can  say,  that  my  public  duties  en- 
gage my  whole  care,  and  that  the  first  object  of  my  Heart 
is,  to  discharge  with  fidelity  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
President,  the  trust  committed  to  me. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  sincere 
Esteem 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


92  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Antoine  St.  Amand 

New  Orleans,  13th  April  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  1st  of  March  relative  to  the  dis- 
pute between  the  Free  Negroe  Woman  Manon,  and  her 
neighbours  upon  the  subject  of  her  negligence  in  keep- 
ing up  her  fences  ditches  &c  &c  never  came  to  hand,  but 
in  consequence  of  the  complaints  of  Mr.  Louis  Fouche 
and  others  you  are  hereby  required,  after  giving  said 
Manon  sufficient  time  to  make  the  necessary  reparations, 
should  she  still  continue  to  refuse  to  do  the  same,  to  make 
Sale  of  her  Lands,  or  take  any  other  Step  which  justice 
and  the  ancient  usages  of  the  country  will  justify. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  Seniments  of  Esteem 
&c  &c, 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Antoine  St.  Amand 
Commandant  of  the  1st  German  Coast 


To  Laussat. 

New  Orleans,  13th  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  transmit  you  a  Letter  which  was  enclosed  under 
cover  of  a  communication  to  me  from  Captain  Stoddart, 
and  which  I  this  moment  received.  Captain  Stoddart  is 
the  Gentleman  who  was  authorized  to  receive  the  Posts 
in  upper  Louisiana.  I  offer  you  my  best  wishes  accom- 
panied with  assurances  of  my  respectful  consideration. 

(Signed)         Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Laussat 
Commissioner  of  France  &c  :        "^ 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        93 

From  James  Madison  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  March  12th  1804 
Department  of  State 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  31st  of  January  has  come  to  hand. 
The  information  it  conveyed  respecting  the  importation 
of  Negroes  was  communicated  to  Congress  together  with 
the  letter  it  enclosed  from  Mr.  Leonard. 

The  doubts  which  have  arisen  respecting  the  Ship 
from  St.  Domingo  have  relation  as  far  as  yet  appears  to 
two  points  -  1st  Whether  the  Passengers  ought  to  be  per- 
mitted to  come  up  to  New  Orleans  f  and  2nd  whether  they 
ought  to  be  required  to  depart?  The  first  ought  to  be 
regarded  in  relation  only  to  the  safety  of  the  City  from 
maladies  which  might  be  the  consequence  of  their  two 
ready  admission,  and  to  the  Political  security  of  the  place 
as  it  might  be  affected  by  the  presence  of  such  a  body 
of  strangers  under  such  circumstances.  With  this  view 
therefore  of  the  first  point,  it  is  not  to  be  doubted  that 
in  the  decision  you  may  adopt,  prudence  will  sufficiently 
guard  the  Public  Interests  which  turn  upon  it,  at  the 
same  time  that  every  indulgence  which  Humanity  and 
Courtesy  require  is  extended  to  them,  as  far  as  those  In- 
terests permit. 

On  the  second  point,  were  it  not  for  the  turn  your  cor- 
respondence seems  to  have  taken,  with  respect  to  the  du- 
ties which  the  Neutrality  of  the  United  States  impose,  it 
would  have  been  agreeable  to  await  the  comnmnication 
of  the  Documents  you  intend  to  transmit :  but  as  you  ap- 
pear to  have  conceived  those  duties  as  requiring  a  rigor 
not  warranted  by  the  Law  of  Nations,  it  is  proper  to  com- 
municate without  delay  the  principles  which  ought  to 
govern  on  the  occasion. 

The  passage  in  Vattel  to  which  you  refer,  contains  an 


94  MISSISSIPPI    TEKRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

ingredient  not  knoAvn  to  prevail  in  the  case  of  this  Ves- 
sel, Viz,  that  the  Neutral  Territory  is  not  only  as  a  place 
of  refuge  from  the  Enemy  but  that  a  second  attack  is 
meditated  from  it.  If  this  last  circumstance  does  not 
characterize  the  case  in  question,  the  passengers  who  are 
willing  to  retire  in  the  Vessel  in  which  they  came,  or  in 
any  other  not  armed  or  equipped  in  an  American  Port, 
are  not  to  be  prevented,  or  if  they  choose  to  disperse  or 
Settle  in  the  Country,  they  may  be  permitted  to  do  so,  as 
far  as  may  consist  with  our  own  interior  policy  and  safe- 
ty, the  Laws  of  Neutrality  not  forbidding  such  an  indul- 
gence. Permit  me  to  refer  you  to  the  act  of  Congress  of 
the  5th  of  June  1794  for  the  general  provisions  deemed 
proper  by  the  Legislature  to  guard  the  Neutrality  of  the 
United  States. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be.  Sir  with  great  Respect, 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  James  Madison 

His  Excellency 
Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


From  Henry  Dearborn  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  9  March  1804 
War  Department 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honour  herewith  to  enclose  your  Excellency 
a  proclamation  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  ex- 
tending a  pardon  to  all  persons  who  had  deserted  from 
the  army  of  the  United  States  and  taken  refuge  in  the 
Territory  of  Louisiana,  previous  to  the  20th  day  of  De- 
cember last  and  were  on  that  day  Inhabitants  of  said  Ter- 
ritory.    I  have  to  request  that  your  Excellency  will  cause 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE. 


95 


said  proclamation  to  be  promulgated  in  such  manner  as 
in  your  opinion  will  be  most  Proper  and  expedient. 

Accept  Sir  the  assurances  of  my  high  respect  and  con- 
sideration 

(Signed)   H.  Dearborn 

His  Excellency 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  13th  April  1804 
Sir, 

On  last  evening  I  received  your  Letter  of  the  12 
Ultimo.  The  difficulties  with  respect  to  the  Ship  from 
St.  Domingo,  have  all  passed  by.  The  Correspondence 
between  the  Commissioners  of  the  United  States  and  Mr. 
Laussat,  copies  of  which  have  been  forwarded  to  3^ou  will 
inform  you  particularly  as  to  that  Vessel. 

I  must  confess  that  my  oposition  to  the  approach  of 
the  passengers  in  the  Brig  Express  to  New  Orleans  arose 
from  a  fear,  that  those  Strangers  might  interrupt  the 
peace  of  our  Society  as  you  will  discover  by  the  Letters 
of  the  Commissioners.  The  Law  of  Congress  to  which 
you  refer  me,  for  the  general  provisions  deemed  proper 
by  the  Legislature,  to  guard  the  Neutrality  of  the  United 
States  shall  be  kept  constantly  in  view,  and  permit  me  to 
add  that  any  Special  orders  which  may  be  given  me  on 
this  Subject  shall  be  executed  with  promptitude  and  to 
the  best  of  my  judgment. 

The  emigration  from  the  West  Indies  apparently  in- 
creases, there  is  now  in  the  river  a  Vessel  mth  one  Hun- 
dred and  fifty  French  passengers  from  Jamaica,  some  of 


96  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

tliese  Emigrants  are  doubtless  worthy  men  but  I  fear  a 
majority  of  them  will  be  useless,  if  not  bad  Citizens. 
Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  &  Esteem. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Secty.  of  State. 


To  Henry  Dearborn. 

New  Orleans  14  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  on  the  9th  Ultimo  to- 
gether with  its  enclosures.  The  humane  Policy  of  the 
President  in  extending  his  Pardon  to  such  deserters  from 
the  Army,  as  may  have  settled  in  Louisiana,  will  probably 
be  the  means  of  quieting  the  minds  of  some  industrious 
members  of  Society,  who  I  hope  by  a  series  of  good 
actions,  will  make  atonement  for  their  former  debased 
conduct. 

I  shall  cause  the  Proclamation  to  be  promulgated,  and 
will  give  to  the  different  Commandants  particular  infor- 
mation of  its  contents.  The  most  perfect  good  order 
prevails  in  this  City.  The  Troops  I  believe  are  Healthy, 
and  in  a  good  State  of  Subordination,  but  I  presume  on 
this  Subject  you  will  be  particularly  advised  by  General 
"Wilkinson,  who  is  still  in  Orleans  but  contemplates  de- 
parting in  a  few  days. 

By  Letters  this  moment  received  the  Post  of  the  Ar- 
kansaw,  has  been  delivered  to  Lieutenant  Many  and 
everything  in  that  quarter  is  going  on  well. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  and  esteem 

(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
Henry  Dearborn 
Secty.  of  War 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  97 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  14th  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  now  enclose  you  the  answer  of  the  Marquis  De  Casa 
Calvo  to  my  Letter  of  the  28th  Ultimo.  Having  obtained 
for  my  omti  use  a  translation  of  the  Marquis 's  Letter,  and 
the  Documents  accompanying  it  I  have  forwarded  to  you 
the  original. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respectful  consideration 
(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 


To  Laussat. 

New  Orleans  14  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  this  moment  received  your  Letter  relative  to 
the  detaining  at  Fort  Plaquemine  the  French  privateer 
La  Soeur  Cherie.  I  will  observe  Sir,  that  the  officer  com- 
manding at  Plaquemines  has  received  orders  to  permit 
no  armed  Vessels  to  pass  the  Fort,  until  the  same  be  re- 
ported to  me,  and  my  permission  for  such  passage  is  ob- 
tained. These  orders  were  given  subsequent  to  the  ar- 
rival at  this  Port  of  the  British  Letter  of  Mark  to  which 
you  allude  and  accounts  for  their  having  experienced  no 
interruption. 

Finding  from  the  representations  of  Captain  La  fette, 
and  also  of  the  officer  Commanding  at  Plaquemine,  that 
La  Soeur  Cherie  has  put  into  the  Mississippi  in  Distress, 
being  in  a  leaky  condition  and  short  of  provision,  that 
Vessel  will  be  permitted  to  proceed  to  New  Orleans  and 

II— 7  ,  .       ;       , 


98  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

to  obtain  relief  from  her  present  distress.     I  mean  as  to 
provisions  and  the  Stopping  of  the  leak. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respectful  consideration. 
(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Laussat 
Commissioner  of  France  &c 


To  Laussat. 

New  Orleans  14  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  enclose  you  a  duplicate  Copy  of  my  instructions  to 
Captain  Cooper  relative  to  the  Privateer  La  Soeur 
Cherie 

Accept  assurances  of  my  Kespectful  consideration 
(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Laussat 
Commissioner  of  France  &c 


To  Wm.  Cooper. 

New  Orleans  14th  April  1804 
Sir, 

It  being  understood  that  the  French  armed  Schooner 
La  Soeur  Cherie,  detained  at  Placpiemine  has  put  into 
tliis  river  in  Distress  being  in  a  leaky  condition,  and  short 
of  provisions  She  may  be  permitted  to  pass  the  Fort  and 
I)roceed  to  New  Orleans  for  the  purpose  only  of  obtain- 
ing relief  from  her  present  distress,  I  mean  as  to  supply 
of  provisions,  and  the  stopping  of  the  leak. 
I  am  Sir  with  Kespect 
Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Wm.  Cooper 
Commanding  at  Plaquemine  'v  \  \ 


,  LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  99 

To  Laussat 

New  Orleans  14th  April  1804 
Sir, 

At  the  moment  of  closing  my  Letter  of  the  Morning  I 
received  advice  from  Capt.  Cooper,  that  he  had  detained 
at  Fort  Plaquemine,  the  English  Schooner  Ann  from 
New  Providence  mounting  two  guns. 

I  make  you  this  Communication,  in  order  to  convince 
you  that  the  orders  "as  to  the  detaining  at  Plaquemine 
all  armed  Vessels  until  my  permission  for  their  passing 
that  Fort"  is  obtained  are  strictly  and  impatialjy  exe- 
cuted. 

I  renew  to  you  the  assurances  of  my  respectful  con- 
sideration 

(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Laussat 
Commissioner  of  France  &c  &c 


To  Willicun  Cooper. 

New  Orleans  14th  April  1804 
Sir, 

It  being  understood  that  the  English  Vessel  Ann 
Mounting  two  Guns  detained  at  Plaquemine  as  a  Mer- 
chant Vessel,  manned  only  with  seven  Men,  and  bring- 
ing to  the  Market  of  New  Orleans  a  Cargo  of  Salt,  she 
may  be  permitted  to  pass  the  Fort. 

I  am  Sir  Respectfully 
your  obdt.  Sevt. 
Captain  Wm.  Cooper 
Conunanding  at  Fort  Plaquemine  ^        I 


100  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  14  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  this  morning  received  information  from  the  Officer 
Commanding  at  Plaquemines,  that  he  had  brought  to,  op- 
posite the  Fort,  a  French  Privateer  of  five  Guns,  and 
added  that  the  Vessel  was  in  a  leaky  condition  and  in 
want  of  provisions.  Shortly  thereafter  I  received  from 
Mr.  Laussat  a  Letter  upon  the  Subject,  a  Copy  of  which 
No.  1  is  enclosed,  to  which  I  returned  the  answer  No.  2 
and  gave  the  orders  No.  3. 

Innnediately  after  applying  to  Mr.  Laussats  letter,  I 
was  advised  that  a  British  armed  Schooner  of  two  Guns 
was  also  detained  at  the  Fort  upon  which  I  addressed  to 
Mr.  Laussat  a  Note  of  which  No.  4  is  a  Copy,  and  after 
receiving  (as  I  supposed)  correct  information  as  to  the 
British  Vessel,  I  gave  to  the  officer  commanding  at 
Plaquemine  the  instructions  No.  5.  At  the  moment  of 
closing  my  Letter,  I  received  from  Mr.  Laussat  the  com- 
munication No.  6. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  Respect. 

(Signed)   AVm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Sec.  of  State 


To  Laussat 

New  Orleans  14th  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honour  to  transmit  to  you  a  packet  which 
came  under  cover  of  a  Letter  to  me,  from  Lieutenant 
Many  of  the  United  States  Army,  and  which  I  this 


Letter  books  of  \v.  c.  c.  claiborite.  lOl 

moment  received.  Lieutenant  Many  is  the  Gentleman 
who  was  vested  with  authority  to  receive  possession  of 
the  Post  and  District  of  Arkansaw. 

Receive  my  best  wishes  for  a  continuance  of  your 
Health  &  happiness 

(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Laussat 
Commissioner  of  France  &c 


Address  from  the  Scholars  of  the  Abbe  Roland's  Acad- 
emy. 
Delivered  in  the  Government  House  on  the  15th  April 
1804 

"We  the  Children  of  Men,  who  emerging  by  the  Will  of 
the  Omnipotent  from  a  State  they  were  obliged  to  Submit 
to,  have  the  invaluable  advantage  of  becoming  the 
Brothers  of  a  Gallant,  liberal  and  Magnanimous  people, 
who  looking  up  to  Heaven  as  the  only  Source  of  their 
rights,  did  not  claim  them  from  the  promises  of  Kings, 
but  from  the  benevolent  Parent  of  the  Universe. 

We  beg  leave  to  approach  your  Excellency  in  order  to 
congratulate  you,  or  much  rather  ourselves  for  finding 
in  your  person  a  Statesman  of  sound  understanding  and 
amiable  virtues  who  will  be  an  eye- Witness  of  the  high 
estimation  in  which  our  Fathers,  our  Fellow  Citizens,  and 
ourselves,  hold  the  privileges  of  becoming  a  constituent 
part  of  the  Body  of  a  Gallant  People,  who  acquired  their 
Freedom,  at  the  the  expense  of  their  blood 

We  will  shed  our  own  to  the  last  drop  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  that  precious  liberty,  and  as  a  proof  of  the  Sin- 
cerity of  the  promises  we  now  Solemnly  make  in  your  Ex- 
cellency's presence,  we  have  decorated  our  persons  with 


*  Another  indication  of  Claiborne's  interest  in  education. 


102  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  American  Eagle.  The  Eagle  is  the  premium  of  our 
Juvenile  Labours  in  endeavouring  to  acquire  a  knowledge 
of  Literature  so  much  recommended  in  your  Excellent 
Speech  of  the  20th  December  last. 

May  your  Excellency  Live  long  enough  among  us  to 
AVitness  the  Sincerity  of  our  devotion,  and  Submission 
to  a  Government  the  most  Sublime  Mankind  could  ever 
frame.^ 

To  which  his  Excellency  was  pleased  to  Make  the  fol- 
lowing Reply —  to  M.  L'Abbe  Roland 
Sir, 

Have  the  goodness  to  communicate  to  communicate 
to  your  Scholars,  "the  pleasure  I  experienced  in  receiv- 
ing a  visit  from  so  many  amiable  and  promising  youths, 
and  my  Sincere  desire  that  they  may  become  useful  and 
worthy  members  of  Society.  Be  so  obliging  as  to  add 
tliat  it  is  by  their  merit  only,  they  can  hope  to  attain 
future  respectability^,  and  that  by  a  due  attention  to  their 
Studies  and  moral  conduct,  they  may  look  forward  with 
confidence  to  the  highest  honours  in  the  power  of  a  Free 
Nation  to  bestow  and  thus  become  the  pride  of  their  par- 
ents, their  friends  and  their  Country." 

I  was  pleased  to  observe  as  the  pledge  of  their  fidelity 
and  attachment  to  civil  freedom,  their  persons  decorated 
with  the  Eagle.  It  is  a  S^mibol  dear  to  the  Americans 
their  Brothers,  who  fought  for  Liberty,  and  remains,  the 
badge  of  their  Victory  in  that  glorious  struggle,  I  take 
this  opportunity  to  offer  you  Sir  my  best  wishes  for  the 
prosperity  of  your  Academy.  The  care  of  the  Morals 
and  Education  of  youth  is  an  important  trust ;  and  those 
who  discharge  it  with  fidelity;  deservedly  hold  a  high 
rank  in  every  free  and  well  governed  community.     If  I 


'  The  good  feeling  of  the  French  population  for  the  United  States 
and  its  people  found  expression  through  their  children  in  this  mani- 
festation of  love  for  the  new  government. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        103 

have  a  favorite  wish  it  is  to  see  Science  rear  her  Lofty 
head  throughout  United  America.  I  wish  it  because  I  am 
fixed  in  the  persuasion,  that  the  general  diffusion  of 
knowledge  through  a  country  is  the  best  friend  and  Safe- 
guard of  a  people 's  rights,  and  the  greatest  security  for 
the  permanence  of  their  Liberties  and  the  promotion  of 
their  happiness. 

I  am.  Sir  with  great  Respect 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 

(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
New  Orleans  1804 


Mr.  Thomas  Villaneuva. 

New  Orleans  April  17th  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
Letter  of  the  28th  Ultimo  relative  to  the  Complaint  of 
Gaspard  placentia  an  Lihabitant  of  your  District  against 
the  wife  of  Lawrence  Acosta,  for  Scandalous  expressions 
against  the  Family  of  said  Placencia  by  the  mfe  of  said 
Acosta.  You  are  hereby  required  to  take  all  the  neces- 
sary Steps  to  investigate  this  dispute  and  to  use  every 
means  in  your  power  to  bring  about  a  happy  and  friendly 
reconciliation,  by  urging  the  party  in  fault  to  make 
proper  concessions.  If  this  cannot  be  done  however  and 
you  find  upon  examination  that  the  charges  against  the 
said  Acosta 's  Wife  be  just,  you  are  to  oblige  her  to  make 
reparation  to  Mr.  Placencia 's  family  by  such  concessions 
as  you  may  think  proper  and  Sufficient,  and  in  case  of  her 
refusing  so  to  do,  you  are  at  liberty  to  fine  her  in  any 
sum  not  exceeding  one  Hundred  dollars,  and  to  oblige  her 
to  give  bond  and  sufficient  security  for  her  good  be- 


104  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

liaviour  during  the  space  of  six  months  and  in  case  of  re- 
fusal to  give  such  security  she  and  her  Husband  shall  be 
condemned  to  pay  immediately  the  sum  of  one  Hundred 
dollars. 

I  am  Sir  with  Sentiments  of  Respect  and  consideration 
your  obdt.  Sevt. 

(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Thos.  Villaneuva 
Commandant  dans  la  Fourche  De  Chatimachas 


To  Gen.  Wilkinson. 

New  Orleans  18th  April  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  been  authorized  by  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
present  the  Battalion  of  Free  Mullato's  with  a  stand  of 
Colours,  and  in  order  to  prevent  a  jealousy  among  the 
other  Corps  of  Militia,  I  find  it  indispensible  to  present 
the  Orleans  Volunteers,  and  the  City  Regiment  of  Militia 
each  with  a  Standard.  I  discover  that  it  will  be  attended 
with  expense  to  procure  these  Standards  in  this  City, 
and  much  delay,  to  avoid  the  first  but  more  particularly 
the  Latter,  which  will  tend  to  retard  the  organization  of 
the  Militia,  I  beg  General  that  you  would  spare  me  one 
of  the  standards  belonging  to  the  late  4th  United  States 
Regiment,  and  which  is  now  unused  in  your  armj^ 

If  you  should  do  me  this  favour  and  the  Secretary  of 
War  should  wish  a  return  of  the  Standard,  it  shall  be 
delivered  to  his,  or  to  your  order,  but  I  flatter  myself,  the 
Secretary  will  not  be  disposed  to  reclaim  it. 

Permit  me  to  inform  you  General  that  I  shall  commit 
this  Flag  to  the  Orleans  Volunteers  and  I  persuade  my- 
self it  will  be  guarded  with  courage,  and  when  the  occa- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIfiORNE.  105 

sion  demands  will  witness  achievements  honorable  to  our 
country. 

I  am  Sir,  very  Respectfully 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
General  James  Wilkinson 


To  Peter  Sigur. 

New  Orleans  19th  April  1804 
Sir, 

There  being  at  Present  no  commandant  in  your  Dis- 
trict you  will  take  cognizance  of  the  Matter  in  dispute 
between  Joseph  Orillon,  and  John  Charles  Camau,  and 
do  on  the  occasion,  that  which  may  appear  to  you  to  be 
just. 

I  am  Sir  Respectfully 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Peter  Sigur  Esq. 
Syndic  of  Iberville 


New  Orleans  19th  April  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

Having  received  a  Letter  on  the  17th  instant  from 
Mr.  De  La  Hogue  containing  his  resignation  as  Secretary 
of  the  Municipality  I  have  to  request  you  to  nominate  a 
person  whom  you  may  deem  qualified  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  that  office  and  to  assure  you  that  he  shall  re- 
ceive the  appointment. 


106  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  he  with  Respect  and  consid- 
eration. 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Bore  Mayor 


New  Orleans  19th  April  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

Having  determined  upon  an  immediate  reorganiza- 
tion of  the  Militia  of  New  Orleans,  and  it  being  necessary 
to  the  accomplishment  of  this  important  object  to  ascer- 
tain the  number  of  persons  capable  of  bearing  arms,  I 
have  to  request  your  Council  to  cause  to  be  taken  a  cor- 
rect census  of  all  the  free  male  white  inhabitants  of  this 
City  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and  forty  five  and  to 
report  the  same  to  me. 

Relying  with  confidence  on  the  exertions  and  aid  of 
the  Municipality  in  all  measures  for  the  general  good. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  considerations  of  re- 
spect 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Bore  Mayor 


To  Francis  Rivas. 

New  Orleans  20th  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
favour  of  the  14tli  instant  relative  to  the  nomination  of 
a  Commandant  to  succeed  you  in  the  District  of  Iberville, 
and  have  to  observe  that  Mr.  Francis  Connel  is  named  to 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       l07 

that  office  and  will  by  this  opportunity  receive  his  com- 
mission. 

You  are  therefore  requested  to  deliver  to  him  all  the 
papers  and  other  documents  appertaining  to  the  District. 
Your  Letter  of  the  20th  Ultimo  never  came  to  hand. 

I  am  Sir  with  Respect  and  consideration 
Your  obdt.  St. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Francis  Rivas 
late  Commandant  of  Iberville 


To  Joseph  L.  Andry 

New  Orleans  20th  April  1804 
Sir, 

A  number  of  persons  have  made  application  to  me 
concerning  Debts  due  to  them  from  the  Estate  of  Hese- 
kiah  Rus  Deceased,  and  it  appearing,  that  this  man  died 
in  your  District  during  the  time  that  Mr.  Croquer  was 
commandant  of  the  same  you  are  requested  to  take  the 
necessary  Steps  to  examine  into  the  situation  of  the  Es- 
tate of  Said  Rus  and  should  it  be  found  that  he  left  any 
monies  or  property  of  any  kind,  you  will  appropriate  the 
same  to  the  payment  of  his  Lawful  Debts,  and  in  general 
to  do  everj^thing  relative  thereto  that  justice  may  require. 

I  am  Sir  with  due  Respect 

Your  obd.  St. 
(Signed)  AYm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Joseph  L  Andry 
Commandant  of  the  2nd  Acadian  Coast 


108  Mississippi  territorial  archives. 

To  Henry  Dearborn. 

New  Orleans  20tli  April  1804 
Sir, 

In  conformity  with  my  advice  Joseph  Chambers, 
United  States  Factor  for  the  Chactaw  Nation,  has  ship- 
ped a  quantity  of  Peltry  for  Philadelphia  (via  New  Or- 
leans). On  the  passage  of  the  Peltry  down  the  Mobile 
River  a  duty  was  demanded  by  the  Spanish  Government 
at  the  Town  of  Mobile  and  which  Mr.  Chambers  paid  not 
however  without  entering  a  Protest  against  the  proceed- 
ing, a  copy  of  which  I  now  enclose  you. 

Some  provisions  sent  by  the  Contractor  from  this 
City  to  Fort  Stoddart,  were  also  detained  at  Mobile  until 
a  duty  of  12  Pet  was  paid  thereon:  duties  are  also  ex- 
acted on  all  exports  passing  down  the  Mobile,  and  paid 
very  reluctantly  by  our  Citizens.' 

The  Spaniards  are  fortifying  Pensacola,  and  the  Town 
of  Mobile,  at  the  former  place  there  is  to  be  stationed 
five  or  Six  hundred  Men,  and  at  the  Latter  a  Battalion  of 
Artillery  and  one  Company  of  Dragoons,  are  now  em- 
ployed. 

General  Wilkinson  will  leave  this  City  for  New  York 
in  three  or  four  days,  he  takes  his  passage  on  Board  the 
Ship  Louisiana.    Every  thing  is  tranquil  in  Orleans. 
With  Respect  and  Esteem 
your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
Henry  Dearborn 
Secty.  of  War 

*  This  action  on  the  part  of  the  Spanish  authorities  was  one  of  the 
chief  causes  of  the  movement  which  resulted  in  the  loss  of  the  Floridas 
by  Spain. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       109 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  21st  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  nothing  Interesting  to  communicate,  nor  would 
I  write  you  by  this  Mail,  were  it  not  to  inform  you  that 
the  most  perfect  good  order  prevails  in  this  City.  I  find 
the  most  trifling  occurrences  here  attract  attention  to  the 
Northward,  and  that  a  disposition  exists  among  some 
people  to  give  to  certain  events  a  consequence  they  do 
not  merit.  To  prevent  therefore  Misrepresentations  I 
have  thought  it  proper  to  write  you  by  every  Mail. 

Mr.  Laussat  it  is  said  will  leave  this  Port  in  the  course 
of  the  day  on  his  passage  to  Gaudaloupe  but  the  period 
of  his  departure,  and  place  of  destination  are  not  certain- 
ly known.  My  Letter  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  which  goes 
by  this  Mail  will  acquaint  you  with  the  State  of  things 
on  the  Mobile. 

General  Wilkinson  will  sail  tomorrow  or  next  day  for 
New  York  on  Board  the  Ship  Louisiana. 

With  Respect  and  Esteem  I  am  Sir 
your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  Cato  West. 

New  Orleans  21st  April  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

I  enclose  you  a  Bond  which  has  been  forwarded  to  me, 
by  Theodore  Brightwell  Sheriff  of  Washington  County. 

The  Spanish  Officers  on  the  Mobile  have  lately  exacted 
and  received  duties  on  goods  of  the  United  States  pass- 
ing from  Fort  St.  Sephens  to  New  Orleans,  and  on  provi- 


110  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

sions  destined  to  Fort  St.  Stoddart.  These  proceedings 
will  tend  to  settle  the  claim  of  the  United  States  to  West 
Florida  or  rather  to  bring  it  to  a  Speedy  issue.  Good 
order  prevails  in  Louisiana  and  the  Government  pro- 
gresses much  better  than  I  had  anticipated. 

Some  of  the  late  Emigrants  are  dissatisfied  with  the 
change,  and  have  manifested  turbulent  restless  disposi- 
tions, but  the  great  Mass  of  the  people  are  pleased  with 
their  present  political  relations,  and  I  believe  their  gen- 
uine character  to  be  amiable.  Mr  Laussat  will  leave  this 
City  in  the  course  of  this  day,  he  is  destined  it  is  said  to 
Gaudeloupe.  General  Wilkinson  sails  for  New  York  to- 
morrow or  next  day. 

With  Respect  and  Esteem 
your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
Cato  West  Secty.  of  the  Mississippi  Terrty. 


To  Thomas  Villaneuva 

New  Orleans  23  April  1804 
Sir, 

Mr.  James  Owens  has  presented  himself  to  me,  de- 
claring that  he  has  for  some  months  past  kept  a  Ferry 
across  the  Lake  Venett,  and  that  he  wishes  permission  to 
continue  the  same.  You  are  hereby  requested  to  take  the 
subject  into  consideration,  and  should  you  find  it  neces- 
sary to  keep  up  the  said  Ferry,  and  that  the  said  James 
Owens  is  qualified  for  that  employment  you  are  author- 
ized to  give  him  a  License. 

With  Respect  I  am  Sir 
your  obdt.  Sevt. 
Mr.  Thos.  Villineuva    (Signed)    Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Commandant  Dans  la  fourche  De  Chatimachas 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       Ill 

Address  from  the  Citizens  of  Wilkinson  County  in  the 
Mississippi  Territory 

To  His  Excellency  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of 
the  Mississippi  Territory  exercising  the  powers  of  Gov- 
ernor General  and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Lou- 
isiana. 

An  Officer  of  high  trust  and  confidence,  whose  efforts 
have  ever  tended  to  promote  the  General  "Welfare,  is  en- 
titled to  the  grateful  thanks  of  his  Fellow  Citizens. 

The  Inhabitants  of  the  County  of  Wilkinson  there- 
fore pray  your  Excellency  to  accept  their  fullest  appro- 
bation, of  wise  and  virtuous  measures  of  your  late  ad- 
ministration, in  the  Mississippi  Territory  and  assurances 
of  the  firm  Support  which  is  due  from  a  Patriotic  Com- 
munity to  a  public  Functionary  whose  only  object  is  the 
happiness  of  the  people. 

The  Simplicity  of  manners  and  dignified  conduct  ob- 
served by  your  Excellency  in  discharging  the  important 
trust  of  Commissioner  on  the  part  of  the  United  States 
for  receiving  the  Province  of  Louisiana,  will  remain  a 
lasting  monument  of  Honest  fame  not  to  be  resisted  by 
the  breath  of  faction. 

We  offer  your  Excellency  our  Sincere  congratulations 
on  the  fidelity  with  which  our  adopted  Brethren,  embrace 
the  principles  of  the  American  Government;  the  record 
of  this  transaction  must  be  a  Source  of  the  highest  fe- 
licity to  every  philanthropic  heart,  and  the  meritorious 
officer  who  witnessed  the  sudden  transition,  and  by  the 
exercise  of  Sound  Philosophy  checked  the  rising  impulse 
of  opposition  will  be  duly  appreciated  by  every  Citizen 
of  America.  Should  the  President  of  the  United  States 
require  a  continuation  of  the  aid  of  your  Excellency  in 
the  high  Station,  you  now  fill,  we  shall  earnestly  regret 
(the  loss)  thereby  sustained  in  this  Section  of  the  union.^ 

*  Claiborne  was  popular  in  Mississippi  Territory,  as  his  administra- 
tion as  governor  had  been  a  great  success. 


112  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

But  to  whatever  Situation  your  Excellency  may  be 
called  by  the  General  Government  we  pledge  to  you  our 
high  esteem. 

March  18th  1804 

To  which  his  Excellency  the  Governor  made  the  fol- 
lowing Reply. 

To  the  Inhabitants  of  the  County  of  Wilkinson  in  the 
Mississippi  Territory 

Fellow  Citizens 

Your  friendly  and  respectful  address  could  not  fail 
to  awaken  in  a  grateful  Breast,  the  most  pleasing  Sensa- 
tions. In  the  course  of  my  administration  in  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory,  my  only  object  being  the  general  wel- 
fare, I  relied  with  confidence  on  the  support  of  a  gener- 
ous people :  Your  approbation  therefore  is  received  with 
sincere  thanks,  and  viewed  rather  as  a  testimonial  in  fa- 
vor of  my  good  intentions,  than  of  useful  public  Services. 

I  reciprocate  with  Sincerity  your  congratulations  on 
the  present  happy  tranquility  of  Louisiana,  and  be  assur- 
ed there  is  nothing  I  more  ardently  deside  than  to  see 
our  new  Brothers  universally  attached  to  the  principles, 
and  the  perpetuity  of  their  Union  with  the  United  States, 
the  first  object  of  their  Political  affections. 

I  am  particularly  indebted  to  you  Gentlemen  for  the 
Interest  you  take  in  my  future  destiny,  and  permit  me  to 
declare,  that  in  whatever  situation  I  may  be  placed, 
whether  of  a  public  or  private  nature  I  shall  cherish  a 
lively  recollection  of  the  Honour  you  have  done  me,  and 
Sincere  wishes  for  your  prosperity  and  happiness. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

New  Orleans  23rd  April  1804 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CL/VIBORNE.  113 

To  Mayor  Bore. 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
favour  of  the  21  instant  and  to  express  my  thanks  for  the 
lively  interest  you  take  in  the  public  welfare  w^hich  is 
manifested  not  by  expressions  alone  but  by  actions.  The 
Subject  of  your  Letter  is  certainly  of  high  importance  to 
the  Safety  and  prosperity  of  our  country;  I  beg  you 
therefore  to  be  assured  of  my  cheerful  and  prompt  co- 
operation on  the  occasion. 

With  the  view  of  remedying  the  evils  to  be  appre- 
hended from  the  improper  introduction  of  Slaves  and 
other  people  of  Colour  from  the  Islands,  I  had  thought  it 
sufficient  to  cause  all  persons  of  this  description  to  be 
stopped  at  Plaquemines  until  they  obtained  my  permis- 
sion to  ascend  the  River.  Finding  however  from  your 
communication  that  these  Means  have  not  been  adequate 
to  the  object  in  view,  and  notwithstanding  all  my  Vigi- 
lance some  improper  and  dangerous  persons  have  been 
introduced  into  the  Country  I  shall  avail  myself  of  your 
proposition  for  additional  precautions :  therefore  no  per- 
son shall  introduce  Negroes  into  Louisiana  of  any  de- 
scription whatever,  until  they  have  first  been  stopped,  by 
the  Commandant  of  Plaquemine  who  shall  forward  to  me 
a  list  of  their  number  and  if  after  the  declaration  of  the 
owner  I  shall  think  proper  to  let  them  come  up  to  the 
City,  the  owner  thereof  or  the  Captain  of  the  Vessel  shall 
be  obliged  to  detain  them  on  Board  until  there  arrival 
here,  when  they  shall  be  visited  by  two  persons  named 
for  that  purpose,  one  of  whom  shall  be  the  Physician  of 
the  Port  and  the  other  a  member  of  the  Municipality  to 
be  named  by  the  Mayor,  with  Respect  to  those  dangerous 

II— 8 


114  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Negroes  already  introduced  into  Louisiana  should  I  be 
able  to  discover  them  I  will  direct  measures  for  their 
Speedy  removal. 

I  beg  you  to  accept  the  assurance  of  my  esteem,  and 
the  considerations  of  respect  with  which  I  have  the  Hon- 
our to  be 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
Mr,  Bore  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Ma^^or 


To  Capt.  Davis. 

New  Orleans  25th  April  1804 
Sir, 

You  will  immediately  visit  the  French  Privateer  that 
arrived  this  morning  and  ascertain  the  number  of  guns 
and  Men  she  has  on  Board,  and  as  far  as  it  practicable, 
the  particular  injury  she  has  sustained  from  the  tempest 
which  is  said  to  be  the  cause  of  her  seeking  an  assylum  in 
this  Port.  This  Privateer  is  positively  forbad  to  aug- 
ment her  Cannon,  arms  or  any  implements  of  War  in 
Louisiana ;  or  to  increase  her  crew  by  enlisting  any  Citi- 
zen of  the  United  States,  or  any  person  who  now  is,  and 
was  an  inhabitant  of  Louisiana  previous  to  the  30th  of 
April  1803.  Acts  of  this  kind  are  public  offences  and  I 
shall  punish  with  all  the  severity  authorized  by  the  Law 
the  persons  who  commit  them.  You  will  therefore  watch 
the  motions  of  this  Privateer  and  acquaint  me  of  any  im- 
proioer  conduct. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
Captain  Davis  (Signed)        Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Harbour  Master 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  115 

To  Capt.  Boyer. 

New  Orleans  25th  April  1804 
Sir, 

I  regret  making  of  yon  any  reqnest  which  may  tend 
to  increase  the  dnty  to  be  performed  by  the  few  Regnlar 
Troops  under  yonr  command:  but  for  the  purpose  of 
committing  to  a  confidential  bearer  the  several  orders, 
which  in  my  official  Character  I  am  obliged  daily  to  give 
to  some  of  the  Civil  or  Militia  Officers  of  this  City  it  will 
be  a  great  accomodation  to  me  if  you  would  detach  for 
duty  (as  heretofore)  at  the  Government  House,  and  Or- 
derly Sergeant. 

I  am  Sir  with  Respect  and  Esteem 
3^our  Obdt.  Servt. 
Capt.  Boyer  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Commanding  the  United  States  Troops  at  Ncav  Orleans 


An  Ordinance 


To  alter  the  times  of  holding  the  Court  of  Pleas  in  and 
for  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  and  the  better  to  regu- 
late and  define  the  powers  thereof  and  of  single  Mag- 
istrates in  relation  to  contempts. 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory  exercising  the  powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

Be  it  ordained  that,  in  lieu  of  the  Weekly  Sessions  of 
the  Court  Pleas  in  and  for  the  City  of  New  Orleans  here- 
tofore directed ;  the  said  Court  shall  sit  once  only  in  each 
Month,  that  is  to  say,  on  the  first  monda}^  of  each  month 
and  by  adjournment  from  day  to  day  until  the  whole  of 
the  business  of  the  Term  shall  have  been  dispatched,  or 
the  Court  shall  have  sat  on  three  days  Successively,  when 
it  shall  be  adjourned  to  the  Next  month. 


116  MISSISSIPPI    TEPtRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

And  be  it  further  ordained,  that  all  writs  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  Sheriff  returnable  to  the  said  Court  before 
the  first  monday  of  the  next  ensuing  Month  Shall  be  re- 
turned to  the  Court  to  be  then  holden,  and  that  all  writs 
in  like  manner  returnable  on  any  day  Subsequent  to  the 
said  first  monday  of  the  next  ensuing  Month,  shall  be  re- 
turned on  the  first  Monday  of  the  month  afterwards 
thence  next  ensuing,  without  prejudice  of  error  or  other- 
wise, to  any  party. 

And  be  it  further  ordained  that  persons  offering  any 
contempt  to  the  said  Court,  may  be  immediately  pun- 
ished by  the  Authority  of  the  same,  by  a  fine  not  to  exceed 
Fifty  dollars  and  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  forty 
eight  hours,  and  that  a  like  contempt  offered  to  a  single 
Magistrate  in  the  execution  of  his  duty  may  be  in  like 
manner  by  him  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  twenty 
five  dollars,  and  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  twenty 
four  Hours. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  administra- 
tion at  the  City  of  New  Orleans  the  twenty  Seventh  day 
of  April  1804,  and  in  the  28th  year  of  American  Inde- 
pendence. 
[L.  S.]  (Signed)   Wm.  C.C.  Claiborne 


To  Thomas  Jefferson. 

New  Orleans  27th  April  1804 
Sir, 

At  the  particular  request  of  Peter  Pedisclaux,  a  Re- 
corded of  Mortgages,  and  a  Notary  Public  in  this  City,  I 
take  the  Liberty  to  forward  to  you,  the  enclosed  Petition 
and  the  Documents  accompanying  it.  On  my  Arrival  in 
this  City,  I  found  the  offices  of  Mr.  Peter  Pedisclaux 
shut,  and  himself  invested  with  no  appointment  under  the 
administration  of  Mr.  Laussat  the  Colonial  Prefect. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       117 

Mr.  Pedisclaux  was  an  early  applicant  for  office  under 
my  administration,  and  Stated  his  high  pretensions  to 
favour  from  his  former  faithful  services,  his  large  family, 
and  his  former  purchase  of  employment.  I  soon  found 
however  that  Mr.  Pedisclaux 's  Services  had  not  been 
very  meritorious  in  the  opinion  of  all  the  Society,  for 
some  of  the  most  Respectable  Citizens  here,  among 
whom  were  some  Members  of  the  Municipality  repre- 
sented him  as  unworthy  of  my  confidence,  and  stated 
that  his  Public  conduct  had  heretofore  been  marked  with 
great  impropriety. 

For  some  days,  I  was  undetermined  in  what  manner 
to  dispose  of  Mr.  Pedisclaux 's  applications,  at  last  how- 
ever from  the  great  interest  which  the  Spanish  Of- 
ficers took  in  his  favour  as  also  several  respectable  Citi- 
zens of  this  place,  who  represented  him  as  a  worthy 
capable  man,  and  the  Head  of  a  large  family  I  appointed 
him  a  Recorded  of  Mortgages,  and  a  Notary  Public  offices 
of  some  profit  and  particularly  the  Latter  which  is  much 
sought  after.  \ 

The  Office  of  Auctioneer  formerly  enjoyed  by  Mr. 
Pedisclaux,  I  conferred  on  another  Citizen,  under  the  im- 
pression that  a  Monopoly  of  Offices  was  unjust,  impolitic 
and  contrary  to  the  genius  of  our  Government.  If  Mr. 
Pedisclaux 's  right  to  office  be  established  from  the  con- 
sideration of  a  former  purchase,  similar  claims  wdll 
probably  be  set  up  by  other  persons  who  were  formerly 
in  office  in  this  Province. 

My  own  opinion  is,  that  Mr.  Pedisclaux  already  holds 
as  lucrative  offices  under  the  present  Government  as  his 
merits  entitle  him  to. 

With  Sentiments  of  the  Highest  Respect —  I  have  the 

Honour  to  be  i^ji  c*     i. 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 

rr,,  T  ^  (Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Thomas  Jefterson  ^    ^       ^ 

President  of  the  United  States 


118  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

.To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  28th  April  1804 
Sir, 

The  French  Privateer  mentioned  in  my  Letter  of  the 
fourteenth  instant  has  just  arrived  at  this  Port.  I  en- 
close you  a  Copy  of  the  report  of  Doctor  AVatkins  rela- 
tive to  this  Vessel,  and  also  of  my  instructions  to  the 
Harbour  Master. 

General  Wilkinson  sailed  for  New  York  on  this  Morn- 
ing on  Board  the  Ship  Louisiana. 

It  is  understood  that  Mr.  Laussat  took  his  departure 
on  Saturday  last,  and  was  destined  for  Guadeloupe. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully  your  most  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
TheHonble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


From  Thomas  Jefferson  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  March  18th  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

It  is  understood  that  under  the  former  Government  of 
Louisiana  there  was  an  appeal  in  Judiciary  Matters  from 
the  Governor  to  the  Governor  General  at  Cuba.  The 
writer  of  the  enclosed  probably  presumed  that  this  was 
now  to  the  President  of  the  United  States.^  This  is  an 
error.  No  Authority  has  as  yet  been  constituted  para- 
mount to  that  of  the  Governor.  While  such  is  the  situa- 
tion I  have  thought  it  best  in  such  cases  to  remand  the 
cases  to  yourself  for  a  second  consideration  in  the  nature 

^  A  petition  bringing  a  local  matter  to  the  attention  of  the  President 
explained  in  the  letter  following. 


'LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       119 

of  a  Bill  of  review.  So  that  instead  of  the  Party 's  right 
to  appeal  to  another  Authority,  will  be  substituted  a  right 
of  reconsideration  by  the  same.  In  this  case  the  remand- 
ing is  to  be  considered  as  a  measure  of  course",  and  is  not 
conveying  in  the  slightest  degree  an  opinion  or  even  a 
Suspicion  that  there  is  error  in  the  first  proceedings. 
AVith  this  view  I  now  send  you  the  enclosed  papers,  and 
only  desire  that  your  ultimate  decision  may  be  communi- 
cated to  the  party  with  such  a  Statement  of  the  grounds 
of  decision  as,  if  he  be  reasonable,  ought  to  be  satisfac- 
tory to  him. 

The  House  of  Representatives  yesterday  passed  the 
Louisiana  Bill,  with  an  amendment  which  is  now  to  go 
back  to  the  Senate.  It  provides  for  an  early  admission 
of  Representative  Government  in  the  State  of  Orleans, 
and  an  annexation  of  the  residue  of  Louisiana  to  the  In- 
diana Government,  the  dividing  line  is  the  parrallel  of 
Latitude  10  Miles  North  of  Natchitoches,  The  law  com- 
mences six  months  hence  and  till  then  the  present  Gov- 
ernment continues.  I  think  the  Bill  will  pass  the  other 
House  in  nearly  this  form. 

Accept  my  Friendl}^  Salutations  and  Assurances  of 
great  Esteem  and  Respect. 

(Signed)   Th:  Jefferson 
Governor  Claiborne 


To  Tliomas  Jefferson. 

New  Orleans  1st  May  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

I  had  the  Honour  to  receive  yours  of  the  18th  of  March 
concerning  the  complaint  of  Mr,  Baudin  whose  goods 
were  Seized  in  execution  at  the  suit  of  Mr.  Labie,  and  I 
pray  you  to  accept  my  thanks  for  this  additional  proof  of 
confidence  which  you  are  pleased  to  repose  in  me. 


120  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

I  have  already  announced  to  the  Department  of  State 
the  Establishment  of  a  Court  for  the  dispatch  of  Judicial 
business  in  New  Orleans  in  all  suits  brought  for  sums  of 
three  Thousand  dollars  and  under.  The  justices  of  that 
Court  were  selected,  to  the  best  of  my  judgment  and  in- 
formation, from  among  the  most  intelligent  and  respect- 
al^le  inhabitants  of  the  City  and  its  Vicinity.  The  forms 
of  proceedings  I  in  a  great  measure  left  to  their  own  dis- 
cretion, convinced  that  they  would  adopt  such  as  would 
be  most  consistent  with  equity  and  and  the  convenience 
and  habits  of  the  Citizens ;  and  I  was  not  displeased  to 
find  that  the}^  dispensed  with  much  of  the  routine  which 
seems  to  have  been  practised  in  the  Spanish  courts  for 
the  mere  purposes  of  delay  and  favour,  and  excessive  ac- 
cumulation of  costs. 

It  is  stated  to  me  that  the  suit  in  question  was  brought 
for  the  recovery  of  one  thousand  dollars,  money  actually 
lent,  and  interest  thereon.  Mr.  Baudin  the  Defendant 
was  summoned  to  appear,  but  neglecting  to  do  so,  the 
cause  was  heard  ex  parte,  Judgment  went  against  him, 
and  his  property  was  seized  by  order  of  the  Court,  I  be- 
lieve in  the  manner  in  which  he  represents. 

While  the  execution  was  pending  Mr.  Baudin  Solicited 
me  to  arrest  it,  alledging  that  the  proceedings  against 
him  were  informal:  but  as  he  did  not  deny  the  Debt,  or 
Suggest  any  Substantial  merits  on  which  a  defence  could 
be  grounded,  I  was  unwilling  to  interfere  with  the  judg- 
ment of  the  Court,  and  Suffered  the  execution  to  proceed, 
only  taking  care  that  the  privileges  of  Mr.  Baudin  as  a 
Sugar  Planter,  under  the  laws  of  the  Indies  should  not  be 
violated.  Those  Laws  as  I  understand  them,  exempt 
from  the  common  process  of  execution  all  sugar  works, 
and  lands  employed  in  the  cultivation  of  Cane,  together, 
with  all  Slaves,  Cattle  and  implements  actually  used  in 
raising  and  manufacturing  Sugar :  But  it  has  been,  as  I 
am  told,  tlie  usage  liere  that,  Sugars  when  made,  as  well  as 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  121 

the  other  property  of  the  Planter  are  liable,  as  in  common 
eases,  to  be  seized  for  the  Satisfaction  of  Judgments  ob- 
tained against  him.  The  Seizure  was  I  believe,  correctly 
levied,  and  the  suit  was  afterwards  compromised  previ- 
ous to  a  Sale. 

Agreeably  to  your  wish,  I  will  communicate  to  Mr. 
Baudin  and  his  Creditors  (for  he  has  since  become  a 
Bankrupt)  your  receipt  of  his  Petition,  and  instructions 
thereon,  together,  with  the  reasons  of  my  opinion  in  his 
case  which  I  hope  may  be  Satisfactory. 

With  Sentiments  of  great  Respect  and  Sincere  Esteem 
I  have  the  Honour  to  be  your  most  obdt.  St. 

(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Thomas  Jefferson 
President  of  the  United  States 


To  Mayor  Bore. 

New  Orleans  2nd  May  1804 
To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
Letters  of  the  5th,  and  28th  Ultimo.  In  reply  to  the  first 
I  have  to  observe  that,  your  regulations  respecting  dogs 
appear  to  me  well  calculated  to  remedy  the  evils  to  be  ap- 
prehended from  the  great  number  of  those  animals  which 
at  present  infest  our  City,  and  therefore  meet  my  entire 
approbation.  Your  Letter  of  the  28th  Ultimo  shall  be  at- 
tended to  in  due  time. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  Respect  and  consideration  your 
obdt.  Servt. 

(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Bore 

Mayor 


122  MISSISSIPPI    TEBRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

From  James  Madison  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  February  6th  1804 
Department  of  State 
Sir, 

Your  several  Letters  of  the  17th,  20th  and  27th  De- 
cember and  2nd  January  have  been  successively  received. 
They  were  not  acknoAvledged  from  time  to  time,  as  they 
came  to  hand,  because  instructions  from  the  President 
having  been  fully  given  on  the  subject  of  obtaining 
possession  of  Louisiana,  it  only  remained  to  learn  the 
result  of  your  proceedings  and  to  communicate  his  Senti- 
ments thereon.  These  are  contained  in  the  enclosed  Let- 
ter of  this  date  to  yourself  and  General  Wilkinson.  Your 
last  Letter  of  January  has  been  put  into  the  hands  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  that  he  may  take  whatever 
measures  he  may  think  proper  on  the  subjects  within  his 
Department.  Enclosed  is  a  copy  of  the  Bill  for  the  Gov- 
ernment of  Louisiana,  now  depending  before  the  Senate. 
Several  alterations  have  been  already  made  in  it,  and  it 
is  possible,  that  others  may  be  made,  if  not  in  the  Senate, 
in  the  House  of  Representatives,  through  which  the  Bill 
has  yet  to  pass.  No  Conjecture  can  be  formed  of  the  time 
at  which  it  will  be  finally  decided.  The  Novelty  and  the 
nature  of  the  Subject,  which  has  given  rise  to  the  past  de- 
lay in  one  House  may  be  expected  to  have  considerable 
though  probably  less  effect  in  the  other,  where  the  Mem- 
bers must  individually  have  had  the  Subject  under  con- 
sideration. As  soon  as  the  Bill  shall  have  become  a  Law, 
no  time  will  be  lost  in  transmitting  it  to  you. 

With  great  respect  I  am  Sir 

Your  most  obdt.  Sevt. 

(Signed)   James  Madison 
Governor  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       123 

From  James  Madison  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  April  2nd  1804 
Department  of  State 
Sir, 

Since  my  last  I  have  received  your  Letters  on  the  4th, 
6th,  and  13th  February  and  that  of  yourself  and  General 
Wilkinson  dated  on  the  7th,  and  14  Feby  enclosed  you  will 
receive  two  copies  of  an  Act  of  Congress  passed  on  the 
26th  Ultimo  erecting  Louisiana  into  two  Separate  Gov- 
ernments^ and  continuing  the  present  temporary  Govern- 
ment until  the  1st  October  next. 

The  disturbance  at  the  assembly  Room  on  the  22nd 
of  January  had  been  communicated  by  Mr.  Pichon  with 
several  particulars  of  a  nature  to  create  anxiety  but  the 
impression  is  certainly  removed  by  the  different  aspect 
given  to  that  occurrence  by  the  depositions  which  you 
have  enclosed.  As  after  the  delivery  of  the  Province  its 
police  devolved  upon  the  American  Functionaries,  and  as 
Mr.  Laussats  authority  could  not  afterwards  extend  to 
events  and  persons  not  immediately  connected  with  his 
mission,  the  correspondence  which  you  held  with  him  re- 
specting the  express  was  a  politeness  on  your  part,  which 
ought  not  to  have  led  to  the  irritation  manifested  on  his. 
Whatever  in  the  view  you  took  of  your  duty  in  relation 
to  the  essential  features  of  the  transaction  may  not  have 
corresponded  with  the  opinion  of  the  President  w^ill 
doubtless  have  been  corrected  as  far  as  possible  on  the 
receipt  of  my  last. 

The  adjournment  of  Congress  took  place  on  the  27th. 
In  addition  to  other  provisions  for  the  accomodation  of 
the  people  of  Louisiana,  one  hundred  copies  of  the  Laws 
of  the  United  States  are  to  be  purchased  and  distributed 

'  The  act  of  March  26,  1804,  was  not  popular  with  the  French  on  ac- 
count of  the  division  of  Louisiana  and  restrictions  on  the  slave  trade. 


124  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

therein,  and  in  future  it  is  to  have  a  proportion  of  the 
10,000  copies  printed  at  the  Seat  of  Government  for  dis- 
tribution. In  consequence  of  the  same  Law  I  shall  next 
week  enclose  copies  of  the  Laws  of  the  last  Session,  re- 
questing you  to  engage  a  proper  person  to  print  them  in 
his  Gazette. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  Sir  with  great  Respect  your 
most  obd.  St. 

(Signed)  James  Madison 
Governor  Claiborne 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  3  May  1804 
Sir, 

On  last  evening  I  had  the  Honour  to  receive  your  Let- 
ters of  the  6th  of  February  and  2nd  of  April.  The  de- 
lay of  the  first  I  cannot  account  for,  nor  do  I  know  what 
has  become  of  the  communication  to  General  Wilkinson 
and  myself,  which  was  said  to  be  enclosed  therein.  On 
opening  the  Packet  the  Letter  referred  to  was  missing. 
This  induced  me  to  examine  the  Wafers,  there  were  no 
apparent  marks  of  violence,  and  if  the  Seal  had  been 
broken  it  was  managed  with  much  address. 

That  some  of  your  Letters  to  me  have  designedly  been 
delayed  on  the  passage  and  their  contents  examined  is  a 
fact  I  am  well  assured  of,  but  where  the  abuse  is  com- 
mitted I  know  not. 

The  Law  for  the  Government  of  Louisiana  will  not  be 
Satisfactory  to  all  the  Citizens.  Many  of  the  old  inhabi- 
tants had  expected  immediate  admission  into  the  Union, 
and  the  Law  does  not  hold  out  the  means  of  gratifying 
the  Ambition  of  Some  of  the  late  adventurers  from  the 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  125 

United  States.  Complaints  therefore  upon  this  Subject 
will  be  made.  For  myself  however  I  do  firmly  believe 
that  the  constitution  temporarily  prescribed  is  well 
adapted  to  the  present  Situation  of  Louisiana,  and  if  pre- 
vious to  the  expiration  of  the  Law  it  should  be  discov- 
ered, that  a  Government  managed  more  immediately  by 
the  people  would  better  conduce  to  their  happiness  and 
prosperity,  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  Congress  will  with 
promptitude  and  pleasure  make  the  necessary  provisions. 
I  am  fearful  that  the  ten  thousand  Dollars  fund  will 
Scarcely  meet  my  necessary  expenditures  until  the  1st  of 
October. 

The  Business  of  my  office  is  so  considerable  that  I 
have  been  necessitated  to  engage  two  Clerks  at  fifty  dol- 
lars each  Per  Month,  and  it  is  probable  I  shall  soon  be 
compeled  to  employ  a  third.  The  services  of  an  inter- 
preter I  have  also  found  indispensible.  His  compensa- 
tion is  sixty  dollars  Per  Month.  The  Expense  of  print- 
ing is  becoming  considerable,  for,  to  give  satisfaction, 
and  to  do  justice  to  the  Citizens  I  have  found  it  necessary 
to  publish  my  ordinances  in  the  French  as  well  as  the 
English  language.  There  are  many  other  incidental 
charges  that  I  am  Subjected  to  and  which  will  in  time 
amount  to  Something  considerable.  I  however  shall  in- 
cur no  unnecessary  expense  and  I  flatter  myself  that  my 
disbursements  will  be  found  to  be  within  the  bounds  of  a 
prudent  economy. 

Letters  from  the  first  Civil  Commandant  of  upper 
Louisiana  Captain  Stoddart  announce  to  me,  that  certain 
expences  have  necessarily  been  incurred  by  him  and  of 
which  he  had  advised  the  Secretary  of  War.  I  therefore 
hope  the  Secretary  has  taken  the  Subject  into  considera- 
tion, and  given  such  directions  as  may  relieve  me  from 
any  responsibility.  Late  communications  from  the  dif- 
ferent Commandants  in  lower  Louisianp,  represent  that 


126  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

everj^tliing  is  quiet,  and  I  can  assure  you  the  utmost  Har- 
mony prevails  in  this  City. 

I  am,  Sir  very  Respectfully 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  ^Yln.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P  S  Your  Letter  to  me,  dated  October  31st  contains 
the  following  Paragraph.  "Xo  particular  provision  is 
yet  made  as  compensation  for  the  new  Service  in  Avhich 
you  are  to  be  employed.  The  President  authorizes  you 
for  the  present  to  draw  on  the  Department  of  War,  at  a 
rate  not  exceeding  four  Hundred  dollars  Per  Month  to 
be  computed  from  the  commencement  of  your  journey  to 
New^  Orleans."  I  was  of  opinion,  that,  the  ten  thousand 
dollars  (during  the  temporary  Goverimient)  would  have 
been  sufficient  to  meet  all  the  contingent  expences,  and  my 
extra  Compensation  beside.  I  have  therefore  (hereto- 
fore) drawn  from  that  fund  my  four  hundred  dollars  Per 
Month,  thinking  that  it  would  not  be  disagreeable  to  the 
Executive :  But  if  I  find  that  the  ten  thousand  dollars, 
will  not  bear  me  out,  I  shall  draw  up  on  the  Secretary  of 
AYar  for  the  amount  of  my  extra  compensation,  and  carry 
the  same  to  the  contingent  Fund,  which  will  then  I  think 
answer  all  my  demands. 

I  have  extended  my  extra  compensation  to  the  sum 
limited  by  the  President,  because  without  extravagance 
I  have  expended  the  whole  of  it,  and  my  Salary  as  gov- 
ernor of  the  Mississippi  Territory  besides.  My  expences 
have  been  greater  than  they  otherwise  would  have  been 
from  the  necessity  there  was  in  providing  furniture  for 
the  Governor  House,  which  in  this  City  I  have  found  very 
dear. 

(Signed)   AYm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty  of  State 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        127 

To  Antoine  St.  Aniand. 

New  Orleans  3  May  1804 
Sir, 

Mr.  Frs.  St.  Martin  one  of  the  Syndics  of  your  Dis- 
trict having  presented  himself  before  me  with  a  com- 
plaint of  having  been  insulted  a  few  days  past  in  the 
House  of  Jean  Louis  Betsom  by  Jean  Louis  Malliar  at  a 
time  when  he  was  using  his  Authority  to  make  some  tur- 
bulent persons  keep  the  peace,  I  have  to  request  you  to 
cause  the  said  Malliar  to  appear  before  you,  and  if  upon 
examination  you  find  that  Mr.  St.  Martin  was  improp- 
erly treated  you  are  hereby  required  to  inflict  such  pun- 
ishment upon  the  said  Malliar  as  in  your  judgment  (and 
agreeably  to  the  usages  of  the  Country)  he  may  have 
merited. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  Respect 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  St.  Amand 
Commandant  of  the  1st  German  Coast 


To  Miguel  Cantrell 

New  Orleans  3rd  May  1804 
Sir, 

A  Complaint  having  been  made  to  me  by  Bonaventure 
Babin  in  which  he  alleges  that,  his  neighbours  Pierre 
Michel  and  Alexr.  Pico  are  in  the  habit  of  injuring  his 
property  by  cutting  doAvn  and  destroying  his  Cypruss 
Swamp  without  his  permission,  you  are  requested  to  call 
the  parties  interested  before  you,  and  to  use  your  exer- 
tions to  bring  about  a  reconciliation  between  them  and  to 


128  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

render  that  justice  which  the  nature  of  the  case  requires. 
I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  due  Respect  your 
obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Cantrell 
Commt.  1st  Acadian  Coast 


To  Francis  Connell 

New  Orleans  3rd  May  1804 
Sir, 

Enclosed  you  will  receive  all  the  Papers  relative  to  a 
dispute  between  Nicholas  Orion  and  Louis  Camoro  con- 
cerning the  exchange  of  their  horses,  and  you  are  re- 
quired to  examine  into  that  affair  with  attention,  and  to 
decide  between  the  parties  \^ith  justice.  You  are  further 
required  to  call  before  you  Michael  Brun  and  Donato 
Ever  securities  for  a  Debt  due  to  John  Arman  by  James 
McAlpine  and  endeavour  to  settle  their  dispute  in  an 
amicable  manner,  so  as  to  avoid  the  delays  and  expences 
of  going  to  law. 

I  am  Sir  with  Sentiments  of  Respect 

your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Francis  Connell 
Commandant  of  Iberville 


To  Major  Ed.  King 

New  Orleans  3  May  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  26th  April  was  duly  received  and 
enclosed  in  a  License  for  you  to  trade  with  Such  Indians 
as  may  visit  the  Post  of  Ouachitas. 

I  wish  the  Ouachitas  Springs  may  serve  to  restore 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       129 

your  Health,  and  if  during  your  journey  in  Louisiana 
you  should  acquire  any  interesting  information  as  to  the 
Geography  natural  productions   &c   of   the   Country,   I 
would  thank  you  to  communicate  the  same  to  me. 
I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Major  Rd.  King 
Near  Natchez 


To  Henry  Dearborn. 

New  Orleans  5th  May  1804 
Sir, 

The  Marine  Corps  under  the  Command  of  Captain 
Carmick  arrived  here,  last  evening  apparently  in  good 
Health,  and  were  this  morning  Marched  to  the  Barracks. 
I  have  had  no  late  intelligence  of  Colonel  Freeman,  the 
Army  here  is  at  present  in  a  good  State  of  Discipline,  and 
I  hear  of  no  complaints  from  the  Citizens.  The  Battal- 
ion of  Orleans  Volunteers  is  a  respectable  Corps,  and  I 
hope  soon  to  have  a  good  Militia.  Every  thing  is  tran- 
quil here. 

With  Respect  and  Esteem  I  am  Sir 
you  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P  S  I  drew  a  Bill  upon  you  some  time  ago,  in  favour 
of  Louis  Kerr,  for  one  Hundred  dollars,  and  I  now  en- 
close you  his  receipt  for  that  amount. 

Wm.  C.  C.  C. 
The  Honble. 

Henry  Dearborn  ' 

Sectyof  War  _'■"'■':'        ;     '    ' 

II— 9  ,  ■■..■■-•■ 


130  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Albert  Gallatin 

New  Orleans  5th  May  1804 
Sir, 

On  the  25th  March  I  forwarded  to  you  an  account  of 
my  expenditures.  A  Statement  of  the  expences  I  have 
incurred  since  that  period,  and  the  vouchers  to  support 
the  same,  I  now  have  the  Honour  to  transmit.  You  will 
fmd  that  the  charge  for  printing  is  considerable  and  it 
is  not  in  my  power  to  render  it  less.  The  expense  of  liv- 
ing is  heavy  House  Rent  exorbitant,  and  the  price  of  la- 
bour high.  To  these  causes  may  be  attributed  the  ap- 
parent extravagance  of  the  Printers  Bill. 

You  will  find  a  large  balance  against  me,  but  I  have 
only  to  repeat  that  this  sum  I  have  used  on  account  of 
my  extra-  Compensation  which  at  four  hundred  dollars 
Per  Month  from  the  1st  December  1803  the  day  I  left 
Natchez  till  the  last  of  April  will  be  two  thousand  Dol- 
lars. I  have  not  drawn  upon  the  Secretary  of  War  for 
my  extra  allowance  thinking  that  the  ten  thousand  dol- 
lars fund  would  meet  my  compensation  and  the  contin- 
gent expences  also.  But  I  fear  it  will  not  bear  me  out 
untill  the  first  of  October,  and  in  this  event,  I  shall  draw 
upon  the  Secretary  of  War  for  my  compensation.  There 
is  at  present  the  most  perfect  good  order  in  this  City. 
But  I  fear  the  prohibition  as  to  the  importation  of  Ne- 
groes will  excite  a  great  ferment.  On  this  Subject,  the 
Louisianians  feel  a  lively  interest,  and  very  much  to  my 
mortification,  I  find  the  general  Sentiment  is  greatly  in 
favour  of  the  African  Trade. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
you  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
Albert  Gaalatin    Secty.  Treasy. 

P  S  Vouchers  are  forwarded  for  seventeen  hundred 
and  nine  dollars,  eighty  two  Cents,  leaving  a  Balance  to 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  131 

ha  accounted  for  (together  with  the  balance  on  the  25th 
March  for  which  see  journal)  of  two  thousand  one  Hun- 
dred and  twenty  two  dollars,  Sixty  nine  Cents:  of  this 
Sum  one  Hundred  dollars  in  cash  was  on  hand  and  my 
extra  compensation  from  the  1st  December  to  the  last  of 
April  at  400$  Per  Month,  amounts  to  two  thousand  dol- 
lars which  will  leave  me  indebted  to  the  United  States 
twenty  two  dollars  Sixty  nine  Cents. 

Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Edward  D.  Turner 

New  Orleans  6th  May  1804 
Sir, 

A  Mr.  Matthias  Barker,  a  Trader  at  Natchitoches  who 
was  introduced  to  me  by  Doctor  Sibly  as  an  honest  man 
was  arrested  in  this  City  a  few  days  ago  for  a  Debt  of 
eight  hundred  dollars,  and  put  into  jail,  in  consequence 
of  the  character  of  the  Man  given  me  by  Doctor  Silby, 
and  his  assurances  that  as  soon  as  he  had  made  Sale  of 
the  Cargo  which  he  had  brought  to  Market  the  debt 
should  be  honestly  discharged,  I  solicited  Mr.  Thomas 
Randall  Merchant  of  this  City,  to  become  Bail  for  Bark- 
er and  he  Avas  consequently  released  from  confinement, 
upon  which  he  placed  into  Mr.  Randalls  hands  three  hun- 
dred Dollars  and  promised  the  Balance  in  a  few  days. 

Regardless  however  of  his  Honour  and  acting  a  part 
directly  opposite  to  that  of  an  honest  man  he  has  Since 
Sold  his  cargo,  and  left  the  City  without  a  settlement 
with  his  creditors  or  Securing  his  Bail.  If  this  Man 
should  have  returned  at  Natchitoches  I  request  you  w^ould 
immediately  demand  of  him  five  Hundred  dollars  or 
property  Sufficient  to  sell  for  that  sum.  If  he  shall  re- 
fuse I  request  you  to  sieze  upon  propert}^  to  that  amount. 
My  respect  and  friendship  for  Doctor  Silby  led  me  to  no- 


132  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

tice  this  Man  Barker,  and  was  the  means  of  Subjecting 
Randall  to  the  payment  of  five  hundred  dollars. 

A  Soldier  of  the  name  of  Daniel  Hay  enlisted  by  you 
in  New  Orleans,  is  the  son  of  a  respectable  widow  in 
Nashville,  and  a  request  has  been  m^ade  to  me  by  a  num- 
ber of  Citizens  of  Tennessee,  to  endeavour  to  obtain  his 
discharge  upon  which  Subjects  I  have  addressed  a  Let- 
ter to  the  Secretary  at  War.  In  the  mean  time  I  pray 
you  to  extend  some  indulgence  to  David  Hay.     (sic.)    . 

One  hundred  Marines  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Carmick,  arrived  here  on  last  evening.  I  have  had  no 
late  intelligence  of  Colonel  Freeman  -  General  Wilkin- 
son left  this  City  about  ten  days  ago.  My  respects  to 
Mrs.  Turner  -  I  am  Sir 

with  great  Respect  and  esteem  your  obdt  Sevt. 
Signed       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Edward  D.  Turner 
Commandant  of  Natchitoches 


To  Thomas  Villaneuva 

New  Orleans  7th  May  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
favours  of  the  28th  and  30th  of  last  month. 

In  reply  to  the  first,  I  Shall  observe  that  you  conduct 
in  the  affair  of  Placencia  and  Acosta  meets  my  Entire 
approbation,-  Mrs.  Acosta  has  since  presented  herself  to 
me  and  denies  most  positively  ever  having  scandalized 
in  any  manner  whatever  the  family  of  Placencia.  If  she 
will  make  the  same  declaration  before  you  and  to  the 
satisfaction  of  Placentia's  family,  you  are  at  Liberty  to 
remit  the  fine  of  forty  Dollars  if  however  she  will  not 
make  those  concessions  you  are  authorized  to  act  as  you 
may  think  proper  and  as  justice  to  the  innocent  requires. 
With  Respect  to  the  affairs  of  Mrs.  Timenes  which  you 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       133 

consider  to  be  in  a  deranged  unfortunate  situation  ow- 
ing to  her  improper  conduct,  and  her  incapacity  to  take 
care  of  the  property  of  her  Children,  I  leave  you  to  act 
as  you  may  think  proper,  and  authorize  you  to  do  every 
thing  relative  thereto,  which  may  be  necessary  to  secure 
the  estate  of  her  Children  consistent  with  justice  and  the 
usages  of  the  Country,  fully  persuaded  that  the  confi- 
dence reposed  in  you  on  this  occasion  as  well  as  in  all 
others  will  operate  to  your  own  Honour  and  the  interest 
of  the  parties  concerned, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  due  respect  and  consid- 
eration, n    -J,     c?      4- 

you  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Thos.  Villaneuva 
Commandant  Dans  la  fourche 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 

New  Orleans  7th  May  1804 
Governor  Claiborne  has  perused  with  great  pleasure 
the  Proclamation  of  the  Captain  General  of  the  Island 
of  Cuba,  which  the  Marquis  De  Casa  Calvo,  was  good 
enough  to  enclose  him. 

The  proclamation  of  the  Captain  General  is  an  ad- 
ditional proof  of  his  vigilance  and  zeal  in  preserving  the 
neutrality,  which  his  Catholic  Majesty  has  determined  to 
observe  during  the  present  War. 

Governor  Claiborne  requests  the  Marquis  of  Casa 
Calvo  to  accept  assurances  of  his  respectful  attachment 

(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Governor  Claiborne  has  received  from  the  Marquis  of 
Casa  Calvo  the  Letters  addressed  to  the  Marquis  De 
Casa  Yrujo  and  will  with  great  Pleasure  forward  them 
by  the  first  Safe  opportunity. 

(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Marquis  De  Casa  Calvo 


134  Mississippi  territorial  archives. 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  8th  May  1804 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  proclamation  of  the  Captain  General  of 
Cuba,  was  transmitted  to  me  on  yesterday  by  the  Mar- 
quis of  Casa  Calvo  who  has  often  expressed  to  me,  the 
desire  of  his  Catholic  Majesty  to  observe  the  strictest 
neutrality  during  the  present  AVar. 

The  emigration  from  the  West  Indies  to  Louisiana 
continues  great;  few^  Vessels  arrive  from  that  quarter 
but  are  crowded  with  passengers,  and  among  them  many 
Slaves.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  previous  to  the  1st 
of  October  thousands  of  African  Negroes  will  be  im- 
ported into  this  Province ;  for  the  Citizens  seem  impress- 
ed with  an  opinion,  that  a  great,  very  great  supply  of 
Slaves  is  essential  to  the  prosperity  of  Louisiana :  Hence 
Sir  you  may  conclude  that  the  prohibition  as  to  the  im- 
portation Subsequent  to  the  1st  of  October,  is  a  source  of 
some  discontent ;  Na}"  Sir,  it  is  at  present  a  cause  of  much 
clamour,  but  I  indulge  a  hope  that  the  Louisianians  will 
very  soon  see  the  justice  and  policy  of  the  Measure. 

In  a  former  Letter  I  stated  that  some  repairs  to  the 
"Governors  House"  were  much  wanting.  Perhaps 
twelve  or  fifteen  Hundred  dollars  would  effect  all  the 
repairs  necessary  to  preserve  it  from  decay,  but  the  ex- 
penditure of  about  Six  hundred  dollars  would  make  the 
House  comfortable. 

Accept  Sir  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  Esteem 
(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty,  of  State 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  135 

Decree 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory  exercising  the  Powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

After  hearing  the  Statement  (on  oath)  of  Captain 
Arthur  Stotesberry  Master  of  the  Ship  active  of  Phila- 
delphia relative  to  five  Negroe  Men,  Named  Billy,  Nan- 
cin,  Jesse,  Alexander  and  Jerico  whom  he  took  out  of  an 
open  Boat  in  Distress  at  Sea,  in  Lat  14°. 46"  North  and 
Long.  63°:00"  West  from  London,  on  his  passage  from 
Barbadoes  to  New  Orleans  and  which  Negroes  as  they 
said  had  been  blown  by  Strong  AVinds  from  the  Island  of 
St.  Vincent,  where  they  were  Slaves  to  Doctor  Barbary 
and  had  been  13  daj^s  at  Sea  without  provisions. 

And  Whereas,  it  appears  to  the  undersigned  that  the 
above  named  Arthur  Stotesbury  was  at  great  trouble  in 
restoring  the  Health  of  the  aforesaid  Negroes,  and  that 
Since  their  arrival  at  this  Port,  they  had  Subjected  him 
to  considerable  expense-  I  do  therefore  Decree.- 
Ist.    That  the  Negroes  Billy,  Nancien,  Jesse,  Alexander 
and  Jerico  be  sold  at  public  Auction  for  cash  by  Pat- 
ton  and  Evans  Auctioneers  for  this  City. 
2ndly.     That  the  said  Arthur  Stotesbury  be  entitled  to  a 
Salvage  of  one  Half  of  the  Nett  proceeds  of  the  Sales 
after  deducting  therefrom  the  usual  and  legal  Com- 
missions of  the  Auctioneers,  and  that  the  residue  of 
monies  arising  from  Such  Sales  be  deposited  with 
Patton  &  Evans  Auctioneers  as  aforesaid  who  shall 
pay  the  same  to  Doctor  Barbary  of  St.  Vincents  or  to 
his  order,  should  be  prove  to  be  the  o^^^ler,  to  whom 
the  Auctioneers  Patton  &  Evans  will  address  a  Let- 
ter and  enclose  a  Copy  of  this  Decree. 
Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  Adminis- 


136  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    AJRCHIVES. 

tration  at  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  the  7th  day  of  May 
1804  &  in  the  28th  year  of  American  Independence. 
[S.  L.]  (Signed)         Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  William  Cooper 

New  Orleans  9th  May  1804 
Sir, 

I  received  your  Letter  of  the  6th  instant  and  highly 
approve  yonr  conduct  relative  to  the  detention  of  the  Ne- 
groes ill  of  the  Small  Pox.  You  are  required  to  detain 
them  either  at  the  Fort  or  at  some  convenient  place  in  the 
Neighbourhood  thereof  until  they  may  be  declared  free 
from  infection  by  the  Surgeons  Mate  Mr.  Williamson  at 
which  time  they  may  be  allowed  to  ascend  the  River,  and 
you  are  further  required  to  do  the  same  thing  with  every 
person  of  what  ever  description  they  may  be  who  shall 
arrive  at  Plaquemines  labouring  under  that  disease. 

The  Captain  of  the  Sloop  must  be  ordered  not  to  Sail 
from  Plaquemines  until  he  has  by  washing  Fumigation 
&c  completely  cleansed  his  Vessel,  and  on  his  arrival 
within  one  League  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  he  must 
there  stop  and  report  himself  to  me  and  be  Visited  by 
the  Physician  of  the  Port,  before  he  can  be  allowed  to 
unload  or  suffer  a  Single  Man  of  his  crew  to  come  on 
Shore,  and  the  same  rule  must  be  observed  by  all  Vessels 
arriving,  with  the  Small  Pox  on  Board.  You  are  to  com- 
municate these  instructions  to  all  Captains  of  Vessels 
observing  at  the  same  time  that  a  negligence  of  these  or- 
ders shall  be  severely  punished. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  Respect  and  Esteem  your  obdt. 
Sevt. 

(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Cooper 
Commanding  at  Plaquemines 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       137 

To  Henry  Hopkins 

New  Orleans  9th  May  1804 
Sir, 

Enclosed  you  will  find  an  obligation  of  Mr.  Michael 
Broussard  for  the  sum  of  four  hundred  dollars  endorsed 
to  Mr.  Peytevan  whereby  it  appears  from  the  Testimony 
of  two  Witnesses  the  one  residing  in  the  District  of  Mr. 
Cantrell  and  the  other  in  that  of  Mr.  LAndry,  that  the 
Debt  is  justly  due.  You  are  therefore  required  to  cause 
the  said  obligation  to  be  discharged  and  to  render  justice 
to  all  the  parties  concerned. 

I  am  with  due  Kespect 
you  obdt.  Sevt. 

(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Henry  Hopkins 
Commandant  of  Atakapas  &c 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  10th  May  1804 
Sir, 

Mr.  Lyon  has  agreed  to  reprint  (in  his  paper)  the 
Laws  of  the  United  States  upon  the  Terms  you  proposed, 
but  in  full  expectation  that  when  you  are  acquainted  with 
the  high  expences  attending  his  establishment  you  will 
augment  his  compensation. — Of  these  expences  Mr.  Lyon 
can  inform  you  in  person,  and  I  believe  they  are  infi- 
nitely greater  than  the  Printers  in  any  other  City  in  the 
United  States  are  subjected  to. 

The  Paper  Edited  by  Mr.  Lyon  has  thus  far  main- 
tained an  Honorable  reputation,  and  I  believe  has  been  of 
great  public  Utility. 

The  Conduct  of  Mr.  Lyon  during  his  residence  here 


138  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

has  been  marked  with  great  prudence,  and  he  has  merited 
and  received  my  confidence  and  Support. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  Esteem  and  high  con- 
sideration. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  Joseph  L  Andry. 

New  Orleans  10th  May  1804 
Sir, 

You  will  receive  herewith  enclosed,  an  obligation  of 
Pierre  Duplisses  Deceased  for  378  dollars  due  to  Messrs. 
Reynaud  and  Pej^tevan  and  you  are  required  to  examine 
into  the  merits  of  the  case  and  cause  the  said  Debt  to  be 
discharged  as  soon  as  the  Monies  of  the  said  Deceased 
Pierre  Duplisses  can  be  collected. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  due  Respect 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  ^Ym.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Joseph  L  Andry 
Commandant  2nd  Acadian  Coast 


To  Mayor  Bore. 

New  Orleans  10th  May  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans — 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
Letter  of  the  9th  Instant  relative  to  the  different  sums 
of  money  which  it  appears  still  remain  in  the  possession 
of  certain  Officers  of  his  Catholic  Majesty  and  which 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       139 

properly  belong  to  the  City  of  New  Orleans.  I  have 
taken  the  earliest  opportunity  to  address  a  Letter  upon 
this  Subject  to  the  Marquis  De  Casa  Calvo,  and  I  beg  you 
to  be  assured  that  nothing  shall  be  wanting  on  my  part 
to  maintain  the  Lawful  rights  of  the  City,  and  that  I  will 
cheerfully  Co-operate  with  you  in  every  measure  tending 
to  its  prosperity. 

I  am  with  great  Esteem  and  high  consideration 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Bore    Mayor 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  10th  May  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  enclose  your  Excellency  a  Letter 
addressed  to  me  by  the  Municipality,  representing  that 
certain  monies  belonging  to  the  City  of  New  Orleans  re- 
main in  the  Treasury  of  his  Catholic  Majesty  or  in  the 
possession  of  some  of  his  officers. 

After  perusing  the  communication  from  the  Munici- 
pality, I  am  fully  persuaded  that  your  Excellency  will 
direct  such  measures  as  the  nature  of  the  case  may  re- 
quire. 

I  pray  you  Sir  To  Accept  assurances  of  my  high  con- 
sideration and  respectful  attachment. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Marquis  De  Casa  Calvo 


140  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

From  James  Madison  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  9th  April  1804 
Department  of  State 
Sir, 

Since  my  Letter  of  the  2nd  Instant  the  last  Mail  has 
brought  several  from  you  and  General  Wilkinson,  which 
having  been  forwarded  to  the  President  I  cannot  refer 
to  them  by  dates.  Instead  of  the  Passports  for  the  In- 
habitants of  Louisiana  the  form  of  which,  you  have  en- 
closed, I  request  you  to  issue  those  which  I  now  transmit. 
By  the  next  Mail  I  shall  forward  an  additional  number. 
You  will  be  pleased  to  keep  a  register  of  the  names  of  the 
persons  to  whom  they  are  issued  the  dates  and  the  evi- 
dence on  which  they  issue;  of  which  register  certified 
transcripts  shall  from  time  to  time  be  forwarded  to  this 
department.  The  Manner  of  filling  the  Blanks  is  pointed 
out  in  one  of  them.  The  question  Avhich  you  Suggest  as 
likely  to  arise  after  the  termination  of  the  functions  of 
the  French  and  Spanish  Conmiissioners,  concerning  their 
inviolability  under  the  Law  of  Nations  and  in  particular 
whether  they  will  be  privileged  against  suits  is  so  Novel 
and  delicate  that  I  should  not  willingly  express  my  opin- 
ion concerning  it  until  I  have  consulted  the  President 
who  is  absent  at  Monticello.  But  it  is  to  be  expected  that 
no  delay  will  have  been  made  by  them  in  returning  after 
the  execution  of  their  trusts,  and  thereby  a  decision  upon 
a  doubtful  question  of  importance  will  be  precluded. 

The  remarks  of  Doctor  Watkins  in  the  report  of  his 
Tour  among  the  Commandancies  along  the  River  will  be 
duly  considered,  but  so  far  as  they  invite  to  measures 
within  the  Sphere  of  the  Legislature,  it  was  unfortunate 
that  it  did  not  come  to  hand  before  the  rising  of  Congress. 

Enclosed  is  part  of  the  Laws  of  the  last  Session  which 
you  will  be  pleased  to  put  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Lyon  or 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.   C.  CLAIBORNE.       141 

some  other  printer  of  a  Gazette.  They  will  be  followed 
by  a  further  quantity  next  AVeek.  The  compensation  will 
bo  at  the  rate  of  fifty  Cents  Per  page  of  the  Copy. 

The  Treaty  of  Cession  of  Louisiana  to  Spain  in  1762 
and  her  act  of  Acceptance  have  never  been  made  public. 
The  Letter  of  the  King  of  France  to  his  Governor  to  make 
the  delivery  to  the  Spanish  Authorities  of  which  a  copy 
is  enclosed  refers  to  them  as  to  be  recorded  at  New  Or- 
leans; and  as  they  may  have  an  interesting  application 
to  the  question,  Whether  the  Cession  to  the  United  States 
includes  West  Florida,  I  request  you  to  have  a  Search 
made  for  them,  and  transmit  copies  of  them  both  by  Mail, 
and  by  Sea  if  opportunity  should  serve,  to  promote  their 
early  receipt.  Any  other  Documents  tending  to  the  same 
purpose  which  the  registers  of  the  Province  may  afford 
mil  be  acceptable  to  us. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  Sir  with  great  respect 
your  obdt.  Sevt. 

(Signed)  James  Madison 
Gov.  Claiborne 


Annual  Register  for  1765,  Page  271, 
Extract  from  his  most  Christian  Majesty's  Letter  to  Mr. 
D'Abbadie,  Director  General  and  Commandant  for  his 
Majesty  in  Louisiana,  ordering  him  to  deliver  up  to  his 
Catholic  Majesty  all  the  French  possessions  in  North 
American  not  already  ceded  to  Great  Britain  from  the 
original  printed  by  Dennis  Brand,  printer  to  the  King  at 
New  Orleans  in  October  1764  and  circulated  amongst  the 
French  Inhabitants  there. 
Monsieur  D'Abbadie 

By  a  Special  act,  done  at  Fontainbleau,  November  3rd 
1762,  of  my  own  will  and  mere  motion,  having  Ceded  to 
my  very  dear  and  best  beloved  Cousin  the  King  of  Spain, 
and  to  his  Successors,  in  full  property,  purely  and  Sim- 


142  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

ply,  and  without  any  exceptions,  the  whole  Country 
known  by  the  name  of  Louisiana,  together  with  New  Or- 
leans, and  the  Island  in  which  the  said  City  is  Situated, 
and  by  another  act  done  at  the  Escurial  November  13th 
in  the  same  year.  His  Catholic  Majesty  having  accepted 
the  Cession  of  the  said  Country  of  Louisiana  and  the 
City  and  Island  of  New  Orleans,  agreeable  to  the  Copies 
of  the  Said  Acts,  which  you  will  find  hereunto  annexed. 
I  write  you  this  Letter  to  inform  you  that  my  intention 
is  that,  on  the  receipt  of  these  presents  whether  they 
come  to  your  hands  by  the  officers  of  his  Catholic  Ma- 
jest}^,  or  directly  by  such  French  Vessels  as  may  be 
charged  Avith  the  same,  you  are  to  deliver  up  to  the  Gov- 
ernor, or  Officer  appointed  for  the  purpose  by  the  King 
of  Spain,  the  Said  Country  and  Colony  of  Louisiana,  and 
the  posts  thereon  depending,  likewise  the  City  and  Island 
of  New  Orleans,  in  such  State  and  condition  as  they  shall 
be  found  to  be  in  on  the  day  of  the  said  Cession,  willing 
that  in  all  time  to  come,  they  shall  belong  to  his  Catholic 
Majesty,  to  be  governed  and  administered  by  his  Gov- 
ernor and  officers,  and  as  possessed  by  him  in  full  prop- 
erty without  any  exceptions. 

At  the  same  time,  I  hope  for  the  prosperity  and  peace 
of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Colony  of  Louisiana  and  promise 
Myself  from  the  Friendship  and  affection  of  his  Catholic 
Majesty  that  he  will  be  pleased  to  give  orders  to  his  Gov- 
ernor, and  all  other  officers  employed  in  his  Service  in 
the  said  Colony  and  in  the  Said  City  of  New  Orleans,  that 
the  Ecclesiastics,  and  religious  Houses  which  have  the 
care  of  the  parishes  and  of  the  Missions,  may  continue  to 
exercise  their  functions,  and  enjoy  the  rights  privileges 
and  immunities,  granted  by  their  Several  Charters  of 
establishment,  that  the  ordinary  Judges  do  continue,  to- 
gether with  the  Superior  Council  to  administer  Justice 
according  to  the  Laws,  forms,  and  usages  of  the  Colonies ; 
that  the  Inhabitants  be  preserved  and  maitained  in  their 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  143 

possessions ;  that  they  be  confirmed  in  the  possession  of 
their  estates,  according  to  the  grants  which  have  been 
made  by  the  Governors  and  Directors  of  the  Colony,  and 
that  all  the  grants  be  holden  and  taken  as  confirmed  b}^ 
his  Catholic  Majesty,  even  though  not  as  yet  confirmed 
by  me. 

Hoping  above  all,  that  his  Catholic  Majesty  will  be 
pleased  to  bestow  on  his  new  Colony  of  Louisiana  the 
Same  Marks  of  protection  and  good  will  which  they  en- 
joyed while  under  my  dominion,  and  of  which  the  mis- 
fortunes of  War  alone  have  prevented  their  experiencing 
greater  effects.  I  command  you  to  cause  my  present 
Letter  to  be  recorded  in  the  Superior  Council  of  New 
Orleans  to  the  end  that  the  several  estates  of  the  Colony 
may  be  informed  of  its  contents,  and  may  have  recourse 
thereto  when  necessary.  And  the  present  being  for  no 
other  purpose — 

I  pray  God,  Monsieur  D'Abbadie  to  have  you  in  his 
Holy  keeping 

Given  at  Versailles,  April  21st  1764 
(Signed)     '^  Louis" 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  10th  May  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  9th  Ultimo  together  A\ath  its  en- 
closures, I  have  this  moment  received  and  beg  you  to  be 
assured  of  my  faithful  attention  thereto. 

The  Spanish  Commissioner  the  Marquis  of  Casa 
Calvo,  the  late  Governor  Salcedo,  and  the  Intendant 
Morales  are  yet  here  the  Marquis  contemplates  a  long 
residence;  Salcedo  is  making  preparations  to  retire  to 
the  Canaries  and  Morales  says,  he  will  leave  the  Province, 


144  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

as  soon  as  the  State  of  the  Business  in  his  department 
will  permit. 

I  will  endeavour  to  obtain  Copies  of  the  Records  you 
Solicit,  they  are  not  among  the  papers  &c  surrendered  to 
the  Conunissioners,  but  may  probably  be  found  among 
the  Archives  of  the  Municipality  and  if  So  shall  be  im- 
mediately transmitted  to  you. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
Your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  AVm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P  S    I  have  taken  the  liberty  to  enclose  under  cover  to 
you  two  letters  to  the  Spanish  Ministers,  which  I  am 
solicited  to  forward  by  theMarquis  De  Casa  Calvo. 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison  Secty.  of  State 


To  Baiidin. 

New  Orleans  12th  May  1804 
Sir,       ' 

The  President  of  the  United  States  did  receive  your 
Petition  of  the  1st  of  February  last  together  with  the 
papers  accompanying  it  and  has  tranmitted  the  Same  to 
me. 

Permit  me  to  inform  you  that  the  application  to  the 
President  in  the  suit  between  you  and  Mr.  Labie  was 
irregular.  Under  the  former  Government  of  Louisiana, 
there  was  an  appeal  in  Judiciary  matters  from  the  Gov- 
ernor to  the  Captain  General  of  Cuba.  You  probably 
supposed,  that  the  appeal  was  now  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  but  this  is  an  error  for  no  authority 
has  as  yet  been  established  paramount  to  that  of  the  Gov- 
ernor.    I  mean  as  to  Judicial  decisions. 

In  virtue  of  the  appellate  jurisdiction  which  has  been 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        145 

reserved  to  the  Governor  by  my  ordinance,  I  shall  never 
hesitate  to  exercise  a  controul  over  the  decisions  of  in- 
ferior Courts,  when  justice  requires  it.  But  your  case 
as  it  was  represented  to  me,  did  not  seem  to  justify  my 
interference. 

The  Claims  of  Mr.  Labie  against  you  were  not  dis- 
puted, and  your  objections  went  not  to  the  justice  but  the 
forms  of  the  proceeding  against  you.  Every  Court  has 
an  inherent  right  to  regulate  their  o^\ti  forms  of  proceed- 
ings, provided  they  be  not  at  variance  with  the  substance 
and  general  principles  of  the  Law  of  the  Land. 

That  species  of  your  property  (Sugar)  which  was 
levied  on,  I  do  not  understand  to  be  exempted  from  exe- 
cution under  the  Laws ;  and  the  proceedings  of  the  Sheriff 
appeared  to  be  correct.  Upon  a  review  therefore  of  the 
whole  Subject  I  see  no  cause  for  my  interference,  or  any 
just  reason  you  have  to  complain. 

I  am  Sir  very  respectfully 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Baudin 


To  Edivard  D.  Turner. 

New  Orleans  13th  May  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  1st  instant  has  been  duly  received. 
The  pleasure  evinced  by  the  Citizens  of  Natchitoches  on 
the  raising  of  the  American  Flag  is  an  agreeable  circum- 
stance, and  I  trust  it  will  be  in  your  power  to  confirm  the 
attachment  of  those  who  are  at  present  well  disposed  to 
the  American  Government,  and  to  conciliate  the  affec- 
tions of  Such  Citizens  who  from  interest,  prejudice  or 
want  of  information  are  not  pleased  with  the  change. 

11—10 


146  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

In  all  your  intercourse  with  the  Spanish  Authorities 
in  your  vicinity  you  will  manifest  a  friendly  disposition, 
and  I  particularly  request  that  you  would  restrain  the 
American  Citizens  from  passing  into  the  adjacent  Span- 
ish provinces,  mth  a  design  to  take  Horses,  As  far  as  I 
know,  a  good  understanding  exists  between  the  United 
States  and  his  Catholic  Majesty,  and  this  good  under- 
standing it  is  our  duty  to  promote.  I  believe  the  Limits 
of  Louisiana  are  not  clearly  ascertained,  nor  do  I  yet 
know  how  far  the  claims  of  the  United  States  ivestwardly 
will  extend.  But  until  this  question  is  settled  I  have  no 
objection  to  your  comphdng  with  the  desire  of  the  Com- 
mandant of  ISTatchitoches,  by  granting  your  passports  to 
the  Citizens  of  Louisiana  travelling  from  one  post  to  an- 
other was  heretofore  invariably  observed,  and  I  wish 
you  to  conform  to  this  custom  in  your  District  until  in- 
structed to  the  contrary. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 

Your  obdt.  Sert. 
(Signed)  ^Ym.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Capt.  Edwd.  D.  Turner 
Commandant  of  Natchitoches 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  May  13th  1804 
Sir, 

I  received  on  this  Morning  the  enclosed  Letter  from 
Captain  Turner,  the  Coimnandant  Civil  and  Military  of 
the  District  of  Natchitoches  on  the  Eed  River,  and  im- 
mediately returned  an  answer  of  which  the  paper  marked 
A  is  a  copy.  In  my  Letter  to  you  of  the  10th  Instant,  I 
mentioned  that  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo,  Governor  of 
Salcedo,  and  the  Intendant  Morales  were  still  in  Orleans : 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        147 

-  I  may  also  add  that  the  late  Secretary  to  the  Province, 
Auditor,  Contador,  and  twelve  or  fifteen  officers  of  the 
Spanish  Army  together  with  one  Company  of  Dragoons, 
with  a  small  detachment  of  Spanish  Infantry  have  not 
yet  removed  from  New  Orleans.  The  Marquis  (with 
whom  I  am  in  habits  of  friendly  intercourse)  informed 
me  on  yesterday  that  the  Dragoons  would  proceed  to 
Mexico  in  a  few  days.  With  respect  to  the  officers  whom 
I  have  enumerated  I  think  it  probable  the  greater  part 
of  them  Avill  pass  the  Summer  here.  The  Marquis  (as  I 
heretofore  informed  you)  is  appointed  a  Commissioner 
of  Limits,  and  contemplates  I  understand,  a  residence  in 
this  City,  until  he  receives  further  instructions  from  his 
Court. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  and  esteem 

(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 

Secty.  of  State 


To  Lieut.  Boivmar 

New  Orleans  14th  May  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  15th  Ultimo  was  duly  received. 
The  Satisfaction  expressed  by  the  people  on  the  change 
of  Dominion,  and  their  attachment  to  the  American  Gov- 
ernment must  tend  to  render  your  official  duties  Agree- 
able, and  I  am  persuaded  your  conduct  will  be  such  as  to 
attach  the  general  confidence  and  esteem  of  your  fellow 
Citizens.  It  is  expected  that  everything  will  be  done  by 
you  to  maintain  the  Friendship  of  the  Indians  settled  in 
the  Vicinity  of  your  Post,  and  those  who  may  trade  there. 

"With  this  object  in  view  you  will  take  care  that  no  vi- 


148  MISSISSIPPI    TERPJTORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

olence  be  offered  to  unoffending  Indians,  and  that  in 
their  Trade  with  the  Merchants  no  injustice  be  done  them. 
In  your  conversations  with  these  Indians  you  will  speak 
of  the  Friendly  disposition  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  to  his  Red  Children  and  his  great  desire  to  see 
them  happy.  You  will  add  that  the  Americans  are  now 
their  Brothers,  and  they  must  live  in  peace  and  friend- 
ship as  one  family. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully  , . 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Lieutnt.  Bowmar 
Commandant  of  Ouachitas 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  14th  May  1804 
Sir, 

On  this  Morning  I  received  the  enclosed  Letter  from 
the  Commandant  of  the  District  of  Ouachitas,  and  re- 
turned the  answer  of  which  the  paper  marked  B  is  a 
Copy. 

You  will  have  discovered,  that  some  time  had  elapsed 
after  the  delivery  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States  be- 
fore the  Posts  of  Natchitoches  and  Ouachitas  were  takeir 
possession  of  by  our  Troops.    This  delay  arose  from  an 
unwillingness  to  reduce  our  force  in  this  City,  until  the 
greater  part  of  the  Spanish  Troops  had  been  withdrawn 
and  the  long  Voyage  which  the  detachment  had  to  per- 
form previous  to  their  reaching  the  Posts  aforesaid. 
I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
you  obdt.  Sevt. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison  _ 

Sect,  of  State 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  149 

To  Lieut.  Boivmar 

New  Orleans  15th  May  1804 
Sir, 

I  approve  of  the  desire  you  manifest  in  your  Letter 
of  the  26th  Ultimo  to  place  the  Militia  of  your  District 
on  a  more  respectable  footing. 

Ouachitas  is  a  frontier  Post,  and  in  the  first  moments 
of  danger,  the  Citizens  if  not  trained  to  arms,  might  suf- 
fer considerably  before  adequate  relief  could  be  afforded 
from  the  interior  Settlements.  To  assist  you  therefore 
in  your  exertions  for  a  better  organization  of  the  Mili- 
tia, I  embrace  the  earliest  opportunity  to  forward  you 
Seven  Blank  Commissions,  which  you  will  fill  up  with  the 
names  of  Such  persons,  as  you  may  Suppose  best  quali- 
fied, and  entitled  to  my  confidence. 

I  desire  that  (as  heretofore)  the  Militia  of  your  Dis- 
trict, should  be  divided  into  Infantry  and  Cavalry,  and 
one  company  of  each.  Attached  to  the  Infantry  I  wish 
one  Captain  and  two  Subalterns;  to  the  Cavalry  one 
Captain  and  three  Subalterns — 

The  Commissions  are  all  dated  on  the  same  day  (ex- 
cept one)  which  you  will  fill  up  with  the  name  of  the  per- 
son you  would  wish  to  take  rank  as  the  Senior  Captain. 
I  thought  it  best  not  to  fill  up  the  Commissions  with  the 
names  you  forwarded,  lest  on  further  acquaintance  with 
the  Citizens,  some  other  characters  better  qualified  might 
become  known  to  you  or  some  of  those  recommended 
might  decline  Serving. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Lieut.  Bowmar 
Commandant  at  Ouachitas 


150'  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  16th  May  1804 
Sir,  ' 

Your  communication  of  the  12th  Instant  has  been  duly 
received,  and  I  beg  you  to  be  assured  of  my  readiness  to 
render  you  in  your  individual  or  public  Capacity  any 
Services  in  my  power.  I  have  no  objection  to  Mr.  Peter 
Pedisclaux's  assisting  you  in  the  researches  which  you 
are  charged  to  make,  and  taking  for  your  use,  extracts 
from,  or  copies  of,  such  judicial  proceedings  as  may  be 
on  file  in  any  of  the  Offices  in  Louisiana. 

I  renew  to  you  the  assurances  of  my  esteem  and  re- 
spect 

(Signed)  AVm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  Henry  Hopkins. 

New  Orleans  18th  May  1804 
Sir, 

Enclosed  you  will  recive  documents  relative  to  the 
freedom  of  a  Negro  Man  named  Pierre  Mallet,  which  you 
are  required  carefully  to  examine,  and  should  you  find 
that  the  Said  Negroe  is  entitled  to  his  freedom  you  are 
to  take  the  necessary  Steps  to  secure  him  his  rights. 

I  am  Sir  Respectfully 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Henry  Hopkins 
Commandant  of  Atakapas  &  Opelousas 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        151 

To  William  Cooper. 

New  Orleans  19th  May  1804 
Sir, 

You  will  be  good  enough  to  visit  the  Danish  Schooner 
Nancy,  Belhome  Master  from  Kingston,  and  having  as- 
certained the  number  of  Slaves  on  Board  you  will  give 
permission,  and  to  transmit  to  me  by  the  Said  Captain 
in  a  Letter,  the  number  of  Slaves  their  Sex  &c  &c  You 
will  also  be  good  enough  to  forward  me  by  some  con- 
venient opportunity  a  duplicate  of  the  Letter  and  list  of 
Slaves  which  you  may  have  given  to  the  Captain  of  the 
Schooner. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Capt.  Cooper 
Commanding  at  Plaquemines 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  20th  May  1804 
Sir, 

The  Treaty  Ceding  Louisiana  to  Spain  in  1762  and 
her  Act  of  Acceptance  I  have  not  been  able  to  meet  with 
among  any  of  the  records  in  this  City.  In  the  Archives 
of  the  Cabildo,  now  in  possession  of  the  Municipality,  I 
find  no  traces  of  any  events  prior  to  the  arrival  of  Gen- 
eral 0  Reilly.  The  proceedings  of  the  Supreme  Council 
of  New  Orleans,  under  the  Government  of  France,  some 
old  Inhabitants  are  of  opinion,  were  either  removed  by 
the  French  Authority  or  Suppressed  by  OReilly.  I  have 
enquired  of  the  Marquis  De  Casa  Calvo,  and  Don  Andre 
late  Secretary  of  the  Government,  if  they  had  ever  seen 
the  Treaty  of  Cession,  and  Act  of  Acceptance  referred 


152  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

to  in  the  Letter  addressed  by  the  King  of  France  to  Gov- 
ernor D'Abbadie,  and  they  answered  in  the  Negative, 
adding  their  belief  that  those  papers  were  never  pub- 
lished. The  first  Spanish  Governor  Ulloa  arrived  at 
New  Orleans  in  March  1766,  with  Authority  from  Spain 
to  take  possession  of  the  Country  and  probably  with 
Copies  of  the  Treaty  &c  &c  But  previous  to  his  arrival 
D'Abbadie  had  died,  and  the  powers  of  Governor  were 
exercised  by  the  French  Military  Commandant  Aubry. 
This  Officer  conspiring  with  the  Inhabitants  formed  a 
party  Sufficiently  Strong  to  delay  the  actual  Cession  of 
the  City  for  about  two  years  and  eventually  to  force 
Ulloa  out  of  the  Province,  who  it  is  likely  took  with  him 
his  credentials  and  all  other  Documents  committed  to 
his  care. 

This  Sir  is  the  result  of  all  the  enquiries  which  I  have 
as  yet  been  able  to  make.  But  you  may  be  assured  I 
will  not  remit  my  endeavours  to  procure  further  infor- 
mation on  the  Subject.  The  Mail  expected  from  the 
Eastward  last  week  failed  to  arrive;  and  I  of  course 
have  not  yet  received  the  additional  Supply  of  Blank 
passports  which  you  promised  me. 

In  a  Letter  which  reached  me  this  day  from  Captain 
Stoddart  first  Civil  Commandant  of  Upper  Louisiana,  I 
learn  that  every  thing  is  tranquil  in  that  quarter,  and  the 
people  well  affected  to  the  Government.  I  have  the 
pleasure  to  add  that  good  order  continues  to  prevail  in 
this  City.  Governor  Salcedo  and  his  family  have  taken 
their  passage  in  a  Vessel  bound  to  Cadiz,  and  it  is  ex- 
pected will  Sail  in  the  course  of  this  week. 

I  am  Sir  with  respect  and  Sincerity  your  most 

obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 

James  Madison  - 

Secty.  of  State.  ^ 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  153 

To  Henry  Dearborn. 

New  Orleans  20th  May  180^ 
Sir, 

At  the  request  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the  United  States 
Army  stationed  in  this  City  I  have  the  Honour  to  for- 
ward the  enclosed  recommending  the  appointment  of 
Doctor  Oliver  H.  Spencer  in  the  room  of  Doctor  Car- 
michael  (resigned)  late  Military  Surgeon  at  this  Post. 

Doctor  Spencer  was  Educated,  as  I  understand,  un- 
der Doctor  Richard  Allison  when  Surgeon  general  of  the 
United  States  Army,  and  he  has  since  graduated  as  M.  D. 
in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  During  the  Scarcity 
of  Surgeons  in  the  Western  Country  in  1799  and  1800 
he  was  employed  in  that  capacity  for  upwards  of  a  year 
at  Fort  Adams,  and  since  the  removal  of  the  Troops 
hither,  he  has  again  officiated  for  Doctor  Carmichael 
who  has  been  absent  since  February.  The  Officers  have 
consequently  had  an  opportunity  to  form  an  opinion  of 
his  industry,  attention,  and  Success  in  practise. 

It  is  only  necessary  for  me  to  add  that  the  Gentle- 
man in  question  has  practised  Medecine  in  this  City  for 
about  three  years,  and  bears  an  Excellent  character ;  and 
to  express  my  anxious  wish,  for  the  Sake  of  humanity, 
as  well  as  the  benefit  of  the  Service,  that  the  Troops  at 
this  Post  (all  Strangers  to  the  Climate)  maybe  provided 
with  the  best  Medical  aid  before  the  arrival  of  that  peril- 
ous Season  now  almost  at  hand. 

Accept  Assurances  of  my  great  Respect  and  Sincere 
esteem 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
Henry  Dearborn 
Secty.  of  War 


154  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Bore. 
g.^.  New  Orleans  21st  of  May  1804 

I  have  duly  received  yours  of  the  19th  instant  an- 
nouncing your  wish  to  resign  the  Mayorality  of  this  City. 

I  always  accept  with  concern  the  resignation  of  a 
public  officer  who  has  been  faithful  to  his  trust  and  there- 
fore cannot  but  regret  the  circumstances  which  have  in- 
duced your  relinquishment  of  an  office,  the  duties  of 
which  have  been  discharged  with  so  much  credit  to  your-, 
self  and  advantage  to  the  City.  I  cannot  however  but 
acknowledge  the  urgency  of  your  motives  for  retirement, 
and  shall  therefore  forbear  to  urge  your  continuance  in 
public  Service. 

I  pray  you  to  accept  assurances  of  my  great  respect 
and  esteem 
Mr.  Bore  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


An  Ordinance 
Concerning  persons  confined  for  Debt 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory  Exercising  the  powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

Be  it  ordained,  that  persons  confined  for  Debt  shall 
each  receive  from  the  Jailor  a  daily  Subsistence  of  the 
value  of  thirty  Cents,  and  w^hich  shall  be  paid  by  the 
Creditor,  Agent  or  Attorney  at  whose  suit  such  persons 
may  have  been  confined. 

And  be  it  further  ordained  that  a  payment  for  the 
subsistence  of  such  persons  shall  be  made  once  in  each 
and  every  week,  and  if  the  same  shall  be  refused  or  de- 
layed, it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Sheriff  after  five  days 
previous  notice  to  the  Creditor,  Agent,  or  Attorney  as 
aforesaid,  to  release  from  confinement,  the  Debtor,  on 
the  payment  of  so  much  of  his  Jail  expences  as  shall  re- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       155 

main  to  be  discharged :  and  Such  release  shall  thereafter 
exempt  the  person  of  the  Debtor  from  process  of  any 
kind  on  the  judgment  or  demand  on  which  he  had  been 
so  confined.  Given  under  my  hand,  and  the  Seal  of  the 
administration  at  the  City  of  New  Orleans  the  twenty 
first  day  of  May  1804  and  in  the  28th  year  of  American 
Independence. 
[S.L.]  (Signed)    Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Henry  Hopkins. 
g.^  New  Orleans  22nd  May  1804 

In  relation  to  the  matter  in  dispute  between  Edward 
Worthington  and  Daniel  Callaghan  you  wall  be  pleased 
to  require  the  parties  to  appear  before  me  on  the  20th 
of  next  month  (June)  at  the  Government  House  in  this 
City,  you  will  direct  them  to  come  prepared  with  their 
Testimony,  for  on  that  day  I  propose  to  investigate  the 
matter  in  dispute  between  them,  and  to  make  such  de- 
cree, as  justice  shall  dictate. 

I  am  Sir  very  respectfully 

Your  obedient  servant 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Henry  Hopkins 
Commandant  of  Atakapas  &  Apelousas 


From  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

(Translation) 

To  the  Governor  General  and  Intendant  of  the  Prov- 
ince of  Louisiana. 
Sir, 

The  Criminal  Suit  which  had  been  begun  in  the  time 
of  the  Spanish  Government  against  Lewis  St.  Julien  In- 
habitant of  the  Post  of  Atakapas,  claims  all  the  atten- 


156  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

tion  of  the  undersigned  Commissary  of  his  Catholic  Maj- 
esty, and  induces  him  to  expose  to  your  Excellency  what 
follows. 

The  Colonial  Prefect  Citizen  Laussat,  contrary  to  all 
justice,  contrary  to  the  common  rights  of  men,  three  days 
after  he  had  taken  possession  of  this  Province,  without 
the  least  regard  for  the  close  and  Sacred  ties  of  friend- 
ship and  alliance  which  unite  the  Spanish  Government 
with  the  French  Republic,  did  in  an  abrupt  and  violent 
manner,  without  any  previous  investigation  of  the  cause 
pronounced  that  St.  Julien  was  innocent  of  the  horrid 
crime  which  is  imputed  to  him,  notwithstanding  his  con- 
science must  have  represented  the  matter  to  him  in  a 
very  different  point  of  view.  For  at  at  the  time  he  had 
the  temeritj^  to  set  him  at  liberty,  he  covered  himself  with 
the  veil  of  an  apparent  justice,  by  executing  a  Security 
which  the  Spanish  Laws  do  not  admit  in  criminal  cases 
of  this  nature,  while  with  all  the  venom  of  Rebellion  and 
discord  he  spread  profusely  throughout  all  the  Province 
and  even  ordered  to  be  posted  up  in  the  most  retired  cor- 
ners of  this  City  an  outrageous  and  Satirical  Proclama- 
tion, truly  mortifjdng  to  the  Spanish  Nation;  thus  de- 
spising the  dictates  of  the  most  simple  and  common  jus- 
tice. 

Some  respectable  Families  who  have  deserved  well  of 
the  Spanish  Government,  are  clamoring  and  calling 
aloud  for  justice  and  protection,  which  are  imperiously 
commanded  b}'  the  National  Honour.  The  public  Vindi- 
cation and  the  Safety  of  those  Settlements  wherein  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  is  so  essentially  inter- 
ested. That  protection  the  Commissioner  of  His  Catho- 
lic Majesty  now  begs  of  your  Excellency. 

It  will  seem  that  this  representation  ought  to  have 
been  made  ever  since  the  Colonial  perfect  issued  his  proc- 
lamation, and  had  the  Audacity  to  set  St.  Julien  at  lib- 
erty, but  if  your  Excellency  will  please  to  pay  some  atten- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       157 

tioii  to  the  Motives  hereafter  expressed  you  will  no  doubt 
commend  the  moderation  with  which  the  Spanish  Com- 
missioners behaved  under  these  circumstances.  They 
were  in  hopes  that  the  Colonial  Prefect  conformably  to 
the  Royal  Decree  of  the  fifteenth  of  October  1802  for  the 
Re-Cession  would  Realize  the  wishes  of  their  Sovereign 
and  let  the  Justices  and  Tribunals,  here  established  con- 
tinue their  functions  according  to  the  customs  admitted 
in  the  Colony,  and  that  likewise  the  Inhabitants  would  be 
preserved  and  maintained  in  quiet  possession  of  their 
property. 

To  what  degree  the  beneficent  intentions  of  the  King 
have  been  frustrated,  is  evidently  seen  by  the  disposi- 
tions of  the  Prefect,  who  in  the  very  instant  of  taking 
possession  changed  and  altered  all  the  System  of  the 
Spanish  Government,  forming  and  establishing  new  Tri- 
bunals and  Officers. 

I  must  confess  to  your  Excellency  that  I  then  was  in 
a  great  perplexity  owing  to  the  natural  resentment  which 
I  felt,  on  seeing  the  recommendation  of  my  Sovereign 
not  attended  to,  but  notwithstanding  I  adhered  Strictly 
and  literally  to  the  Execution  of  his  Royal  Orders.  From 
thence  your  Excellency  may  infer  whether  it  was  pru- 
dent to  add  more  aliment  to  a  Volcano  already  in  flames, 
by  exposing  my  sentiments  and  those  of  the  Nation  to 
universal  criticism  and  endangering  the  lives  of  many  in- 
nocents. 

I  therefore  confined  myself  to  the  information  which 
I  gave  to  the  Court,  believing  that  the  nigh  change  of 
Government  would  give  an  opportunity  of  replacing 
everything  in  its  former  order  by  continuing  the  investi- 
gation of  the  suit  so  as  to  come  to  the  discovery  of  the 
author  of  that  horrid  crime,  of  which  St.  Julien  is  ac- 
cused with  so  violent  suspicions.  Under  these  expecta- 
tions I  let  time  pass  away,  and  was  thinking  that  the  in- 
terested parties  would  establish  their  right  in  your  Ex- 


158  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

cellency's  Tribunal,  but  seeing  now  that  Six  months  have 
elapsed,  and  considering  that  justice  never  can  perish,  I 
find  myself  under  the  necessity  of  breaking  Silence, 
when  I  observe  the  Brazen  faced  insolence  with  which 
St.  Julien  appears  in  the  Post  of  Atakapas,  and  in  this 
City,  and  the  intention  which  I  am  told  he  has  of  Solicit- 
ing his  acquital  from  your  Excellency,  and  the  abroga- 
tion of  the  Security  he  has  given.  I  therefore  entreat 
your  Excellency  in  the  name  of  the  King  my  master  for 
the  Sake  of  Justice,  and  for  the  Honour  of  my  nation, 
to  be  pleased  to  take  into  consideration  the  gravity  of 
the  case,  and  to  order  that  the  investigation  of  the  suit 
be  continued,  detaining  at  the  same  time  in  a  safe  prison 
the  body  of  St.  Julien,  for  it  is  no  more  than  what  dic- 
tates the  common  right  of  Men,  and  it  is  not  in  the  least 
Offensive  to  the  Authority  of  the  United  States,  Since 
the  only  object  is  to  discover  the  true  Malefactor  and  to 
extinguish  the  discord  and  Spirit  of  party  which  this 
cause  will  foment,  so  long  as  the  fact  be  not  brought 
to  light  before  it  can  be  obscured  by  malice  in  the  course 
of  time.     May  God  grant  you  a  long  life. 

(Signed)  El  Marquis  De  Casa  Calvo 
I  certify  the  above  to  be  a  true  and  faithful  translation 
of  the  original. 

(Signed)  P.  Derbigny  Interpretor  to  the  Government 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  22nd  May  1804. 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  10th  instant  has  been  received  and 
read  with  respectful  attention.  I  regret  very  Sincerely 
the  unpleasant  Sensations  to  which  the  affair  of  St.  Ju- 
lien has  given  rise,  both  to   the   Commissioners   of  his 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        159 

Catholic  Majesty,  and  the  late  Colonial  Prefect  of  Lou- 
isiana ;  but  I  trust  that  your  Excellency  must  be  sensible 
to  the  extreme  delicacy  of  the  situation  in  which  I  am 
placed,  and  the  propriety  of  my  reserving  for  my  Gov- 
ernment alone  my  opinions  that  I  may  have  formed  rel- 
ative to  the  conduct  of  those  who  have  preceded  me  in 
authority. 

On  my  arrival  at  Ncm^  Orleans  I  found  St.  Julien  at 
Liberty  and  bound  in  recognizance  for  his  appearance 
whenever  he  might  be  called  upon.  But  as  I  entertained 
serious  doubts  whether  any  principle  of  Law  would  jus- 
tify my  noticing  offences  of  which  my  Government  had 
no  cognizance  when  they  were  committed,  I  was  dis- 
posed not  to  revive  the  discussion  of  St.  Julien 's  case. 
With  a  view  however  to  throw  Some  light  upon  a  Sub- 
ject which  had  caused  so  much  agitation  in  the  public 
mind,  and  seemed  to  excite  a  general  Interest  in  the 
Country,  I  instructed  the  Commandant  of  the  Atakapas 
to  receive  depositions  in  that  case  at  an  appointed  time 
and  place  after  having  given  due  notice  to  St.  Julien,  and 
M  A  Declouet  whom  I  understood  to  be  one  of  St.  Ju- 
liens  accusers.  St.  Julien  complied  with  the  appoint- 
ment, but  no  one  appeared  on  the  part  of  the  prosecu- 
tion to  prefer  any  accusation  against  him.  Of  these 
facts  I  am  advised  by  the  Coimnandant.  But  I  do  not 
feel  myself  at  Liberty  to  give  any  opinion  on  the  Sub- 
ject, and  therefore  have  not  released  St.  Julien  from  his 
Security.  As  a  measure  which  I  deem  most  adviseable, 
I  propose  to  transmit  to  my  Government  a  just  repre- 
sentation of  the  affair  and  until  I  shall  in  return  receive 
its  instructions,  the  business  will  rest  upon  its  present 
footing. 

I  renew  to  your  Excellency  assurances   of  my  high 
consideration  and  Sincere  esteem 
His  Excellency  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


160  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Albert  Gallatin. 

New  Orleans  23rd  May  1804 
10  oClock  at  Night 
Dear  Sir, 

I  received  on  tliis  evening  yours  of  the  16th  of  April 
last  respecting  the  contemplated  incorporation  of  a  Do- 
mestic Bank  in  this  Territory  and  while  I  regret  that  the 
measure  should  appear  to  you  so  censurable  I  am  happy 
to  relieve  you  from  any  apprehensions  which  you  may 
entertain  from  that  Establishment. 

On  a  re-examination  of  the  powers  with  which  I  have 
been  actually  invested,  excuse  me  for  Saying  that  I  can- 
not wholly  think  with  you  that,  all  acts  of  permanent  op- 
eration w^ere  altogether  beyond  my  Authority,  but  know- 
ing the  arrangement  under  which  I  was  commissioned  to 
be  merely  of  a  temporary  nature,  and  as  you  remark  in- 
tended only  for  temporary  purposes  I  studiously  avoided 
even  the  appearance  of  making  any  provisions  beyond 
the  Term  of  my  appointment.  The  Bank  Project  has 
been  I  believe  the  only  instance  in  which  I  have  exer- 
cised my  power  in  deviation  from  that  determination  and 
this  deviation  I  was  pressed  by  an  urgency  of  circum- 
stances too  emperious  to  be  at  the  moment  resisted. 
When  the  proposal  for  establishing  the  Louisiana  Bank 
was  Sanctioned  by  me,  the  Eevenue  Laws  to  which  you 
refer,  had  not  reached  this  country.  The  uncertainty 
of  the  people  as  to  their  political  f^te  produced  much  in- 
quietude ;  the  proposed  prohibition  of  the  African  Trade, 
had  excited  dissatisfaction  among  the  farmers ;  the  Mer- 
chants were  loud  in  their  clamors  against  the  export 
duties,  and  the  want  of  Registers  for  their  Vessels  many 
of  which  had  been  lying  idle  for  months.  And  at  that 
critical  period  there  were  not  wanting  persons  who  from 
principles  of  disaffection  to  the  New  Government,  or  mo- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       161 

lives  of  personal  ambition,  were  endeavouring  to  take 
advantage  of  the  prevailing  ferment  in  the  Public  mind. 

Popular  meetings  were  called,  Spirited  remon- 
strances were  threatened,  and  the  Supineness  of  Con- 
gress relative  to  the  interests  of  Louisiana  much  com- 
plained of.  I  had  also  reason  to  suspect  and  I  fear 
with  too  much  truth,  that  characters  more  influential 
than  those  who  appeared  on  the  Surface  of  this  conuno- 
tion  were  at  the  Bottom  of  it.  Thus  embarrassed  ^^^th 
difficulties,  and  surrounded  by  dangers  of  which  I  could 
not  calculate  the  extent,  I  thought  myself  fortunate  in 
discovering  that  by  opening  a  new  door  to  pecuniary 
Speculation,  I  was  able  to  divert  for  the  moment,  the 
most  influential  part  of  the  Mercantile  interest  from 
within  the  Pale  of  Political  discontent,  and  at  the  same 
time  to  lay  the  foundation  of  an  institution  which  as  it 
was  represented  to  me  would  eventually  prove  of  Na- 
tional advantage. 

The  most  Wealthy  and  Respectable  Merchants  of  this 
City  almost  without  an  exception  requested  the  Erection 
of  the  Bank.  Pleased  with  the  Novelty  of  the  institu- 
tion, the  Subject  was  pressed  with  uncommon  Solicitude; 
and  the  Interest  in  favour  of  the  establishment  appeared 
so  general  and  so  lively,  that  I  did  not  think  it  safe  at 
that  crisis  to  add  to  the  motives  of  popular  dissatisfac- 
tion. Still  however  I  felt  a  reluctance  to  yield  to  a 
measure  (which  though  perhaps  not  beyond  the  Scope 
of  my  powers)  was  inconsistent  \yith  the  rule  of  conduct 
by  wiiicli  I  intended  the  acts  of  my  temporary  adminis- 
tration should  be  influenced,  I  consulted  wdth  several 
Gentlemen  of  information  here,  whose  friendship  for  me 
and  attachment  to  the  Government,  I  could  not  question 
and  of  whose  disinterestedness  also,  I  was  perfectly  as- 
sured, of  my  powers  they  entertained  no  doubt  nor  of 

11—11 


162  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  Policy  and  even  the  necessity  of  the  measure  under 
the  then  existing  circumstances  of  the  Country. 

My  Friend  H.  B.  Trist  as  also  my  friend  Robert  Wil- 
liams of  North  Carolina  who  was  then  here  were  favour- 
able to  the  arrangement;  and  General  Wilkinson  strongly 
recommended  it.  At  length  therefore  tho  after  consid- 
erable hesitation  and  as  much  delay  as  the  urgency  of 
the  applicants  and  the  Public  temper  would  admit  of,  I 
passed  the  Ordinance  of  which  I  have  transmitted  a 
Copy  to  the  Department  of  State. 

But  fortunately  perhaps  in  this  instance  a  Steadiness 
of  attachment  to  favorite  objects  is  not  among  the  char- 
acteristicks  of  our  new  fellow  Citizens  in  this  quarter. 
No  sooner  were  the  Bank  Books  opened  than  nearly  half 
the  fund  required  was  subscribed ;  but  the  rage  of  Sub- 
scription cooled  with  almost  incredible  rapidity  and  the 
Eagerness  with  which  the  Citizens  at  first  hurried  into 
the  Specualtion,  was  quickly  equalled  by  the  neglect  into 
which  it  sunk. 

A  few  feeble  efforts  were  made  but  without  effect,  to 
revive  the  Spirit  of  adventure,  niid  there  seems  to  be  but 
little  prospect  that  the  Capital  required  will  ever  be 
completed:  Should  therefore  the  Bank  of  the  United 
States  be  disposed  to  establish  a  Branch  in  this  City,  it 
has  nothing  to  apprehend  from  the  rivalry  of  the  Louisi- 
ana Bank.  I  trust  you  mil  do  me  the  justice  to  believe 
that  I  am  not  arrogant  of  power,  and  have  not  been  led 
into  this  scheme  by  a  vain  desire  of  extending  my  Au- 
thority beyond  its  legitimate  limits.  In  the  exercise  of 
the  large  discretion  with  which  I  have  been  entrusted,  I 
have  doubtless  committed  many  errors;  but  I  can  confi- 
dently assure  you  what  I  hope  you  will  not  refuse  to  be- 
lieve, that  the  real  interests  of  my  Country  have  hitherto 
been  the  invariable  motives  of  every  act  of  my  adminis- 
tration.   Do  me  the  favour  to  Submit  this  letter  to  the 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       163 

perusal  of  the  President  and  believe  me  to  remain  with 
Sentiments  of  very  great  respect 

Your  Friend  and  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P  S.  I  positively  State,  that  the  wish  of  the  Govern- 
ment to  introduce  a  Branch  Bank  of  the  United  States 
into  this  Territory,  I  had  not  the  most  distant  knowl- 
edge of,  at  the  time  I  sanctioned  the  Ordinance  for  the 
Louisiana  Bank ;  the  Revenue  laws  had  not  then  reached 
New  Orleans,  nor  were  there  contents  kno^vn  to  me,  and 
the  act  relative  to  the  Branch  Bank,  which  you  mention 
I  never  saw  until  last  evening. 

I  again  repeat  that  the  opinion  of  every  person  here 
with  w^hom  I  consulted  thought  my  powers  Sufficient  and 
urged  the  measure.  In  consequence  of  my  hesitation, 
Don  Andre  the  late  Spanish  Secretary  a  man  of  Sense 
and  candour,  was  consulted  as  to  his  opinion  of  the 
power  of  the  Spanish  Governor  to  grant  a  charter,  and 
he  answered  (as  was  confidently  stated  to  me)  that  there 
would  have  been  no  doubt  as  to  his  power. 

General  Wilkinson,  Robert  Williams  and  Friend 
Isaac  Briggs  were  here  when  my  Bank  Ordinance  was 
passed —  they  I  trust  will  do  me  the  justice  to  state  my 
motives,  and  the  manner  in  which  I  was  urged  to  the 
measure.  Friend  Briggs  was  the  only  person  (besides 
myself)  who  expressed  doubts  as  to  my  powers;  but  he 
seemed  to  think  that  on  principles  of  jDolitical  expedi- 
ency I  would  stand  justified. 

I  shall  await  the  Presidents  instructions  and  will 
cheerfully  comply  with  them; —  I  understand  only  one 
Hundred  and  forty  thousand  Dollars  have  been  Sub- 
scribed, and  there  is  no  doubt  with  me  but  the  thing 
would  have  died  of  itself. 

To  repeal  it  however  might  create  some  unpleasant 


164  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOKIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Sensations  in  the  public  mind,  and  those  who  have  not 
Subscribed  a  cent,  would  perhaps  find  the  most  fault. 

Your  Friend 

(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne  - 
The  Honble. 
Albert  Gallatin 

Secty.  of  the  Treasury  ■ 


To  Don  Juan  Ventura  Morales 

New  Orleans  23rd  May  1804 
Sir, 

The  pressure  of  public  business  has  prevented  me 
from  sooner  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  your  Letter  of 
the  7th  instant. 

Such  claims  or  demands  as  you  may  have  either  in 
your  public  or  individual  Character  against  Citizens  of 
New  Orleans  are  cognizable  before  the  Governors  Court, 
or  the  Court  of  pleas  in  this  City.  If  the  demand  ex- 
ceeds three  thousand  Dollars,  it  can  alone  be  enquired 
into  before  the  Governor,  if  under  that  sum,  it  is  most 
proper  to  institute  a  suit  in  the  Court  of  pleas.  The 
mode  observed  in  commencing  process  in  the  Governors 
Court  is,  by  a  Petition,  in  which  the  nature  of  the  claim 
is  clearly  Stated,  and  in  the  inferior  Court,  the  issuing  a 
writ  against  the  defendant,  by  Mr.  Derbigny  the  Clerk  of 
the  Court. 

I  renew  to  you  Sir  assurances  of  my  high  considera- 
tion 

(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Don  Juan  Ventura  Morales 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W,  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       165 

To  James  Madison. 

_,.  New  Orleans  24th  May  1804 

In  my  Letter  of  the  24th  of  January  I  mentioned  the 
agitation  in  the  public  mind  which  the  case  of  St.  Julien 
(on  a  charge  of  Murder)  has  occasioned  here  and  the  line 
of  conduct  I  had  pursued.  I  now  enclose  the  translation 
of  a  late  letter  to  me  from  the  Marquis  De  Casa  Calvo  on 
this  Subject,  No.  1  and  a  Copy  of  my  answer  No.  2.  A 
Copy  of  the  Prefects  proclamation,  to  which  the  Marquis 
alludes  is  also  enclosed  No.  3. 

St.  Julien  has  many  friends,  and  the  general  Senti- 
ment is  greatly  in  his  favour :  his  accusers  however  have 
great  Wealth,  and  Stand  high  in  the  confidence  of  the 
Spanish  Government;  they  are  novv^  extremely  solicitous 
for  St.  Juliens  arrest,  and  seem  to  think  that  on  his  Trial 
they  wnild  be  enabled  to  prove  his  guilt.  I  have  already 
expressed  my  doubts  as  to  my  powers  to  punish  Offences 
which  were  committed  in  Louisiana  previous  to  the  late 
change  of  Dominion,  nor  do  I  think  it  would  be  politic  to 
revive  this  particular  case.  Under  existing  circumstances 
I  however  must  pray  that  the  subject  may  be  taken  into 
consideration  by  the  Executive  and  that  you  would  for- 
ward to  me  your  instructions  thereon.  I  understand  that 
a  French  Privateer  with  two  Prizes  has  entered  the  Mis- 
sissippi, but  I  do  not  know  how  far  the  information  may 
be  correct. 

The  Passports  which  were  forwarded  to  me  in  your 
Letter  of  the  9th  Ultimo  have  all  been  filled  up,  and  I 
anxiously  await  an  additional  Suppl5^ 

I  am  Sir  very  Eespectfully 

Your  most  obdt.  Sevt. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 

Secty  of  State 


166  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  24th  May  1804 
Sir, 

There  exists  a  great  hatred  between  the  Marquis  of 
Casa  Calvo  and  the  late  Intendant  Morales  and  at  this 
time  their  exertions  are  mutual  to  ruin  each  other.  The 
contest  is  taking  such  a  direction  that  the  probability  is, 
one  of  them  will  lose  the  confidence  of  their  Court :  My 
private  opinion  is  that  the  Marquis  is  infinitely  the  most 
deserving  character  and  I  therefore  wish  and  hope  he 
may  triumph  over  his  rival. 

The  Privateer  of  which  I  spoke  in  my  Letter  this 
Morning  has  been  stopped  at  Plaquemines,-  She  has  no 
prizes  with  her  as  was  reported,  but  in  her  possession  is 
a  long  boat  with  the  "Abigail  of  New  York"  written  on 
her  Stern :-  an  attempt  has  been  made  to  erase  the  words, 
but  I  learn  they  are  still  legible :-  This  circumstance  leads 
to  a  belief  that,  the  Privateer  has  captured  an  American 
Vessel  on  our  Coast. 

Application  is  not  jQi  made,  for  the  passage  of  the 
Privateer  by  the  Fort. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 

Secty.  of  State 


New  Orleans  25th  May  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  received  3^our  Letter  of  the  19th  instant  relative  to 
the  opening  a  road  along  the  shore  of  the  Bayou  St.  John, 
and  having  duly  considered  the  same,  approve  of  your 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C,  CLAIBORNE.       167 

regulations  and  Shall  immediately  transmit  orders  to  Mr. 
Bernard  Genois  to  comply  witlmt  delay  to  your  arrete 
(upon  this  Subject)  of  the  9th  instant. 
I  am  with  due  respect 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Mayor 


To  Bernard  Genois 

New  Orleans  26th  May  1804 
Sir, 

You  are  required  to  conform  to  the  Arrete  of  the  Mu- 
nicipality of  the  9th  Instant  of  which  you  have  already 
received  a  Copy  relative  to  the  opening  a  Road  along  the 
Shore  of  the  Bayou  St.  John,  and  which  road  has  been 
hitherto  obstructed  by  your  fence. 

I  am  Sir  with  due  Respect 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Bernard  Genois 
Bayou  St.  John 


To  The  Syndic  of  the  Bayou  St.  John 

New  Orleans  26th  May  1804 
Sir, 

You  are  requested  to  transmit  the  enclosed  letter  to 
Mr.  Bernard  Genois,  and  to  take  care  that  the  Arrete  of 
the  Municipality  of  the  9th  Instant  relative  to  the  open- 
ing a  road  along  the  Bayou  St.  John  be  executed.  In  the 
management  of  this  affair  you  are  to  act  with  the  pru- 
dence and  moderation  which  becomes  every  Officer  em- 
ployed under  the  Government. 

I  am  Sir  with  due  Respect 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Syndic  of  The  Bayou  of  St.  John 


168  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Antoine  St.  Amand 

New  Orleans  28th  May  1804 
Sir,  ;  -"^If'hti 

A  Complaint  has  been  lodged  Avith  me  relative  to  the 
conduct  of  a  Driver  belonging  to  a  Mr.  Massacour  who 
resides  in  your  District.  It  is  stated  that  this  driver  was 
instrumental  in  the  Murder  of  a  female  Slave  belonging 
also  to  Masacour,  If  there  is  ground  for  this  complaint 
you  are  required  strictly  to  examine  every  person  and 
circumstance  in  any  way  connected  with  the  affair,  and 
transmit  the  result  of  such  inquiries  to  me  with  your 
opinion  thereon. 

With  Sentiments  of  Respect  I  am  Sir 
your  obdt.  Sert. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  St.  Amand 
Commandant  of  the  1st  German  Coast 


New  Orleans  28th  May  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  received  your  Letter  of  the  19th  instant  relative  to 
your  demand  againt  Ex-Governor  Salcedo,  and  immedi- 
ately waited  upon  the  Marquis  De  Casa  Calvo  Avho  in- 
formed me  that  he  would  take  the  necessary  Steps  to  Set- 
tle that  affair  in  a  way  which  he  had  no  doubt  would  be 
Satisfactory  to  me  and  consistent  with  justice. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  due  respect 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Mayor 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       169 

To  the  Mayo7\  and  Municipality  of  Neiv  Orleans. 

New  Orleans  29tli  May  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honour  to  enclose  you  a  Letter  from  Doctor 
Watkins  upon  a  subject  interesting  to  the  Health  of  this 
City,  and  to  request  that  the  Municipality  would  take  the 
Same  into  consideration. 

Permit  me  to  add  that,  it  will  give  me  pleasure,  to 
cause  to  be  enforced  such  measures  of  police,  as  will  tend 
to  the  Security  of  the  Health  of  our  fellow  Citizens  dur« 
ing  the  approaching  Sickly  Season. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  Respect 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Mayor 


To  Henry  Hopkins. 

New  Orleans  29th  May  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  20th  instant,  has  been  duly  re- 
ceived. Every  Citizen  of  Louisiana  will  be  protected  in 
the  Religion  of  his  choice,  and  is  at  liberty  to  worship 
Almighty  God,  in  such  manner  as  his  conscience  shall 
dictate  but  when  it  unfortunately  happens  that  the  House 
of  God  is  converted  into  a  Temple  of  Discord,  and  the 
professors  of  Christianity,  so  far  deviate  from  the  mild 
precepts  of  their  Heavenly  Master,  as  to  become  the  Sons 
of  riot,  the  Civil  authority  must  so  far  interfere  as  to  take 
measures  to  preserve  the  public  peace:  But  in  such  in- 
terference the  greatest  Moderation  should  be  observed 
and  every  thing  done  to  conciliate  the  public  mind  and 
restore  harmony  to  the  Society. 

Your  late  conduct  in  Shutting  the  church  of  3^our  Dis- 


170  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

trict  seems  to  have  been  directed  by  a  Sound  discretion, 
and  was  certainly  a  prudent  measure;  you  have  there- 
fore my  entire  approbation. 

The  whole  affair  is  now  before  the  Eevd.  Mr.  Welsh 
the  Head  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  Louisiana,  and  from 
his  good  intentions  and  timely  interference,  I  persuade 
myself  the  dispute  will  be  promptly  and  amicably  Settled. 

In  the  mean  time  and  until  you  hear  further  from  me 
on  the  Subject  you  will  retain  in  your  possession  the  Keys 
of  the  Church. 

I  am  Sir  very  respectfully  your  obdt.  St. 

Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Henry  Hopkins 
Commandant  of  Atakapas  &  Opelousas 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  29th  May  1804 
Sir, 

In  the  District  of  Atakapas  a  very  great  dispute  has 
arisen  between  two  Priests.  A  Man  of  the  name  of  Bar- 
rier was  Superceded  by  Mr.  Laussat  and  a  Priest  of  the 
name  of  Veal  named  his  Successor.  Lately  the  Head  of 
the  Catholic  Church  in  Louisiana,  a  Mr.  Welsh,  recalled 
Veal,  declared  his  powers  under  Mr.  Laussat  Nul,  and 
reinstated  Barrier. 

A  few  Sundays  Since,  the  rival  Priests  appeared  at 
the  Church  attended  by  their  different  partizans  who 
were  numerous  and  very  much  inflamed.  Lieutenant 
Hopkins  the  Civil  Commandant  of  the  District,  appre- 
hending that  the  public  peace  was  endangered,  took  upon 
himself  to  Shut  the  Doors  of  the  church  and  deny  en- 
trance to  either  party,  until  the  matter  was  reported  to 
me,  and  my  instructions  received.     This  expedient  pre- 


LETTEK  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       l7l 

served  the  public  peace  and  was  I  learn  very  pleasing  to 
all  parties.  I  have  referred  the  affair  to  the  Revd.  Mr. 
Welsh,  the  Head  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  Louisiana, 
and  addressed  to  Lieutenant  Hopkins  a  Letter  of  which 
the  enclosed  No.  1  is  copy. 

I  have  now  certain  information  that  the  Privateer  I 
mentioned  in  my  last,  took  on  her  passage  two  prizes — 
the  one  an  American,  and  the  other  an  English  Vessel. 
The  first  is  Anchored  at  the  Mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  the 
Second  is  in  the  River  a  little  below  Plaquemines,  it  is 
not  improbable  but  an  attempt  may  be  made  to  Sell  the 
prize  goods  in  this  City. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  Respect  and  Esteem 

(Signed)  AYm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  William  Cooper. 

^.  New  Orleans  29th  Mav  1804 

Sir, 

You  will  permit  the  French  Vessel  called  L'Ugene, 
Captain  Loiseau  to  pass  Fort  Plaquemines.  I  will  thanlv 
you  however  to  visit  the  Vessel,  and  remark  the  number 
of  Guns  and  other  Military  implements  on  Board,  and 
also  the  number  of  men. 

I  wish  this  to  be  done,  in  order  that  on  her  return  She 
may  again  be  examined  by  you,  and  if  she  should  be  found 
to  have  augmented  her  Militarj^  force.  She  may  be  de- 
tained until  you  make  Special  report  to  me,  and  receive 
my  further  instructions 

I  am  Sir  with  Esteem  and  respect 

your  obdt.  Sevt. 
p     .    p  (Signed)  AVm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Commandant  of  Plaquemine 


172  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  William  Cooper. 

New  Orleans  29th  May  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  27th  Instant.  The 
owner  of  the  Brig  two  friends  from  Havana  and  Mr.  Mc- 
Donagh  a  Merchant  of  this  Citj^,  having  each  pledged 
their  honour  to  me  that,  no  person  should  be  landed  from 
said  Vessel  without  my  permission  and  that  She  shall 
be  Anchored  I  league  below  the  City,  and  await  a  visit 
from  the  Physician  of  the  Port.  I  have  consented  to  her 
passing  Plaquemines  with  fifty  eight  Slaves  on  Board. 

Upon  the  Subject  of  Health  I  hope  soon  to  be  enabled 
to  write  you  fully ;  I  shall  call  the  attention  of  the  Muni- 
cipality to  that  important  object,  and  I  expect  some  per- 
manent regulations  will  in  a  few  days  be  prescribed. 

The  French  Privateer  (it  is  said)  has  two  Prizes  in 
the  River,  destined  for  this  City.  Keep  on  this  occasion 
a  good  looh  out,  affect  to  know  nothing,  and  to  care  less 
about  the  business,  but  learn  every  thing,  that  is  going 
on  and  inform  me  particularly. 

With  respect  and  esteem 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Cooper 
Commanding  at  Plaquemines 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  25th  May  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

I  received  by  the  last  Mail  a  Letter  from  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  in  which  my  ordinance  for  the  Es- 
tablishment of  the  Louisiana  Bank  is  greatly  censured. 
My  reply  to  Mr.  Gallatins  Letter  fully  explains  the  mo- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       173 

tives  and  reasons  wliieh  influenced  my  conduct  on  that 
occasion,  and  I  beg  you  Sir  to  ask  Mr.  Gallatin  for  a  per- 
usal of  it. 

The  Louisiana  Bank  will  probably  die  of  itself,  only 
140,000  Dollars  have  been  Subscribed,  and  for  many 
weeks  past  not  a  Single  Share  has  been  taken ;  but  great 
as  the  indifference  with  respect  to  this  institution  has  of 
late  been,  I  am  persuaded  that  a  repeal  of  the  ordinance 
would  excite  much  discontent,  and  that  it  might  lead  to  an 
attempt  on  the  party  of  certain  wealthy  and  dissatisfied 
Men  to  carry  it  (nevertheless)  into  effect.  It  is  impos- 
sible for  Gentlemen  at  a  distance  to  form  an  accurate 
idea  of  the  embarrassments  I  have  been  Subjected  to  in 
this  Territory,  and  the  difficulties  I  have  passed  through. 

To  conciliate  the  Public  Sentiment  I  have  occasionally 
resorted  to  expedients,  which  at  the  Seat  of  Geovernment 
may  appear  improper.  Perhaps  I  was  wrong  in  granting 
a  charter  for  a  Bank,  but  my  motives  were  honest  and 
Patriotic;  the  effect  intended  was  in  fact  produced,  and 
however  I  may  regret  that  any  act  of  mine  should  meet 
the  displeasure  of  the  Executive  my  conscience  will  acquit 
me  of  intentional  error.  Friend  Isaace  Briggs  and 
Robert  "Williams  of  North  Carolina  should  they  have 
reached  the  Seat  of  Government  will  I  am  sure  do  me 
justice  in  the  representations  which  they  may  make  of 
my  public  conduct. 

How  far  General  Wilkinson  will  be  disposed  to  serve 
me  I  am  yet  to  learn.  While  in  this  City  he  was  neither 
my  private  nor  political  friend.  We  nevertheless  main- 
tained a  friendly  intercourse  and  parted  apparently  on 
good  terms.  I  however  must  be  permitted  to  observe  to 
you  (in  confidence)  that  I  never  mil  again  undertake  a 
duty  in  conjunction  with  another  person  possessing  like 
powers  with  myself.  Three  may  accord  but  two  never 
can;  and  in  this  case,  nothing  will  be  done  or  the  Busi- 


174  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOKIAL    AECHIVES. 

ness  will  be  conducted  in  a  way  not  pleasing  to  either,  and 
perhaps  not  Satisfactory  to  the  Government/ 
Accept  my  best  wishes 

Your  Friend 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  Thomas  Jefferson. 

New  Orleans  29th  May  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

Since  my  last  Letter,  I  have  understood  that,  a  half 
Section  of  Vacant  Land,  might  probably  be  located  ad- 
jacent to  this  City,  and  immediately  bordering  on  the 
Canal  of  Carondelet.  This  Land  lies  low,  and  is  often 
covered  with  water,  but  I  learn  it  might  easily  be  re- 
claimed, and  there  can  be  no  question,  but  it  will  soon  be- 
come valuable. 

The  Public  property  in  New  Orleans  is  considerable, 
and  would  command  lucrative  Sales ;  but  I  hope  Congress 
may  deem  it  expedient  to  present  the  City  mth  all  the 
uninproved  Lots  belonging  to  the  United  States.  They 
are  well  calculated  for  Public  Walks,  and  to  appropriate 
them  as  such,  would  not  only  beautify  the  To^vn,  but  con- 
tribute greath^  to  the  Health  and  comfort  of  the  inhabi- 
tants. It  may  also  be  a  matter  of  consideration,  Avhether 
it  may  not  be  adviseable  to  present  to  the  City,  for  the 
Benefit  of  a  Free  School  certain  improved  Lots  belong- 
ing to  the  United  States,  and  perhaps  it  may  be  proper  to 
appropriate  to  the  same  object  Such  Public  Buildings 

*  It  is  well  known  that  the  relations  of  Claiborne  and  Wilkinson  at 
this  time  were  not  harmonious. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        175 

and  Lots  (not  of  immediate  use  to  the  United  States)  as 
may  be  found,  in  the  different  Districts. 

I  am  Sorry  to  inform  you  that  the  Citizens  here  con- 
tinue dissatisfied  on  the  Subject  of  tlie  Slave  trade,  and  I 
find  that  many  natives  of  the  United  States  who  have 
emigrated  hither  and  some  of  the  old  Settlers  are  by  no 
means  pleased  with  the  Government  which  Congress  has 
prescribed  for  them.  The  Governing  of  Distant  Terri- 
tories has  heretofore  been  an  arduous  Task,  and  I  fear 
Louisiana  will  not  form  an  exception.  A  state  of  de- 
pendence naturally  leads  to  discontent,  and  some  will  be 
manifested  here :  as  soon  therefore,  as  the  State  of  So- 
ciety would  permit  the  change,  I  should  like  to  see  the 
Representative  System  in  its  fullest  latitude,  extended  to 
this  Territory:  but  I  shall  always  thinl?:  that  Congress 
acted  wisely  in  not  immediately  conf  ering  on  these  people, 
the  privilege  of  Self  Government.  A  privilege  which  in  a 
few  years  would  most  probably  be  used  with  propriety; 
but  at  this  time  I  doubt  much  whether  it  would  not  prove 
a  misfortune  to  Louisiana.  Some  few  Months  ago  I 
have  heard  certain  Politicians  contend  that  so  far  from  a 
Eepresentative  System,  nothing  but  a  Military  Govern- 
ment would  do  for  the  Louisianians.  To  this  Doctrine  I 
never  could  consent,  nor  did  I  ever  hear  a  good  reason  in 
support  of  such  opinions,  but  these  same  Politicians  be- 
lieving now  that  the  people  would  be  better  pleased  mth 
the  power  of  electing  their  council,  join  in  censuring  the 
act  of  Congress. 

Such  duplicity  or  inconsistency  may  answer  tempor- 
ary purposes,  and  may  possibly  secure  a  momentary 
Share  of  popular  applause,  but  it  is  impossible  that  those 
who  practice  it,  can  in  the  end  be  benefitted.  I  do  not 
know  whether  the  characters  to  compose  the  Legislative 
Council  have  yet  been  Selected,  but  should  a  Selection  not 
have  been  made,  I  pray  the  liberty  to  mention  three  or 
four  Gentlemen,  who  I  am  persuaded  would  discharge 


176  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

with  fidelity  any  confidence  which  may  be  reposed  in 
them.  The  Gentlemen  alluded  to,  are,  Mr.  Jnlien  Poy- 
drass  of  Point  Coupee,  Bellechasse  Deville  Degoutin,  of 
the  first  German  Coast,  Benjamin  Morgan  and  John  Wat- 
kins  of  New  Orleans. 

Mr.  Poydrass  is  a  worthy  man,  of  honest  reputation, 
good  information,  and  understands  tlie  English  language. 
Bellechasse  is  at  present  Colonel  Commandant  of  the 
Militia,  and  is  unquestionably  the  most  popular  Man  in 
Lower  Louisiana.  Mr.  Morgan  is  a  Merchant  of  this 
City  formerly  of  Philadelphia  a  man  of  business  and 
great  integrity,  and  A^^th  respect  to  Doctor  Watkins  I  can 
only  add  that  the  opinion,  I  gave  of  him  in  a  Letter  which 
I  heretofore  had  the  honour  to  address  you,  remains 
unaltered.  I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that,  the 
most  perfect  good  order  prevails  in  this  City,  and  as  far 
as  I  can  learn  throughout  the  Territory. 

The  Louisianians  or  rather  the  Natives  of  Louisiana, 
are  a  pacific  amiable  people  much  attached  to  this  Coun- 
try, and  to  peace  and  good  order :  but  many  adventurers 
who  are  dail}^  coming  into  the  Territory  from  every  quar- 
ter, possess  revolutionary  principles  and  restless,  turbu- 
lent dispositions : —  these  Men  will  for  some  years  give 
trouble  more  or  less  to  the  local  Government,  and  will  un- 
questionably excite  some  partial  discontents,  for  although 
the  Louisianians  are  by  nature  as  amiable  a  people  as  I 
ever  lived  among,  yet  for  the  want  of  general  informa- 
tion they  are  uncommonly  credulous,  and  a  few  design- 
ing intrigueing  men  ma^^  easily  excite  some  inquietude  in 
the  public  mind. 

With  Sentiments  the  most  Respectful,  I  have  the 
Honour  to  Subscribe  myself  your  faithful  friend 

(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C,  Claiborne 
Thomas  Jefferson 
President  of  the  United  States 


LETTEE    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIB0R:S-E.  177 

From  James  Madison  to  Gov.  Claihorne. 

Washington  1st  May  1804 
Department  of  State 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letters  of  15th,  16th,  and  2nd  of 
March.  Letters  lately  received  from  onr  Ministers  at 
Paris  and  Madrid  communicate  the  agreeable  informa- 
tion that  the  King  of  Spain  has  formally  receded  from  his 
objections  to  the  transfer  of  Louisiana  to  the  L^nited 
States. 

The  emoluments  and  allowances  which  you  are  author- 
ized to  charge  to  the  United  States  in  consequence  of  your 
removal  from  the  Mississippi  Territory  are  settled  on  the 
folloA^dng  footing  Viz.  From  the  receipt  of  your  Com- 
missions as  Governor  and  Commissioner  until  the  Coun- 
try was  delivered  on  the  20th  December  last  you  ^\\\\  be 
allowed  your  Salary  as  Governor  of  the  Mississippi  Ter- 
ritory and  your  actual  expences  not  exceeding  the  rate  of 
$400  Per  Month,  and  from  the  period  last  mentioned  at 
the  rate  of  5,000$  Per  Annum  including  your  Salary  as 
Governor  of  the  Mississippi  Territory  and  exclusive  of 
expences  other  than  personal,  such  as  those  of  a  Secre- 
tary, printing,  translating,  expresses  &c  whether  inci- 
dent to  ^''our  Office  of  Governor  or  Commissioner. 

I  have  transmitted  to  you  several  copies  of  the  Law 
for  dividing  Louisiana  into  two  Territories  and  organiz- 
ing therein  new  Governments  after  the  first  of  October 
next.  It  will  be  desirable  in  order  to  enable  Congress  to 
pass  the  appropriations  necessary  for  their  support,  that 
you  should  transmit  to  me  a  detailed  estimate  of  the 
whole  expense  to  be  incurred  in  the  Southern  division  of 
it  according  to  the  Principal  of  the  act  above  refered  to 

On  the  very  important  and  delicate  Subject  of  the 

II — 12 


178  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Bank  you  have  thought  yourself  authorized  to  create,  I 
expect,  to  have  the  directions  of  the  President  to  convey 
his  Sentiments  on  his  return  from  Monticello  where  he 
now  is  and  wdll  remain  Some  days  longer.  Two  dozen  of 
Blank  passports  are  herewith  enclosed. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  Sir  with  very  great  Respect 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)   James  Madison 
Governor  Claiborne  ^ 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  30th  May  1804 
Sir, 

I  was  honoured  on  last  evening  with  the  receipt  of 
your  Letter  of  the  1st  instant.  I  consider  peace  as  the 
greatest  of  National  blessings,  and  there  is  nothing  I 
should  more  lament  than  to  see  my  country  involved  in 
war  with  any  European  Powers;  the  formal  recession 
therefore  of  the  King  of  Spain  from  his  objections  to  the 
Transfer  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States  affords  me 
great  pleasure;  but  I  must  confess  I  should  feel  addi- 
tional Satisfaction,  if  the  limits  of  the  Ceded  Territory 
were  ascertained  and  acknowledged;  I  fear  the  Spanish 
Court,  will  not  readily  admit  that  any  part  of  West 
Florida  is  included  in  the  Treaty  of  Ildefonso;  at  least 
the  Officers  of  Spain  who  are  here,  deny  that,  the  Treaty 
is  capable  of  such  construction  and  I  am  sorry  to  find 
that  many  of  our  Citizens  avow  a  like  sentiment:  it  is 
probable  however,  they  are  influenced  by  interest,  for 
many  are  concerned  in  Morale 's  Speculations,  and  I  give 
it  to  you  as  my  opinion,  that,  there  is  very  little  Land  in 
West  Florida,  but  what  has  been  surveyed  and  is  now 
claimed:  if  therefore  it  should  unfortunately  happen, 
that  a  Second  Negotiation  Should  be  resorted  to,  in  order 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       179 

to  acquire  the  Florida's  the  Government  ought  to  recol- 
lect that  it  can  acquire  little  vacant  Land  unless  Morale's 
unjust  Sales  should  be  formally  disavowed  by  his  Catholic 
Majesty. 

I  cannot  object  to  the  determination  of  the  Executive 
with  respect  to  my  emoluments  and  allowances  but  from 
a  Paragraph  in  your  Letter  of  the  31st  October  (thought 
myself  authorized  to  charge  400  Dollars  Per  Month  for 
my  Services  as  Governor  &c  of  Louisiana,  exclusive  of 
my  Salary  as  Governor  of  the  Mississippi  Territory. — 
The  Paragraph  I  allude  to  is  in  the  f ollomng  words  ' '  no 
particular  provision  is  yet  made  as  compensation  for  the 
new  Service  in  which  you  are  to  be  employed.  The  presi- 
dent authorizes  you  for  the  present  to  draw  on  the  De- 
partment of  War,  at  a  rate  not  exceeding  $400  Per  Month 
to  be  computed  from  the  commencement  of  your  Journey 
to  New  Orleans" 

I  have  made  this  quotation  in  order  to  justify  myself 
for  having  heretofore  charged  (as  you  will  discover  by 
my  accounts  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury) 
for  my  extra  compensation  at  the  rate  of  $400  Per  Month ; 
I  made  the  highest  charge  which  was  allowed  me,  under 
an  impression  that,  it  would  not  be  disagreeable  to  the 
President,  when  I  assured  him  that  it  fell  far  short  of 
my  actual  expenditures.  Perhaps  there  is  not  a  place  on 
the  Continent  of  America  where  a  public  Officer  is  sub- 
jected to  such  heavy  expences  as  New  Orleans,  and  that 
the  Markets  are  exorbitantly  high  every  one  who  has 
visited  this  City  must  know;  the  probability  is,  that  my 
expences  ma^;^  hereafter  be  considerably  curtailed,  but 
on  the  first  change  of  Government  it  was  impossible  to 
avoid  the  receiving  of  many  visits  and  the  entertaining 
many  respectable  Citizens  and  Strangers. 

Perhaps  it  may  be  proper  for  me,  in  this  place  to  ob- 
serve that,  the  Bill  drawn  upon  the  Secretary  of  War,  for 
the  personal  expences  of  the  Commissioners  (the  vouch- 


180  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

ers  for  which  are  carried  oil  by  General  Wilkinson)  was 
with  me  a  matter  of  necessity.  These  expences  it  was  im- 
possible for  me  to  meet,  for  permit  me  to  say  that,  the 
whole  of  my  compensation  was  expended  in  the  purchase 
of  furniture  &c  for  the  Government  House  which  was  oc- 
cupied by  the  Commissioners,  and  for  defraying  some 
necessary  personal  expences. 

I  still  hope  when  the  Government  recollects  the  heavy 
expences  to  which  the  Commissioners  were  unavoidably 
Subjected  that  no  exceptions  may  be  taken  to  their  draft. 
I  repeat  that  as  long  as  my  private  or  public  emoluments 
held  out  I  met  the  private  charges  incident  to  my  Mis- 
sion. My  expences  from  the  Mississippi  Territory  were 
defrayed  by  myself:  all  the  furniture  essential  to  the 
comfortable  accomodation  of  the  Commissioners  (except 
a  few  Articles  such  as  Glass  Wares  and  two  small  Tables 
not  exceeding  in  value  100$)  were  purchased  out  of  my 
private  funds,  and  which  by  use  was  considerably  di- 
minished in  value.  During  my  short  residence  in  this 
City  I  have  expended  715$  more  than  my  compensation, 
and  if  the  draft  of  the  Commissioners  for  their  personal 
expences  should  not  be  approved  of  I  shall  indeed  be  a 
considerable  loser  by  the  Mission;  but  whatever  the  de- 
termination of  the  Government  may  be  I  shall  not  com- 
plain. 

I  will  now  Sir  proceed  to  a  Subject  which  has  of  late 
occasioned  me  some  inquietude,  I  allude  to  my  Ordinance 
creating  the  Louisiana  Bank.  In  a  late  letter  from  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  that  measure  is  greatly  cen- 
sured, and  in  a  manner  which  authorizes  me  to  think  that 
I  am  so  unfortunate  as  to  have  incurred  a  great  share 
of  Mr.  Gallatins  displeasure. 

In  justification  of  my  conduct  on  the  occasion  alluded 
to,  I  beg  leave  to  State  that  I  viewed  a  Bank  as  an  insti- 
tution more  particularly  of  Territorial  concern;  one  too, 
that  was  greatly  desired  by  the  Citizens  and  which  ( Judg- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       181 

ing  for  the  prevalence  of  the  Banking  System  in  the 
United  States)  I  was  of  opinion,  would  be  of  great  pub- 
lic benefit,  I  had  not  the  most  distant  idea,  that  the  Lou- 
isiana Bank  would  in  the  least  degree  prove  injurious  to 
the  fiscal  arrangements  of  the  United  States:-  On  the 
contrary  I  supposed  it  would  Serve  as  an  accomodation 
to  the  Revenue  Department.  The  Acts  of  Congress  which 
conveyed  the  wishes  of  the  Government  with  respect  to 
the  National  Bank  as  respected  Louisiana,!  had  no  knowl- 
edge of  at  the  time  my  ordinance  was  passed,  nor  of  the 
wishes  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  establish  a 
Branch  Bank  in  New  Orleans.  With  respect  to  my  pow- 
ers, I  always  thought,  myself,  that  my  power  to  grant  a 
charter  was  questionable,  but  the  opinions  of  others  here, 
appeared  decided,  and  from  considerations  of  political 
expediency  I  finally  adopted  the  measure.  Upon  the  ex- 
ercise of  cool  reflection  I  cannot  charge  myself  with 
blame;-  my  motives  were  pure  and  the  object  contem- 
plated, was  in  part  effected.  The  ordinance  in  question 
was  not  hastily  adopted ;  it  was  rather  extorted  from  me 
by  imperious  circumstances:  the  pressing  Solicitude  of 
the  Citizens,  and  the  probability  there  was  that  it  would 
tend  to  allay  an  alarming  ferment  which  at  that  time  ex- 
isted in  the  Public  mind.  God  knows  and  I  trust  my  gen- 
eral conduct  will  prove  the  fact  to  my  fellow  men,  that  I 
am  not  arrogant  of  power,  or  desirous  of  extending  my 
authority  beyond  its  legitimate  limits.  The  exercise  of 
the  high  trust  mth  which  the  President  honoured  me  was 
accepted  in  full  expectation  that  my  discretionary  pow- 
ers would  soon  have  ceased ;  I  saw  the  difficulties  which 
were  in  my  way,  and  entered  upon  my  duties  with  a  Sin- 
cere diffidence :  I  knew  that  I  hazarded  much  by  the  un- 
dertaking, for  I  was  well  aware  that  should  any  misfor- 
tune attend  my  administration,  it  might  eventually  ter- 
minate in  the  loss  of  my  political  reputation,  which,  hmn- 
hle  as  it  is,  is  to  me  an  invaluable  Treasure.    Upon  this 


182  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Subject,  I  have  written  fully  to  Mr.  Gallatin  and  to  whom 
I  refer  you.  The  Louisiana  Bank,  will  I  believe  fail  of 
itself,  and  I  think  it  most  expedient  to  permit  it  to  take 
that  course,  I  shall  however  await  the  instructions  of  the 
President.  The  estimates  which  you  require  of  me,  shall 
be  transmitted  by  the  ensuing  Mail. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  Respect  and  esteem 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C,  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty  of  State 


From  Gov.  Folch  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

(Translation) 
Sir, 

In  the  Monitor  No  396  &  397,  published  in  your  Capi- 
tal the  12th  &  14th  of  the  last  month,  I  see  translated  into 
French,  the  acts  which  fixes  the  impositions  and  collec- 
tions of  duties,  on  goods  to  be  imported  into  the  Ports  of 
the  United  States,  and  having  observed  with  much  as- 
tonishment that,  the  Port  of  Mobile  is  comprehended  in 
them  and  that  the  Territories  now  composing  West  Flor- 
ida, the  care  of  which  his  Majesty  has  been  pleased  to 
trust  to  me,  are  also  included  as  possessions  of  the  Said 
States,  I  would  be  guilty  of  a  great  neglect  of  duty,  if  I 
should  remain  a  quiet  Spectator  of  so  manifest  usurpa- 
tions on  the  indubitable  right  of  Sovereignty  which  his 
Majesty  has  over  said  Florida.  Such  a  resolution  can- 
not be  attributed  to  error;  for  this  has  always  some 
cause,  which  in  the  present  case  does  not  exist  for  the 
reasons  hereafter  exposed. 

The  United  States  pretend  that  the  limits  of  their 
purchase  extend  to  the  East  as  far  as  the  River  Perdido, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       183 

because  in  ancient  times  that  was  the  Boundary  of  the 
Government  of  Louisiana  on  that  side;  but  as  France 
Ceded  it  to  Great  Britain  by  the  Treaty  of  Peace  of  1763 
all  the  Space  of  Land  comprehended  between  the  Mouth 
of  Iberville  River  and  River  Perdido ;  which  extent  was 
conquered  by  the  Arms  of  his  Majesty  during  the  War  of 
1779  it  results  that  the  United  States  have  less  right  to 
claim  that  Territory  than  his  Majesty  had,  when  he  re- 
ceived Louisiana  from  France,  to  demand  all  the  Space  of 
Land  comprehended  between  Pittsburg,  anciently  called 
Fort  Du  Quesne,  and  the  confluence  of  the  Ohio  with  the 
Mississippi,  Ceded  in  the  above  mentioned  Treaty  by 
France  to  England  to  which  then  belonged  the  Colonies, 
now  called  the  United  States,  and  I  say  the  United  States 
have  less  right  to  claim  this  Province,  because  your  Ex- 
cellency that  the  right  of  Conquest  is  much  preferable 
to  the  right  of  Cession. 

The  Case  is  perfectly  the  same  at  present ;  and  if  the 
United  States  think  that  their  limits  extend  as  far  as  the 
River  Perdido,  for  the  reasons  they  alledge,  they  are 
opening  a  field  for  his  Majesty  to  make  use  of  the  right 
which  he  did  not  claim  to  the  above  mentioned  Terri- 
toris,  when  he  took  possession  of  Louisiana,  because  he 
did  not  then  consider  it  as  lawful ;  nor  would  he  yet  con- 
sider it  so  at  present  were  it  not  for  the  resemblance 
which  presents  the  pretensions  now  expressed  by  the 
L'^nited  States. 

Imitating  the  same  mode  of  Argument  which  the 
United  States  make  use  of  to  obtain  what  accomodated 
them,  that  is  to  say,  to  demand  the  Province  of  Louisi- 
ana such  as  it  has  been,  and  not  such  as  it  might  be  proved 
to  them,  that.  Ponce  De  Leon  who  was  the  first  European 
who  landed  on  the  Coast  of  Florida  in  the  year  —  took 
possession  of  it  in  the  name  of  his  Majesty,  according 
to  the  custom  of  those  discoverers.    It  is  likemse  kno^\Ti 


184  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOEIAL    ARCHIVES. 

that  in  the  year  Subsequent  to  that  date,  it  was  under- 
stood that  Florida  comprehended  all  the  Space  between 
the  Gulph  of  Mexico  and  the  Northern  extremity  of  the 
Territory  now  occupied  b^^  the  United  States :-  therefore 
if  provinces  can  be  claimed  for  what  they  have  been, 
Spain  shall  have  to  give  up  "West  Florida,  but  for  the 
same  reason  the  United  States  will  deliver  to  Spain  Geor- 
gia, South  &  North  Carolina  «&c  I  now  ask  your  Excel- 
lency what  name  would  the  United  States  give  to  such  a 
pretension,  on  the  part  of  Spain :  Whatever  it  might  be, 
it  is  the  same  that  suits,  in  my  opinion,  the  present  claim 
of  the  United  States. 

Your  Excellency  will  recollect  that  by  the  Treaties 
of  St.  Ildefonso  dated  1st.  October  1800  and  of  Madrid 
dated  the  21st  March  1801,  the  Court  of  Spain  receded  to 
the  French  Government  the  Province  of  Louisiana,  and 
as  the  word  recede  has  a  determined  Signification  which 
your  Excellency  knows  as  well  as  I  do,  you  will  also  know 
that,  in  the  recession  of  Louisiana  to  France  could  not 
be  included  West  Florida,  which  his  Majesty  conquered 
many  years  after  he  was  in  possession  of  Louisiana,  un- 
less so  stipulated  by  an  Express  clause :  this  clause  does 
not  exist ;  therefore,  there  can  be  no  ground  for  the  pre- 
tension of  the  United  States.  In  virtue  of  what  is  above 
expressed,  and  of  what  my  duty  prescribes  to  me  -  I  do 
protest  in  a  formal  and  solemn  manner  against  the  Act 
of  Congress  above  mentioned,  declaring  to  your  Excel- 
lency, and  by  your  Agency  to  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  that,  I  am  obliged  and  am  resolved  to  op- 
pose, by  force,  if  necessary,  any  act  of  Authority  which 
the  United  States  or  any  individual  in  their  name  should 
pretend  to  exercise  within  his  Majesty's  Territory,  and 
not  to  suffer  any  offence  against  the  dignity  of  his  Sov- 
ereignty; he  being  answerable  for  the  consequence  who 
shall  be  precipitate  Steps  or  ill  grounded  pretensions, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       185 

disturb  or  alter  the  harmony  and  good  understanding 
now  existing  between  our  respective  Nations. 

May  God  grant  your  Excellency  a  long  life. 

(Signed)  Vincente  Folch 

Pensacola  1st  May  1804 
His  Excellency  Governor  Claiborne 
I  certify  the  above  to  be  a  true  and  faithful  translation. 
(Signed)       P.  Derbigny  Interpreter  to  Government. 


To  Gov  Folch 

New  Orleans  June  2nd  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  receive  your  communication  of 
the  1st  Ultimo,  announcing  your  objections  against  the 
late  act  of  Congress  which,  among  other  provisions  ex- 
tends (you  inform  me)  the  Revenue  Laws  of  the  United 
States  to  that  part  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana,  the 
Sovereignty  of  which,  notwithstanding  the  Treaties  of 
St.  Ildefonso  and  of  Madrid,  you  Suppose  still  appertains 
to  the  Spanish  Cro^\m  under  the  denomination  of  West 
Florida. 

To  the  difficulties  you  have  raised  and  the  reasonings 
you  have  advanced  on  this  Subject,  I  have  paid  every  at- 
tention; the  Source  from  which  they  flow  demands  my 
highest  respect ;  but  excuse  me  in  adding  that  they  have 
failed  to  excite  in  my  mind  either  any  doubt  as  to  the 
rights  of  the  United  States  contemplated  by  the  Act  al- 
luded to,  or  to  justify  in  the  Smallest  degree  the  heavy 
charge  of  usurpation  which  you  have  alleged  against  the 
Proceedings  of  Congress.  But  it  does  not  fall  within  my 
duties  to  enter  into  any  Diplomatic  Discussion  with  your 
Excellency.  That  the  right  of  conquest  is  preferable  to 
that  of  Cession  is  a  Doctrine  to  which  I  can  never  sub- 
scribe; but  one  which  I  at  present  do  not  feel  myself  at 


186  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

liberty  to  combat:  this  and  the  several  other  questions 
which  you  have  proposed  more  properly  belong  to  our 
Governments  to  Settle,  or  those  who  may  be  Specially 
appointed  to  rejDresent  them  respectively  for  that  pur- 
pose. In  Louisiana  I  have  the  Honour  to  be  only  an  Ex- 
ecutive agent;  and  am  charged  with  no  other  power  than 
that  of  carrying  into  execution  the  LaAvs  of  my  Country, 
and  the  instructions  of  my  Government.  I  regret  that 
your  Letter  gives  me  occasion  further  to  observe  that 
the  tone  of  Menace  which  you  have  assumed,  does  not  ap- 
pear to  me  to  be  justified  by  the  present  aspect  of  aifairs 
in  this  Country,  nor  consistent  with  the  harmony  and 
good  understanding  now  happily  subsisting  between  our 
respective  Nations. 

Accept   assurances   of  my  great   Respect   and  high 
consideration. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

His  Excellency 
Governor  Folch  of  Pensacola 


New  Orleans  2nd  June  1804 
Sir, 

I  received  on  last  evening  a  Letter  from  Governor 
Folch  of  Pensacola,  of  which  the  enclosed  No.  1  is  a  trans- 
lation, and  returned  on  this  morning  an  answer  of  which 
the  enclosed  No.  2  is  a  copy.  Iwas  much  disposed  to  have 
answered  Governor  Folch 's  Letter  with  some  asperity, 
but  thinking  that  a  conciliatory  Style  would  be  more 
agreeable  to  the  Executive,  I  avoided  every  thing  that 
might  tend  to  irritate. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  Respect 
Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 

Secty  of  State  '^ 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  187 

To  Thomas  Jefferson. 

New  Orleans  3rd  June  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

By  a  late  Mail,  I  received  from  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  a  letter  concerning  the  Bank  proposed  to  be  es- 
tablished in  this  Territory; —  and  find  with  sincere  con- 
cern, that  he  is  much  dissatisfied  with  the  measure.  He 
questions  the  authority  by  which  the  Scheme  was  Sanc- 
tioned; expresses  apprehensions  that  it  may  defeat  a 
project  in  contemplation  of  establishing  a  Branch  of  the 
United  States  Bank  in  this  City,  and  Suggests  the  pro- 
priety of  my  immediately  recalling  the  Charter  of  the 
Louisiana  Bank  or  in  some  way  arresting  its  further 
progress. 

To  that  Letter,  I  have  already  written  an  order  of 
some  length;  but  I  trust  you  will  pardon  the  Liberty  I 
take  in  Offering  to  you  a  few  lines  on  a  Subject  seemingly 
of  so  much  importance,  and  one  in  which  I  have  unex- 
pectedly found  my  political  reputation  so  deeply  involv- 
ed. With  respect  to  the  Legislative  powers  with  which  I 
was  invested,  I  thought  them  as  comprehensive  as  those 
of  the  Governor  and  Intendant  who  had  acted  under  the 
Spanish  Government;  but  at  the  same  time  understood 
these  powers  to  have  been  entrusted  to  me  in  full  confi- 
dence, that  they  would  never  be  exerted  to  their  fullest 
extent  unless  under  the  pressure  of  a  strong  political 
necessity.  When  the  Bank  Ordinance  was  passed,  that 
necessity  appeared  to  me  to  exist  in  its  fullest  force.  The 
people  here  elated  to  enthusiasm  in  expectation  of  rights 
and  privileges  and  powers,  thought  Congress  unreason- 
ably slow  in  providing  for  their  Government,  and  greatly 
unmindful  of  their  interests  in  permitting  the  Trade  of 
New  Orleans  to  languish  for  want  of  a  Revenue  System : 
The  proposed  Abolition  of  the  Slave  Trade  had  also  ex- 
cited the  apprehension  of  the  Farmers;  in  Short  every 


188  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

thing  at  that  period  wore  an  aspect  of  disaffection  which 
if  confirmed,  might  not  easily  have  been  diverted.  The 
attachment  of  the  Citizens  to  the  Government  I  thought 
an  object  of  primary  importance,  and  that  it  became  my 
duty  to  do  every  thing  in  my  power  to  effect  it. 

The  Moment  was  critical,  and  I  felicitated  myself  in 
the  opportunity  which  the  Merchants  afforded  me,  of  de- 
taching them  from  the  discontented  party.  With  respect 
to  the  advantages  arising  to  the  Commonwealth  from 
such  institutions,  I  do  not  presume  to  decide;  but  the 
Merchants  whose  interests  are  almost  exclusively  involv- 
ed in  them;  have  in  this  instance  and  on  that  point  re- 
lived me  from  all  responsiblity.  When  I  passed  the  or- 
dinance it  never  occurred  to  me,  that  any  but  the  Terri- 
torial Interests  were  involved  in  it,  nor  am  I  yet  Sensi- 
ble how  those  of  the  United  States  can  be  effected  by  the 
proposed  establishment. 

It  seemed  to  me  that  the  Merchants  of  New  Orleans 
might  with  propriety  claim  a  benefit  (a  Bank)  which  did 
not  appear  to  be  denied  to  any  one  commercial  City  on 
the  Atlantic  Coast.  With  respect  to  my  powers  I  must 
confess,  I  thought  them  somewhat  doubtful  but  the  best 
informed  people  here,  thought  them  commensurate  to  the 
object.  It  Avas  represented  to  me,  that  the  Trade  of  the 
Colony  (excepting  as  to  revenue)  has  occasionally  been 
considered  as  an  object  of  provincial  regulation,  and  that 
the  Spanish  Governors  had  often  granted  commercial 
monopolies  particularly  in  the  Indian  Trade.  It  was  fur- 
ther confidently  stated  to  me,  that  Don  Andre  De  Ar- 
mesto  (late  Secretary  to  Louisiana  under  the  Spanish 
Government  had  given  an  opinion  that,  the  powers  of  the 
Governor  to  erect  ^  Bank,  if  he  thought  the  establishment 
expedient,  was  indiputable.  Viewing  therefore  the 
question  as  to  power,  at  least  doubtful,  I  >delded  to  con- 
siderations of  political  expediency. 

There  is  one  of  Mr.  Gallatins  objections  to  the  Louis- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       189 

iana  Bank,  which  time  will  remove,  I  mean  his  fear  that 
it  may  prove  destructive  to  the  Branch  Bank  of  the 
United  States;  for,  it  is  the  general  opinion  (and  which  I 
believe  to  be  correct)  that  were  the  Louisiana  Bank  in 
full  vigour,  a  Branch  Bank  might  also  be  established, 
which  would  completely  answer  the  object,  and  fulfill  the 
expectations  of  those  who  sent  it. 

As  to  a  repeal  of  the  incorporation  of  the  Louisiana 
Bank,  I  fear  it  might  involve  some  questions  of  difficulty 
and  create  some  partial  discontents  here.  Perhaps  it  is 
fortunate  (if  its  suppression  is  deemed  adviseable)  that 
the  Scheme  is  likely  to  fall  by  its  own  w^eakness.  The  in- 
stitution has  for  some  time  lingered,  on  Scarcely  a  moity 
of  its  incipient  Capital,  and  the  opinion  of  the  Secretary 
(which  is  knoA\m)  as  to  its  legal  existence  will  I  believe 
prove  fatal  to  it.  I  conceived  it  a  duty  due  to  my  char- 
acter and  feelings  to  give  you  this  Summary  of  the  facts 
and  reasonings  which  induced  and  \^dll  go  I  trust,  to 
justify  my  conduct  on  this  occasion; —  but  should  I  not 
succeed  in  conveying  to  your  mind  a  conviction  in  my 
favour,  I  shall  consider  the  establishment  of  the  Louis- 
iana Bank  as  the  most  unfortunate  act  of  my  political 
life.  But  this  consoling  reflection  mil  remain  to  me,  that 
if  I  have  committed  an  error,  it  was  one,  into  which  I  was 
betrayed  by  an  honest  zeal  for  the  Service  of  my  Coun- 
try. If  I  have  exceeded  the  bounds  of  my  Authority,  it 
was  not  to  gratify  any  little  vanity,  or  idle  thirst  for 
power :  If  I  have  acted  contrary  to  the  ^^^shes  or  inten- 
tions of  my  Government,  it  is  because  I  knew  them  not : 
if  I  have  thwarted  any  favorite  fiscal  arrangement  I  sin- 
cerely regret  it: —  But  I  cannot  be  justly  censured  for 
opposing  what  I  never  had  an  intimation  of. 

In  Sanctioning  the  Establishment  of  the  Lousiana 
Bank,  my  God  knows,  that  I  had  no  private  views  to  pro- 
mote, no  personal  friends  to  gratify.  As  far  as  I  am  con- 
cerned to  an  unaccusing  conscience  I  can  appeal,  and 


190  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOKIAL    ARCHIVES. 

assert,  that  the  measure  flowed  from  as  pure  motives  of 
innocent  and  honest  Patriotism  as  ever  guided  a  public 
Functionary. 

I  pray  you  to  pardon  the  Liberty  I  have  taken  in  ad- 
dressing you  this  Letter,  and  permit  me  to  subscribe  my- 
self 

With  Sentiments  the  most  respectful 

Your  faithful  Friend 
(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Thomas  Jefferson 
President  of  the  United  States 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  3  June  1804 
Sir, 

On  yesterday  James  Pitot,  and  Edward  Livingston 
attended  at  my  office  and  handed  me  the  communication 
which  is  herein  enclosed.  After  persuing  the  same,  I  re- 
plied verbally,  that  "the  People  had  a  right  peaceably 
to  assemble  together  for  the  purpose  of  remonstrating 
against  grievances;  but  it  became  those  who  produced 
such  assemblages  to  be  Watchful  of  the  public  peace,  and 
to  prevent  tumult  and  disorders : —  that  a  few  months  ago 
public  meetings  would  not  have  been  pleasing  to  me,  be- 
cause there  were  then  many  persons  in  Louisiana,  not  in- 
terested in  its  permanent  welfare,  who  might  labour  to 
give  an  improper  direction  to  the  public  deliberations; 
but  at  this  time  we  were  less  liable  to  the  intrigues  of 
designing  Men  and  can  mth  more  certainty  designate 
those  who  have  an  an  interest  in,  and  an  attachment  to 
our  Country. "  Upon  the  Subject  of  this  act  of  Congress, 
I  observed,  that,  on  investigation,  its  principles  would,  in 
my  opinion,  be  found  well  adapted  to  the  local  situation, 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  191 

and  interests  of  Louisiana ;  but  if  there  were  any  particu- 
lar provisions  wliicli  were  disagreeable  to  the  people  or 
in  their  opinion,  would  prove  injurious  to  Louisiana,  a 
respectful  memorial  to  Congress,  was  the  only  mode  of 
obtaining  redress,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt,  but  such 
memorial  would  have  due  weight. ' ' 

The  particular  object  of  the  Characters  who  I  learn 
were  most  active,  at  the  late  Meeting,^  I  do  not  know; 
but  I  am  inclinde  to  think  that,  under  the  Treaty,  they 
suppose  Louisiana  is  entitled  to  inniiediate  admission  into 
the  Union  as  a  matter  of  right,  and  the  fulfilment  of  the 
Treaty  in  this  particular  will  be  the  primary  request 
which  is  to  be  made  of  Congress. 

Mr.  Daniel  Clark,  Mr.  Edward  Livingston,  Mr.  Evan 
Jones,  Mr.  Bore  late  Mayor  of  New  Orleans  and  about 
twenty  other  inhabitants  of  the  City  and  its  Vicinity 
composed  the  meeting  spoken  of;  but  I  understand  the 
Gentlemen  I  have  named  were  the  most  active  agents. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  esteem  and  respect  Sir 

Your  most  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


Extract  of  a  Letter  to  the  Honourable  James  ^fadi- 
son.  Secretary  of  State,  dated  New  Orleans  3rd  June 
1804."— 

"I  have  good  reason  to  think  that  intrigues  the  most 
ungenerous  have  been  practised,  and  representations  the 
most  uncandid  have  been  made  against  me.     My  Talents 

^A  meeting  of  merchants  and  planters  was  held  June  1  to  petition 
Congress  to  repeal  the  provision  of  the  act  of  March  26  dividing  the 
Territory,  restoring  the  importation  of  slaves  and  regarding  the  imme- 
diate admission  of  Louisiana  into  the  Union. 


192  MISSISSIPPI    TEKRITOEIAL    ARCHIVES. 

have  been  questioned  because  I  would  not  be  influenced  by 
the  Councils  of  Men  in  whose  judgments  or  integrity  I 
placed  no  confidence,  and  my  firmness  doubted,  because 
I  would  not  act  the  Tyrant. 

It  is  very  probable  that  I  have  connnitted  many  errors 
for  I  was  always  distrustful  of  my  abilities  to  execute 
with  propriety  the  high  Offices  confered  upon  me.  My 
duties  have  been  various  and  arduous,  and  although  I 
may  not  have  discharged  them  in  a  manner  altogether 
pleasing  to  the  Executive,  yet  I  am  persuaded  my  con- 
duct would  have  been  infinitely  more  exceptionable,  had  I 
pursued  the  policy  which  two  or  three  characters  here  so 
strongly  recommend.  It  was  often  predicted  by  these 
Men,  that,  my  want  of  energy,  (as  they  termed  it)  would 
throw  Louisiana  into  a  State  of  insurrection,  and  in  the 
course  of  the  first  two  or  three  months  after  my  arrival, 
I  was  repeatedly  told  that,  nothing  but  force  would  insure 
the  Public  tranquility.  Close  imprisonment  and  even 
banishment  was  seriously  ad^dsed  as  a  just  punishment 
for  those  who  manifested  discontent  at  the  change  of 
Government:  but  I  never  saw,  myself,  a  necessity  for 
arbitrary  measures,  and  it  will  remain  a  permanent  con- 
solation to  me  that  during  Six  Months  of  my  administra- 
tion in  Louisiana,  and  amidst  many  difficulties  not  a  Sin- 
gle indi\ddual  has  experienced  the  Severity  of  the  Law. 
This  clemency  or  rather  conciliatory  justice,  men  who  are 
Tyrants  in  principle  have  called  a  want  of  energy; —  but 
experience  have  proved  that  it  was  a  A^dse  policy,  for  the 
effects  have  been  a  continuance  of  good  order,  and  an  in- 
crease of  union  in  the  public  Sentiment. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  193 

To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  5th  June  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  had  the  Honour  to  receive  your  Letter  of  the 
23rd  Ultimo  relating  to  the  claims  of  Don  Joseph  Orne 
against  Madame  Castillon,  and  the  final  decision  thereon 
by  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  at  the  Havana.  By 
virtue  of  the  Authority  in  me  vested  by  my  Government, 
it  is  not  in  my  power  to  carry  into  Execution  the  judg- 
ment of  any  foreign  Court  of  Judicature  without  an  Ex- 
amination into  the  merits  of  the  case :  permit  me  there- 
fore, to  reconnnend  to  your  Excellency  that  the  claim  in 
question,  be  brought  before  my  Court,  by  the  usual  mode 
of  petition,  and  then,  on  the  Trial  of  the  cause,  the  judg- 
ment of  the  Court  of  the  Havana  may  be  given  in  evidence 
to  prove  the  Debt. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be,  with  great  esteem  and  respect 

Your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


i;  To  Antoine  St.  Amand. 

New  Orleans  6th  June  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  mth  much  pleasure  your  Letter  of  the 
24th  Ultimo  and  request  you  to  accept  my  acknowledge- 
ments for  the  full  and  Satisfactory  account  contained 
therein,  in  answer  to  my  circular  letter  of  the  28th  of 
March  last. 

I  shall  take  the  earliest  opportunity  that  the  multi- 

11—13 


194  MISSISSIPPI    TEREITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

plicity  of  my  occupations  will  allow  to  reply  to  your  com- 
munications in  a  more  particular  manner,  and  in  the  mean 
time  beg  you  to  accept  the  assurances  of  my  high  respect 
and  consideration. 

(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  St.  Amand 
Commandant  of  the  1st  German  Coast 


New  Orleans  6th  June  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
Letter  of  the  4th  instant,  containing  the  result  of  your 
deliberations  upon  three  subjects  very  important  to  the 
interests  and  happiness  of  our  common  Country,  in  each 
of  which  you  may  be  assured  of  my  prompt  Co-operation. 

For  the  better  guarding  our  City  against  Disease  and 
with  the  view  to  a  more  strict  police  upon  every  thing  re- 
lating to  that  object  either  from  foreign  or  domestic 
causes,  I  highly  approve  the  Plan  proposed  by  you  for  ap- 
pointing a  Board  of  Health.  This  Board  should  in  my 
opinion  consist  of  five  persons,  two  of  whom  should  be 
Physicians.  I  contemplate  therefore,  appointing  as  two 
of  this  Board  Doctor  Dowe  and  the  Physician  of  the  Port 
and  request  the  favour  of  you  to  recommend  to  me  three 
other  persons  whom  in  your  opinion  are  qualified  to  dis- 
charge this  important  and  humane  duty.  I  take  the 
liberty  to  Suggest  the  propriety  of  recommending  such 
Citizens  as  can  speak  both  English  and  French. 

Your  observations  relative  to  Slaves  imported  into 
the  Country  and  those  improperly  taken  out  of  it  by  Cap- 
tains of  Vessels  shall  be  attended  to,  and  the  necessary 
instructions  given  as  Speedily  as  possible,  and  I  beg  you 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  195 

to  be  assured  that  if  any  delay  should  apparently  attend 
the  consideration  or  execution  of  measures  which  you 
may  suggest  for  the  Public  Good  that  it  proceeds  not 
from  a  neglect  of  duty  but  from  the  multiplicity  of  my 
public  occupations. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  respectful  consideration 

Your  obedient  Servant 
(Signed)   Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Mayor  &c 


An  Ordinance 


Enlarging  the  Monthly  Sessions  of  the  Court  of  pleas 
for  the  City  of  New  Orleans 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne,  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory,  exercising  the  powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

Whereas  it  hath  been  represented  by  the  Court  of 
pleas  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  that,  the  present  Term 
of  the  Monthly  Sessions  of  said  Court  is  insufficient  for 
the  due  dispatch  of  the  Business  thereof.  It  is  ordained 
that  the  said  Court  may  sit  for  a  Term  not  exceeding  Six 
days  in  each  and  every  month  from  the  date  hereof. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  administra- 
tion, at  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  the  Sixth  day  of  June 
and  in  the  28th  year  of  the  Independence  of  the  United 
States. 

[S.  L.]  (Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

By  the  Governor 
Joseph  Briggs  P.  Secty.  Pro  tem. 


196  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  7th  June  1804 
Sir, 

On  my  arrival  in  Louisiana  I  was  frequently  applied 
to  by  different  persons  for  permissison  to  trade  with  cer- 
tain Indian  Tribes  West  of  the  Mississippi  and  within 
the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

With  a  view  of  conciliating  the  affections  of  the  In- 
dians by  preventing  unjust  and  unprincipled  Men  from 
participating  in  their  trade,  I  gave  instructions  to  the 
Commandants  of  Frontier  Posts  to  recognize  no  one  as 
an  Indian  Trader,  unless  such  person  had  previously  ob- 
tained from  a  former  Governor  of  Louisiana  a  License  in 
writing  for  a  period  not  yet  expired,  and  shall  exhibit  the 
same  to  him  the  Commandant,  or  unless  he  shall  produce 
a  like  license  from  myself. 

Since  issuing  these  instructions  I  have  licensed  three 
individuals  who  came  well  recommended  to  me,  and  whose 
privilege  is  to  continue  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Gov- 
ernor for  the  time  being  or  the  existence  of  the  present 
temporary  Government.  I  have  lately  received  a  Peti- 
tion upon  this  Subject,  by  which  it  would  seem  that  a 
privilege  to  trade  with  the  Indians,  is  considered  as  a 
Species  of  private  property  secured  to  the  Petitioners 
under  Treaty. 

I  now  enclose  you  this  Petition  without  making  any 
comment  thereon; —  the  inconveniences  which  would  at- 
tend the  Doctrine  that  a  monopoly  in  trade,  or  an  office 
purchased  under  the  former  Government  must  be  recog- 
nized by  the  United  States  will  readily  present  themselves 
to  you  reflections,  and  in  this  particular  case  the  claims 
of  the  Petitioner  if  admitted,  might  be  at  variance  with 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  197 

that  unlimited  controul  over  the  Indian  intercourse,  which 
by  the  Constitution  is  vested  in  Congress. 
I  have  the  Honour  to  be  very  Respectfully 

your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  9th  June  1804 
Sir, 

Captain  Turner  the  Commandant  at  Natchitoches,  in 
a  Letter  to  me  dated  the  27th  Ultimo  says — ' '  Every  thing 
is  at  present  trancjuil,  and  the  people  appear  Satisfied 
with  their  condition"  He  adds  "I  learn  that  the  Span- 
iards are  strengthening  the  Garrison  at  Nacogdoches; 
that  all  persons  from  Louisiana  are  prohibited  Settling 
on  this  side  of  St.  Antonio,  and  no  repairs  or  augmenta- 
tion of  Buildings  are  to  take  place  until  further  orders.'' 
From  every  information  I  can  collect  I  am  persuaded  that 
the  Spaniards  are  very  jealous  of  our  claims  to  the  West- 
ward, and  I  am  inclined  to  the  opinion,  that  East  and 
West  Florida  might  both  be  acquired,^  provided  the 
United  States  would  consent  that  the  River  Sabine  should 
limit  Louisiana  Westwardly;  but  on  this  Subject  I  can 
only  form  conjectures,  and  I  presume  by  this  time  you 
must  be  accurately  informed. 

Amidst  all  my  duties  here,  the  most  embarrassing  are 
those  which  I  have  to  discharge  in  my  judicial  Character. 
I  avoided  taking  any  Cognizance  of  Civil  Suits  as  long 
as  I  could;  but  being  pressed  by  the  Citizens  and  finding 
their  Interests  so  immediately  involved,  I  was  at  length 
compelled  to  hold  regular  Courts,  and  I  can  assure  you 


198  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

my  Docket  is  becoming  very  much  crowded.  The  Com- 
merce of  the  City  is  so  extensive,  and  the  old  claims  so 
numerous  that  many  and  complicated  cases  frequently 
occur.  Having  but  a  very  imperfect  knowledge  of  the 
French  language,  and  understanding  nothing  of  the  Span- 
ish: being  still  inaccurately  informed  of  the  Spanish 
Laws,  and  having  for  some  j^ears  been  unaccustomed  to 
law  proceedings,  it  is  certainly  true,  that  I  am  often  em- 
barrassed, but  I  iDroceed  with  all  the  industry  and  pa- 
tience which  I  can  possible  exercise,  and  I  believe,  I  have 
thus  far  given  general  Satisfaction.  In  all  criminal 
cases  of  a  Capital  Nature  I  have  avoided  the  taking  any 
kind  of  Cognizance :  these  must  be  referred  to  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  Orleans  Territory.  In  some  few  petit 
offences  I  have  directed  the  Trial  and  aw^arded  judg- 
ment. 

I  have  heard  Mr.  Duponceau  of  Philadelphia  men- 
tioned here  as  the  person  who  will  probably  be  appointed 
Justice  of  the  Orleans  Territory,  if  this  report  should 
prove  true,  I  believe  it  will  be  very  Satisfactory.  Mr. 
Duponceau 's  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  French  lan- 
guage will  strongl}"  recommend  him  to  the  Citizens  and 
will  be  a  great  convenience  to  him  in  the  discharge  of  his 
Official  duties.  AVe  liave  also  a  report  here  that  Mr. 
Munroe  will  probably  be  the  permanent  Governor  of  the 
Orleans  Territory.  Permit  me  to  say  to  you,  with  per- 
fect candour  that,  no  one  will  more  cordially  approbate 
that  appointment  than  myself.  Mr.  Munroe 's  services 
eminently  entitle  him  to  the  public  confidence  and  his 
experience  and  talents  particularly  qualify  him  for  that 
important  Office.  I  further  believe  that  an  appointment 
more  pleasing  to  the  Louisianians  could  not  be  made.^ 

At  present  Sir,  the  most  perfect  good  order  prevails, 
and  it  will  be  my  greatest  and  first  care  to  preserve  the 

^  This  generous  attitude  shows  character  of  high  quality. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  199 

present  happy  tranquility  during  tlie  existence  of  the 
temporary  Government. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 

Your  most  Obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  AVm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty  of  State  * 


To  Henry  Dearborn 

New  Orleans  9th  June  1804 
Sir, 

Colonel  Freeman  arrived  here  a  few  da^^s  ago;  he 
found  the  Arnty  in  a  good  State  of  Discipline  and  I  can 
with  truth  Say,  that  not  a  single  complaint  for  several 
months  past,  has  been  made  to  me  by  the  Citizens  against 
the  Military.  I  have  no  doubt,  but  this  good  order  mil 
continue  under  Colonel  Freemans  Commands;-  he  is  I 
believe  an  experienced  Officer,  and  his  knowledge  of  the 
French  language,  and  his  religion,  (being  a  Catholic) 
will  render  him  particularly  pleasing  to  the  Louisianians. 
Colonel  Freeman  is  an  old  acquaintance  of  mine,  and 
while  we  remain  at  the  same  Post,  there  is  no  doubt  but 
a  friendly  understanding  will  exist  between  us.^ 

I  have  only  to  regret  that  the  pay  and  emoluments  at- 
tached to  a  Colonel  in  our  Army  will  scarcely  be  Sufficient 
to  Support  Colonel  Freeman  in  this  expensive  Cit^^;  I 
have  however,  put  the  Colonel  in  possession  of  a  Public 
Building,  and  the  charge  of  house  rent  being  saved,  per- 
haps with  Economy  he  may  be  enabled  to  live  on  his  pay. 

I  appointed  two  Majors  to  the  Battalion  of  Free  peo- 
ple of  Colour,  and  deemed  it  advisable  to  select  Gentle- 

^  This  friendly  feeling  between   the  civil  and  military  authorities 
was  of  short  duration. 


200  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

men  in  whom  I  could  place  entire  Confidence.  Mr.  For- 
tier  a  native  of  Louisiana  a  Merchant  in  this  City,  and  a 
man  of  great  respectability,  I  appointed  the  Senior  Ma- 
jor, and  Mr.  Lewis  Kerr,  who  lived  sometime  in  the  Mis- 
sissippi Territory,  and  came  to  this  City  a  member  of 
my  family  (the  Junior  Major.)  The  Battalion  was  de- 
sirous of  being  commanded  by  people  of  their  own  Col- 
our, and  some  dissatisfaction  prevailed,  but  on  yester- 
day the  Company  Officers  and  several  of  the  most  influ- 
ential men  among  them,  paid  me  a  visit,  we  had  a  long 
conference  relative  to  the  Battalion,  and  I  have  the  pleas- 
ure to  inform  you  that  the  Majors  I  had  apointed  were 
cordially  acknowledged,  and  every  appearance  of  discon- 
tent removed. 

The  objections  were  made  particularly  to  Major  For- 
tier.  Major  Kerr  I  understand  is  a  great  favorite  with 
the  Battalion. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  Sir  very  EespectfuUy 
Your  most  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
Henry  Dearborn 
Secty.  of  War 


To  Edmund  Merrilon 

New  Orleans  9th  June  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  24th  Ultimo  has  been  duly  re- 
ceived, and  I  beg  you  to  accept  my  acknowledgments  for 
your  exertions  in  the  preservation  of  order  in  your  Dis- 
trict. The  facts  Stated  in  that  Letter  as  complaints 
brought  against  the  Alcades  of  the  Avoyelles  by  some  of 
the  Inhabitants,  not  appearing  to  me  sufficiently  impor- 
tant to  require  their  removal  I  beg  you  to  encourage 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       201 

their   perserverance  in  the   discharge   of   their  duties. 
State  to  them  the  necessity  of  punctuality  and  the  most 
prompt  and  impartial  execution  of  justice.     You  have 
done  right  in  taking  off  the  contribution  on  Spirituous 
Liquors,  and  you  are  requested  to  permit  no  Tax  of  that 
kind  until  further  instructions  upon  the  Subject. 
I  am  Sir  with  Sentiments  of  Respect 
Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Edmund  Merillon 
Commandant  at  the  Rapids 


To  Blanque 

New  Orleans  12th  June  1804 
Sir, 

It  is  represented  to  me  by  the  Harbour  Master  (Cap- 
tain Davis)  that  he  cannot  procure  places  on  the  vicinity 
of  the  Levee  for  Vessels  to  discharge  their  Cargoes  with- 
out ordering  from  the  Levee  some  vessels  taking  in  their 
freight;  the  Harbour  Master  adds  that,  the  Brig  Citi- 
zen owned  by  yourself  is  one  of  the  Vessels  which  he  is 
compelled  to  remove  (temporarily)  from  the  Levee  in 
order  to  comply  with  that  regulation  of  the  Port,  which 
directs  that  a  Vessel  discharging,  shall  have  preference 
of  those  taking  in  their  Cargo. 

I  hope  therefore  you  will  be  good  enought  to  direct 
the  Captain  of  the  Citizen  to  conform  to  the  direction  of 
the  Harbour  Master,  who  I  am  persuaded  mil  restore  the 
Citizen  to  her  position,  as  soon  as  the  State  of  Commerce, 
and  the  regulations  prescribed  will  permit. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  Sir  with  great  Respect 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Blanque 


202  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOPJAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Major  Pilot 

New  Orleans  12th  June  1804 
To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Gentlemen, 

I  transmit  to  you  an  address  from  the  Sjmdic  and 
Inhabitants  of  the  Ba^^ou  St.  John  respecting  the  injur- 
ies which  in  their  opinion  will  result  to  the  Navigation 
of  that  Stream,  from  the  deposits  of  Earth  and  Sand 
made  therein;  by  the  waters  flowing  along  the  Canal  of 
the  Mill  of  Mr,  Bernard  Marigny.  This  Subject  appear- 
ing to  me  highly  interesting  to  the  prosperity  of  our  City, 
I  request  you  to  cause  an  investigation  to  be  made  there- 
in, and  to  transmit  to  me  the  result  thereof,  and  your 
opinion  as  to  the  best  means  to  be  employed  to  remedy 
the  evils  should  any  exist. 

I  have  received  your  two  Letters  of  the  9th  instant 
the  one  containing  the  number  of  Militia  in  this  City  and 
its  environs,  and  the  other  the  names  of  the  persons 
which  you  have  thought  proper  to  recommend  as  Mem- 
bers of  the  Board  of  Health,  I  beg  you  to  accept  my  ac- 
knowledgments for  the  same,  and  to  believe  in  the  Sin- 
cerity with  which  I  have  the  Honour  to  be 

with  considerations  of  high  respect  and  esteem 
Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  AVm,  C,  C.  Claiborne 

James  Pitot  Esqr. 
Mavor 


From  Patrick  Walsh  to  Gov.  Claiborne 

Dear  Sir, 

The  Lady  Abess  of  the  Ursuline  Convent  requests 
you  will  be  pleased  to  accept  of  a  Fan  as  an  offensive 
and  defensive  "Weapon  against  our  connnon  Enemy  the 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE. 


203 


Musquitoes,  but  to  common  and  troublesome  indeed  at 
present.  I  send  it  by  the  bearer  at  her  reverence's  own 
request,  who  conceives  that  this  small  token  of  her  grati- 
tude may  possibly  derive  some  additional  value  from  my 
interposition  or  interference. 

D  Sir  Your  Sincere  friend  and  Humble  St. 
(Signed)  Patrick  Walsh 

Vicar  Genl  of  La. 
His  Excellency 

Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne     •  : 

New  Orleans  12th  June  1804 


To  Patrick  Walsh 

New  Orleans  13th  June  1804 
D  Sir 

As  you  have  been  so  obliging  as  to  convey  to  me  the 
much  esteemed  present  of  the  Lady  Abbess,  I  flatter  my- 
self that  you  will  have  the  goodness  to  present  here  in 
return  my  Sincere  thanks  for  this  token  of  friendly  re- 
membrance. 

The  Fan  presented  to  me  will  not  only  serve  as  a  de- 
fence against  the  troublesome  insect  of  which  the  Abbess 
Speaks,  but  the  beauty  of  its  Colour  and  the  neatness  of 
the  Work  will  continually  remind  me  of  the  innocence, 
virtue  and  usefulness  of  the  amiable  donor  and  of  the 
Venerable  Order  over  which  she  presides. 

I  pray  you  Sir  to  receive  assurances  of  my  Sincere 
and  respectful  attachment 

The  Kevd.  (Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Patrick  Walsh 


204  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Pilot 

New  Orleans  14th  June  1804 
To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Gentlemen, 

In  my  last  Letter  to  you  I  acknowledged  the  receipt 
of  yours  containing  the  names  of  those  Gentlemen  whom 
you  thought  proper  to  recommend  as  Members  of  the 
Board  of  Health.  I  now  take  the  liberty  to  request  that 
you  would  by  an  Ordinance  define  the  duties  of  the  Board 
and  the  different  objects  to  which  their  attention  should 
be  called.  The  Sooner  your  regulations  shall  be  promul- 
gated the  greater  will  be  the  Security  of  our  City  from 
the  Calamities  of  either  foreign  or  domestic  disease. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  considerations  of  high 
respect 

Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Pitot  Esqr. 
Mayor 


To  Albert  Gallatin 

New  Orleans  14th  June  1804 
DSir, 

The  Louisiana  Bank  I  am  now  persuaded  will  fail 
without  any  interference  of  the  constituted  Authorities. 
For  some  time  past  no  shares  have  been  taken,  and  by 
adverting  to  the  third  clause  of  the  ordinance  you  will 
discover  that  unless  the  Capital  required  is  Subscribed 
and  the  directors  elected  previous  to  the  first  Monday  in 
January  next  the  institution  must  fall. 

I  must  confess  that  this  act  of  mine  is  a  Subject  of 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       205 

Serious  regret  because  it  is  disapproved  of  by  those 
whose  good  opinion  and  confidence  I  am  most  desirous  of 
deserving.  My  former  letter  to  you  upon  this  Subject 
will  explain  fully  my  motives,  and  I  trust  remove  all  un- 
favorable impressions.  I  had  no  private  views  to  an- 
swer, no  favorites  to  serve :  At  no  period  of  my  life  did 
I  ever  possess  funds  or  inclination  to  adventure  in  specu- 
lations of  any  kind,  and  while  in  the  exercise  of  a  public 
duty,  I  am  not  sensible  of  receiving  a  bias  from  private 
friendships.  I  make  to  you  this  declaration,  because  in 
a  private  Letter  from  a  friend  at  Washington,  he  says, 
''I  heard  it  suggested  the  other  day  that  Governor  Clai- 
borne might  be  personally  interested  in  the  Louisiana 
Bank." 

I  am  well  aware,  that  it  would  have  been  proper,  to 
have  inserted  in  the  Bank  ordinance  a  clause  rendering 
the  approbation  of  the  future  constituted  Authorities 
essential  to  the  continuance  of  the  charter.  This  I  was 
Solicitous  to  do,  but  discovering  that  it  would  defeat  the 
effect  intended,  to  Wit,  the  allaying  of  political  discon- 
tent, I  ultimately  Sanctioned  the  measure  in  the  Shape 
you  have  seen  it.  = 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  every  thing 
is  tranquil  in  Louisiana. 

With  great  respect  and  esteem,  I  am  D  Sir 
Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honorable 
Albert  Gallatin 

Secty.  of  the  Treasury 


206  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

From  Gideon  Granger  to  Gov.  Claiborne 

Washington  April  12th,  1804 
General  Post  Office 
Sir, 

As  I  do  not  possess  that  degree  of  information  which 
enables  me  to  select  the  proper  places  for  Offices,  or  the 
proper  characters  to  fill  them,  on  the  New  Post  road  be- 
tween Loftus  Heights  and  New  Orleans,  I  have  taken 
the  liberty  to  direct  to  yon  a  number  of  Blanks  suitable 
for  appointments  as  well  as  a  number  of  rolls  each  of 
which  contains  every  thing  necessary  for  an  office :-  they 
will  be  received  by  a  Vessel  now  about  to  Sail  from  Phila- 
delphia. I  pray  3^ou  Sir  to  designate  the  proper  places 
and  characters  for  these  Offices  and  to  cause  some  one  of 
the  persons  under  you  to  fill  up  the  Blank  address  and 
forward  the  papers  accordingly. 

It  appears  to  me  the  appointment  of  some  of  the  old 
Spanish  inhabitants  in  West  Florida  would  be  useful  in 
more  respects  than  one.  It  would  be  conciliatory  and 
gratifying  to  their  feelings  and  at  the  same  time  an  ex- 
ercise of  our  National  Authority  in  that  Province. 

I  am  Sir  with  the  highest  esteem  and  Respect 

yours 
(Signed)  Gideon  Granger 

His  Excellency 
Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Thomas  Jefferson 

New  Orleans  15th  June  1804 
Sir, 

At  the  particular  request  of  the  Superior  of  the  Con- 
vent in  this  City,  I  have  the  Honour  to  enclose  you  a 
communication  from  the  Ursuline  Nuns. 

These  respectable  Ladies  merit  and  possess  a  great 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  207 

share  of  the  public  esteem;  tlieir  conduct  is  exemplary, 
and  their  time  is  usefully  emploj^ed  in  the  Education  of 
female  youth.  During  my  short  residence  in  this  City, 
I  have  paid  the  Nuns  very  great  respect  and  given  them 
every  assurances  of  the  protection  and  friendly  regard 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States.  I  believe  I  have 
succeeded  in  conciliating  their  affections,  and  rendering 
their  minds  tranquil ;  it  seems  however,  that  they  of  late, 
entertain  some  fears  that  their  Property  cannot  be  Se- 
cured to  them  and  their  Successors  without  an  act  of 
Congress,  and  I  understand  that  it  is  on  this  Subject 
they  have  addressed  you. 

This  City  continues  Healthy  and  the  American  So- 
ciety increases  rapidly. 

The  Lady  and  Family  of  my  friend  Mr.  Trist,  and 
several  other  genteel  families  from  the  United  States 
have  within  ten  days  past  arrived  in  this  City.  I  have 
the  pleasure  to  add  that  Mrs.  Claiborne  is  now  with  me 
she  reached  this  City  on  the  4th  instant  after  a  passage 
of  forty  days  from  Nashville  in  Tenessee. 

With  Sentiments  the  most  Respectful  I  have  the  Hon- 
our to  Subscribe  myself  your  faithful  friend ! 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Thomas  Jefferson 
President  of  the  United  States 


Circular 

To  the  Notaries-public  for  the  City  of  New  Orleans 

Sir,      • 

From  various  complaints  which  have  been  made  to 
me,  in  the  course  of  a  few  days  past  respecting  the  exor- 
bitant demands  of  the  Notaries  Public's  Services  ren- 
dered in  their  official  character,  such  for  example  as 


208  MISSISSIPPI    TEREITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

charging  from  Six  to  ten,  fifteen  and  twenty  dollars  for 
Bills  of  Sale,  Deeds  and  other  documents,  and  for  which 
agreeably  to  the  regulations  of  the  Spanish  tarif  you 
were  not  entitled  to  more  than  two,  and  two  and  a  half. 
I  deem  it  my  duty  to  inform  you  that  until  the  constituted 
authorities  of  Louisiana  shall  prescribe  the  fees  of  No- 
aries  Public  you  are  not  authorized  to  demand  a  greater 
compensation  for  your  Services  than  was  allowed  under 
the  Spanish  Government  for  like  Services. 

I  address  to  you  this  letter  in  full  confidence,  that  it 
will  for  the  future  regulate  your  conduct,  and  that  com- 
plaints of  the  nature  I  have  mentioned  will  not  be  re- 
newed. 

I  am  Sir  very  Eespectfully 

Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

New  Orleans  15th  June  1804 


To  James  Pitot  ""'''  i 

New  Orleans  16th  June  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
Gentlemen, 

I  send  you  enclosed  a  letter  from  the  Physician  of  the 
Port  which  announces  the  existence  of  the  Small-pox  in 
this  City.  I  beg  you  Gentlemen  to  take  this  letter  into 
early  consideration  and  to  adopt  the  most  adviseable 
measures  for  the  interest  and  security  of  the  City  and 
neighbouring  Country.  If  this  disease  could  be  confined 
a  few  days,  its  progress  perhaps  for  the  present,  might 
be  effectually  arrested,  for  I  have  learned  with  great 
pleasure  that  the  Vaccine  virus  has  lately  been  received 
by  several  Gentlemen  of  the  faculty  who  have  already 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  209 

vaccinated  many  persons  with  every  prospect  of  com- 
municating the  infection. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  and  Esteem 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Pitot  Esquire 
Mayor 


To  Col.  Freeman. 

New  Orleans  16th  June  1804 
Sir, 

The  officer  commanding  a  small  detachment  of  Troops 
at  Atakapas  Lieutenant  Henry  Hopkins  'was  several 
months  ago  appointed  by  me  Civil  Commandant  of  that 
District.  His  Official  Conduct  has  been  very  pleasing  to 
me,  and  I  learn  his  conciliating  deportment,  has  acquired 
him  the  general  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  people.  I 
pray  therefore  (if  the  State  of  the  Service  will  permit) 
that  Lieutenant  Hopkins  may  be  continued  in  his  present 
command:  his  removal  (at  this  time)  would  I  am  per- 
suaded be  attended  with  a  serious  public  inconvenience. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  and  esteem 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Colonel  Freeman 
Commanding  U.  S.  Troops  At  New  Orleans 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  16th  June  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  enclose  you  an  estimate  of  the 
expense  which  will  attend  the  support  of  the  Government 
of  the  Orleans  Territory  for  one  year  ensuing  the  1st  of 
October  next. 

11—14 


210  MISSISSIPPI    TERPtlTORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

The  Council  being  appointed  by  the  President,  and 
their  Per  diem  allowance  fixed  by  a  Law  of  Congress,  I 
have  supposed  their  pay  would  be  draA^Tl  from  the  Treas- 
ury of  the  United  States ;  but  I  presume  all  incidental  ex- 
penses of  the  Legislature,  such  as  Clerk-hire,  printing, 
Stationary  &c  &c  will  be  defrayed  by  the  Territory. 

I  fear  the  estimate  for  the  contingent  fund  will  have 
the  appearance  of  extravagance,  but  from  nty  personal 
observations,  I  am  persuaded  the  expenditures  I  have 
enumerated  must  necessarily  be  made.  In  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Government,  dispatches  must  frequently  be 
forwarded  into  the  interior  of  Louisiana,  and  until  cross- 
Post  Eoads  are  established,  jDrivate  expresses  must  be 
resorted  to.  The  Provision  for  a  Private  Secretary  to 
the  Governor,  or,  an  Assistant  Clerk  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Territory  I  considered  as  necessar^^ : —  It  seems  to  me 
that  the  permanent  Governor,  will  have  for  the  first  year, 
more  business  than  himself  and  the  Territorial  Secretary 
can  possibly  discharge :  I  at  present  employ  in  my  Office 
two  Gentlemen  the  one  at  the  rate  of  750$  Per  Annum 
and  the  other  at  600$,  but  from  the  high  price  of  Board- 
ing and  every  thing  else  in  this  City,  I  am  Sensible,  that 
more  Economy  than  justice  has  been  exercised  in  the  al- 
lowance made  them;  I  have  therefore  mentioned  800$ 
Per  Annum  as  compensation  for  a  private  Secretary  to 
the  Governor.  With  respect  to  the  Charges  for  Station- 
ary &c  I  will  observe  that  this  expense  will  not  be  so  great 
after  the  first  year;  I  have  procured  some  Office  Fur- 
niture (at  the  public  expense)  which  mil  be  transferred 
to  my  Successor;  but  by  no  means  a  Sufficiency  for  the 
comfortable  accomodation  of  the  permanent  Governor 
and  Secretary.  I  have  presumed  that  the  apartments  in 
the  Governors  house,  which  I  now  occupy  as  offices  will 
remain  so  appropriated,  or  otherwise  the  allowance  for 
Office  rent  must  at  least  be  600$  P  Annum  for  I  believe 
the  use  of  a  convenient  office  could  not  be  procured  for  a 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        211 

less  Sum.  The  necessity  for  an  Interpreter  of  the 
French  and  Spanish  languages  you  will  no  doubt  readily 
perceive :  The  Gentleman  I  have  employed  in  that  char- 
acter is  allowed  60$  Per  Month,  and  I  do  not  l)elieve  tlie 
Services  of  a  capable  Interpreter  could  be  procured  on 
better  Terms. 

Accept  Assurances  of  my  esteem  and  regard 

(Signed)  AVm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


Estimate  of  the  expense  attending  the  support  of  the 
Government  of  the  Orleans  Territory 

Civil  List 

Salary  of  the  Governor $  5,000  lOOcts. 

Ditto—  Secretary 2,000 

Ditto  3  Judges  @  $2,000  each  is 6,000 

Legislature 

The  pay  of  13  Councellors  calculating        ) 

) 
a  Session  of  5  Months  in  a  3^ear  @  4$ 

Per  diem  )     7,800 

District  Court 

Salary  of  the  Judge 2.000 

Ditto  Attorney 600 

Ditto  Marshall   200 

Contingent  expences  carried  forwd_$23,600, 

Brought   forward 23,600 

Hiring    expresses    and    forwarding    dis- 


212  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

patches  into  the  Interior  of  the  Terrty.__  700 
Stationary  including  office  Furniture,  fire- 
wood and  Candles 500 

Translator  of  the  French  &  Spanish  Lan- 
guages     700 

Indian  Interpreter 350 

Private  Secty  to  the  Governor 800 


$26,650 


To  Gideon  Granger. 

New  Orleans  17  June  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  12th  of  April  came  to  hand  about 
ten  days  Since.  The  rolls  to  which  you  referred  were 
received  on  this  day;  but  the  Blanks  necessary  for  mak- 
ing appointments  have  miscarried.  The  Vessel  by  which 
they  came  had  a  long  Voyage,  and  it  was  Several  days 
after  her  arrival  here,  before  the  packages  were  deliv- 
ered, owing  to  the  circumstance  that  the  portmanteau 
(in  which  they  were  forwarded)  was  directed  to  the  Post 
Master  at  Natchez  instead  of  New  Orleans. 

Mj^  Impression  is,  that  for  the  present  four  intermedi- 
ate offices  will  be  Sufficient,  between  Fort  Adams  and  New 
Orleans,  one  of  which  ought  to  be  at  Baton  Kouge ;  but  I 
fear  an  exception  will  be  taken  to  an  establishment  at 
that  place  by  the  Spanish  Authorities.  I  have  been  for- 
mally notified  by  Governor  Folch  of  Pensacola,  that  the 
Exercise  of  any  Authority  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States  in  West  Florida  will  be  considered  by  him  as  an 
outrage  against  the  rights  of  the  King  his  Master  and 
that  the  agent  (acting  under  the  Authority  of  the  United 
States)  must  look  to  the  consequences.  Governor  Folch 's 
letter  and  a  copy  of  my  answer  thereto  have  been  trans- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  213 

mitted  to  the  Secretary  of  State  but  I  consider  the  Gov- 
ernors conununication  as  a  little  rash  written  at  a  period 
when  his  zeal  for  the  Service  of  his  King  had  gained 
the  ascendency  of  every  other  feeling,  except  a  Solicitude 
to  attract  the  attention  of  his  Court  and  to  acquire  some 
additional  favour 

As  Soon  as  the  Blank  Conunissions  are  received,  I 
shall  select  the  Post  Masters,  and  will  advise  you  of  their 
names  and  residence.  It  is  probable  that  on  further 
search  these  blanks  may  be  found,  but  I  fear  they  were 
not  put  up  in  the  jjortmanteau.  Major  Claiborne  con- 
tinues to  carry  the  mail  between  New  Orleans  and  Fort 
Adams ;  he  has  made  to  you  (he  informs  me)  a  statement 
of  his  expenses,  and  the  compensation  he  thinks  himself 
entitled  to: —  Our  agreement  was  that  the  quantum  of 
compensation  should  be  left  to  you,  and  I  hope  you  will 
be  good  enough  to  give  an  opinion  thereon,  which  being 
done,  the  amount  shall  be  paid  by  me.  The  contract  for 
the  express  mail  was  advertised  and  Major  Claibornes 
bid  being  the  lowest,  it  was  consequently  accepted. 
After  the  period  contracted  for  had  expired,  I  expected 
that  the  carrying  of  the  mail  would  be  under  the  Imme- 
diate direction  of  the  Post  Master  General  and  Major 
Claiborne  did  agree  to  take  what  you  should  prescribe. 
I  have  advanced  Major  Claiborne  600  Dollars  on  account, 
and  I  must  pray  you  to  give  an  opinion  as  to  the  quantum 
of  compensation. 

Louisiana  is  perfectly  tranquil,  and  the  temporary 
Government  has  got  on,  much  better  than  I  had  antici- 
pated. My  duties  have  indeed  been  arduous,  and  it  is 
very  certain  that  through  want  of  judgment,  I  have  com- 
mitted errors,  but  I  think  it  probable  that  some  of  my 
acts  may  in  the  United  States  be  deemed  exceptionable 
by  those,  who  would  not  blame  me,  could  they  know  the 
reasons  which  influenced  them.  To  conciliate  the  public 
mind,  and  to  check  a  spirit  of  discontent,  I  have  some- 


214  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

times  resorted  to  expedients  which  (in  other  situations) 
I  shonld  not  have  practised.  The  Louisiana  Bank  is  one 
of  these  expedients;  It  originated  from  the  purest  mo- 
tives of  honest  patriotism,  and  however  I  may  regret  that 
any  measure  of  mine  should  be  disapproved  of,  by  the 
Executive,  I  can  never  censure  myself  for  this  act. 

With  great  respect  &  Esteem 
/  Your  Most  Obedient  Servant 

(Signed)  AVilliam  C.  C.  Claiborne    ~ 
Gideon  Granger  Esqure. 
Post  Master  General 


An  Ordinance 

To  regulate  the  fees  of  Magistrates. — 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne,  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory  Exercising  the  powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

It  is  ordained,  that,  the  several  Magistrates,  in,  and 
for  this  City,  Shall  be  entitled  to  demand  and  receive,  the 
following  and  no  greater  fees  (viz) :  for  every  Warrant 
where  the  debt  is  under  twenty  Dollars,  fifty  cents,  for 
ever  warrant  where  the  debt  it  twenty  Dollars  and  up- 
wards Seventy  five  cents;  for  every  warrant,  when  the 
debt  damage  or  fine  is  sued  for,  to  the  use  of  the  Public 
or  of  the  person  sueing,  one  Dollar;  on  every  judgment 
twenty  five  cents,  for  every  Subpoena  twenty  cents ;  for 
every  execution  fifty  cents. 

Given  under  my  hand,  and  the  seal  of  the  administra- 
tion at  the  city  of  New  Orleans  the  Eighteenth  day  of 
June  1804  and  in  the  28tli  year  of  the  Independence  of  the 
United  States 
[L.  S.]  (Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       215 

To  Edward  D.  Turner. 

New  Orleans  19tli  June  1804 
Sir, 

Your  letters  of  the  27th  May  and Instant  have 

been  duly  received  and  I  can  assure  j-ou  their  contents 
aiTorded  me  much  satisfaction.  I  entertain  no  doubt, 
but  the  measures  you  have  already  adopted  and  may  con- 
tinue to  pursue  will  preserve  the  present  tranquility  of 
your  district  and  promote  that  System  which  equally 
tends  to  inspire  confidence  and  harmonize  Opinion  so  con- 
genial to  the  views  of  the  Government  towards  Louisiana. 

It  is  said  that  Barker  (of  whom  I  spoke  in  a  former 
letter)  sold  a  small  tract  of  Land  adjoining  Natchitoches 
to  a  citizen  of  your  district  who  has  not  yet  paid  the  sum 
due  by  contract ;  if  this  be  the  case  I  pray  you  to  attach 
so  much,  or  if  necessary  the  whole  of  the  sum  due,  in  or- 
der to  save  Randall  from  the  payment  of  300  Dollars  for 
tvhicli  he  was  Barker 's  Security.  This  man  Barker  is  an 
infamous  fellow ;  I  am  sorry  my  friend  Sibley  ever  named 
him  to  me,  Randall  was  his  (Barkers)  Securitj^  at  my 
request,  and  I  very  much  fear  without  your  active  agency 
I  shall  ultimately  have  to  pay  the  money. 

I  am  Sir  Very  Respectfully 

Your  Obedient  Servent 
(Signed)  AVilliam  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Turner 
Commandant  of  Natchitoches 


New  Orleans  22nd  June  1804    . 

To  Major  Fortier 
Sir, 

I  enclose  to  you  for  your  perusal  and  instruction,  an 
extract  of  a  letter  to  me  from  the  Secretary  of  War, 
dated  the  20th  of  February  in  which  you  will  discover 


216  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  views  of  the  Government  relative  to  the  free  people 
of  Colour  in  and  about  New  Orleans.  It  being  deemed 
prudent  not  to  enerease  the  corps  but  to  diminish,  if  it 
can  be  done  without  giving  offence. 

You  are  instructed  to  Muster  no  free  man  of  colour 
in  your  Battalion  who  resides  without  the  city  or  suburbs, 
and  you  will  for  the  present  avoid  enrolling  any  new  re- 
cruit, assigning  for  reason,  that  such  is  the  order  of  the 
Governor,  and  adding  that  you  know  not  the  cause;  but 
you  presume,  that  the  Battalion  is  deemed  sufficiently 
numerous,  and  that  the  freemen  of  Colour  not  now  at- 
tached thereto,  may  hereafter  be  formed  into  a  seperate 
corps :  You  will  discover  also,  the  suggestions  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  with  respect  to  the  characters  of  the 
principal  officers,  and  I  confidently  rely  that  you  will  use 
you  endeavours  to  procure  to  be  recommended  such  per- 
sons for  company  officers  as  will  best  answer  the  wishes 
of  the  Government. 

With  great  respect  &  Esteem 
I  am  Sir  your  Obdt.  Servt. 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

M.  Fortier 
Major  Battn.  F.  P.  C. 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  22  June  1804 
Sir, 

The  twenty  passports  you  Lately  forwarded,  are 
nearly  distributed ;  the  commerce  of  this  city  is  great  and 
encreasing,  and  I  find  that  the  Louisianians  are  very 
fond  of  visiting  Europe;  I  regret  therefore  that  an  ad- 
ditional number  of  blank  passports  may  be  furnished  me, 
or  otherwise  I  shall  not  be  enabled  to  present  the  Louisi- 


Letter  books  of  w.  c.  c.  claiborne.  217 

anians  going  abroad  with  a  Document  which  they  all  so- 
licit and  seem  highly  to  appreciate. 

Every  thing  continues  tranquil  in  this  city;  the  op- 
position to  the  Law  of  Congress  prescribing  a  govern- 
ment for  Louisiana  is  apparently  confined  to  a  small  por- 
tion of  the  Society :  I  believe  the  great  body  of  the  peo- 
ple have  only  one  objection  to  the  Law,  and  that  relates 
to  the  prohibition  of  the  African  trade.  A  party  con- 
sisting of  a  few  respectable  old  Inhabitants  and  some  as- 
piring Gentlemen  Lately  from  the  United  States  are  I 
believe  very  solicitous  for  a  State  Government :  at  pres- 
ent it  is  certain  that  the  mass  of  the  citizens  have  not 
fallen  into  their  views;  but  how  far  the  exertions  of  a 
few  may  in  time  create  a  general  Sentiment  in  favor  of  a 
complete  representative  System  I  cannot  tell. 
With  respect  &  Esteem  I  am  Sir 
Your  most  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


To  Henry  Dearborn 

New  Orleans  22  June  1804 
Sir, 

In  a  former  letter,  I  advised  you  that  the  Battalion  of 
free  people  of  colour,  had  been  placed  under  the  com- 
mand of  M.  Fortier  a  native  of  Louisiana  and  one  of  the 
most  respectable  Merchants  of  this  city,  and  that  Major 
Lewis  Kerr,  a  gentleman  possessing  a  great  share  of  my 
esteem  was  appointed  Second  in  command:-  I  had  also 
in  contemplation  to  commission  two  respectable  AVhite 
citizens  as  adjutants  to  the  same  corps ;  but  finding  from 


218  MISSISSIPPI    TERHITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  memorial  enclosed  that  this  arrangement  would  not 
be  pleasing  it  has  been  declined. 

On  yesterday  I  presented  to  the  Battalion  a  stand  of 
Colours;  it  was  made  of  Avhite  silk,  Ornamented  with 
fifteen  Stripes  (alternately  red  and  white.)  The  stand- 
ard was  thankfullj"  received  &  apparently  excited  a  great 
share  of  Sensibility  and  gratitude. 

I  was  unwilling  to  take  upon  myself  the  responsibility 
of  reorganizing  this  Battalion,  and  was  therefore  re- 
lieved by  the  instructions  which  were  given.  The  policy 
however  pursued,  I  do  veryly  believe  to  be  the  most  ad- 
visable ;-  The  Spaniards  were  the  first  to  train  these  free 
men  of  Colour,  to  the  use  of  arms,  and  they  were  often 
Called  into  service  by  the  Spanish  Governor :-  Mr.  Laus- 
sat  recognized  the  corps,  and  they  appeared  on  parade 
on  the  20th  of  December  &  witnessed  the  surrender  of 
Louisiana  to  the  United  States.  After  being  thus  noticed 
by  the  former  Governments,  had  the  corps  been  discard- 
ed by  the  United  States,  I  am  persuaded  serious  discon- 
tents would  have  arisen  and  which  might  (possebly)  have 
laid  the  foundation  of  much  future  mischief. 

There  is  a  great  dislike  between  the  white  Natives  of 
Louisiana,  and  the  free  men  of  colour,  the  cause  of  which, 
I  do  not  know  that  I  could  assign  with  accuracy,  but  the 
fact  is  unquestionable,  and  from  this  and  other  consid- 
erations, the  Battalion  I  speak  of,  should  engage  much 
of  the  attention  of  the  Governor,  and  be  managed  with 
delicacy  and  caution,  I  believe  that  some  of  the  Old  In- 
habitants of  Louisiana  would  much  rather  have  seen  this 
corps  disbanded  &  neglected  but  the  more  reflecting  part 
of  Society  seem  impressed  with  opinion  that  Under  ex- 
isting circumstances  the  policy  observed  is  most  wise. 

On  yesterday  (for  the  first  time)  a  complaint  against 
the  Military  was  Lodged  with  me  by  a  citizen;  it  seems 
that  the  walk  of  a  cenUnel  on  his  post,  was  interrupted 
by  a  citizen  of  respectability,  and  the  centinel  imprudent- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       219 

ly  struck  liim  with  liis  musket.  The  centinel  was  imme- 
diately relieved,  sent  to  the  guard  room,  and  will  be  tried 
by  a  court  Martial  on  this  day. 

I  cannot  too  highly  approve  the  General  conduct  of 
the  army :  the  officers  act  with  propriety,  and  the  troops 
are  under  excellent  discipline.  Colonel  Freeman  Com- 
mands with  prudence  &  Dignity,  and  I  am  persuaded  his 
conduct  will  be  perfectly  satisfactory.  I  understand  there 
are  several  vacancies  in  the  army,  and  that  there  are 
several  young  gentlemen,  natives  of  Louisiana  who  would 
accept  of  commissions :-  Permit  me  the  Liberty  to  sug- 
gest the  propriety  of  gratifying  these  young  gentlemen, 
it  would  be  highly  flattering  to  their  connections  &  might 
as  a  matter  of  policy  have  a  good  effect. 

With  respect  &  Esteem  I  am  Sir 
Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.       I  have  also  enclosed  you  a  copy  of  a  Letter  which 
I  have  addressed  to  Major  Fortier  relating  to  his  Bat- 
talion. 
The  Honble. 
Henry  Dearborn 
Secrty.  of  War  ' 


To  Peter  Pedisclaux  Esquire  Notary  Public 

It  having  been  stated  to  me  by  his  Excellency  the  Mar- 
quis of  Cassa  Calvo,  that  certain  negroes  now  in  posses- 
sion of  Francis  Hulin  a  citizen  of  New  Orleans  is  claim- 
by  the  said  Hulin,  by  virtue  of  a  fraudulent  purchase,  and 
that  the  said  Negroes  are  in  fact  the  property  of  P.  Vil- 
lamel  a  subject  of  his  catholic  Majesty  I  Desire  that  you 
would  make  known  to  the  said  Francis  Hulin  and  the  dif- 
ferent Notaries  in  this  city  the  aforesaid  Statement  of 
his  Excellency  the  Marquis  and  that  it  be  enjoined  upon 


220  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  Notaries  to  make  known  the  same  to  all  persons,  who 
may  apply  for  the  drawing  or  registering  bills  of  Sale  for 
the  Slaves  aforesaid  with  a  view,  that  no  person  may 
purchase  these  Slaves  or  any  of  them  without  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  exceptions  which  may  be  taken  to  the  titles. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

New  Orleans  16th  June  1804 


To  Thomas  Jefferson. 

New  Orleans  26th  June  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  this  moment  understood  that  Messrs  Girod  & 
Chul  Merchants  of  this  city,  have  addressed  a  letter  to 
you,  complaining  that  "I  had  (to  their  Injury  &  Exclu- 
sion) recognized  in  the  Barron  of  Bastrop  an  exclusive 
right  to  trade  with  citizens  at  Ouachitas,  and  also  with 
the  Indians  who  might  visit  that  Post,  which  Privilege 
had  been  heretofore  Granted  to  the  Barron  by  the  King 
of  Spain"  The  fact  is  Sir  that  I  positively  refused  to 
acknowledge  the  Barrons  Claim,  and  in  consequence  of 
which,  his  memorial  upon  the  subject,  was  at  his  request 
forwarded  by  me  on  the  7th  instant  to  the  Secretary  of 
State  for  his  decision  thereon. 

Girod  and  Chul  having  heard  (as  they  state)  that  I 
had  recognized  the  Barrons  pretensions  wrote  me  a  Long 
letter  (and  not  a  respectful  one)  on  the  occasion,  and  as 
I  had  neither  time  nor  Inclination  to  correspond  with 
Private  individuals  relative  to  my  official  Duties,  no 
answer  was  returned,  whereupon  their  appeal  was  made 
to  you ; —  Girod  &  Chul  ought  to  have  made  personal  ap- 
plication to  me  for  the  redress  of  their  supposed  griev- 
ance; they  had  no  cause  to  resort  to  a  correspondence, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C,  C.  CLAIBORNE.       221 

for  no  person  in  Louisiana,  however  obscure  or  humble 
he  may  be,  but  has  free  access  to  me.  During  my  official 
hours,  which  are  on  every  day  (Sunday  excepted)  from 
8  untill  2,  and  from  four  untill  sun  setting. 

The  Spanish  Governor's  heretofore  exercised  the 
power  of  granting  Licences  for  the  Indian  trade  to  whom 
they  pleased,  and  without  a  Licence  no  one  was  permitted 
to  share  in  the  trade,  I  thought  myself  vested  with,  and  I 
esteemed  it  a  duty  to  exercise  Like  authority,  and  have 
consequently  granted  my  licences  Gratis  (which  was  not 
formerly  the  case)  to  several  respectable  Citizens.  Were 
all  persons  permitted  indiscrimenately  to  trade  with  the 
Lidians,  much  Injustice  would  be  done  them,  and  the 
peace  on  the  frontiers  rendered  very  insecure. 

I  have  taken  the  Liberty  to  trouble  you  with  this  ex- 
plination,  in  order  that  the  representation  of  Girod  & 
Chul  should  it  have  reached  you,  may  make  no  unfavor- 
able impression. 

I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the  people  of  West  Florida, 
particularly  those  residing  on  the  waters  of  the  Missis- 
sippi will  continue  dissatisfied  until  they  fall  under  the 
American  Government:  at  present  there  exist  among 
them  much  disquietude  and  a  spirit  of  dissaffection  to  the 
Spanish  Authorities ;  but  on  this  point  my  official  Letters 
to  the  Secretary  of  State  will  inform  you  more  particu- 
larly.^ 

With  Sentiments  the  most  respectful  I  have  the  Honor 
to  Subscribe  myself 

Your  faithful  friend 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Thomas  Jefferson 
President  of  the  United  States 

'  These  people  were  from  the  original  states  and  were  of  English 
ancestry. 


222  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Amos  Stoddart. 

New  Orleans  26th  June  1804 
Sir, 

In  all  judicial  cases,  where  you  entertain  any  doubt 
or  feel  any  difficulty  in  deciding,  you  mil  avoid  acting,  & 
refer  the  parties  to  the  courts  that  will  be  established  in 
Upper  Louisiana  in  the  month  of  October  next : —  Refer- 
ence to  me  would  be  improper  for  the  probility  is  that,  be- 
fore a  decision  could  be  made,  my  judicial  authority  will 
have  ceased. 

Your  proclamation  and  orders  relative  to  the  banditti 
of  Creek  Indians  who  have  committed  recent  depreda- 
tions, meet  my  approbation: —  With  respect  to  the  In- 
dians Generally  I  doubt  not  but  you  have  endeavoured  to 
cultivate  their  friendship  and  conciliate  their  affections; 
the  best  way  of  affecting  which  is  to  act  towards  them 
with  impartial  justice;  to  protect  all  peaceable  Indians 
from  violence  &  wrong,  and  to  exercise  towards  them 
every  act  of  Kindness  which  your  means  will  permit. 

The  amount  of  expences  which  you  have  necessarily 
incurred  either  in  your  military  or  civil  character  I  wish 
you  to  state  to  the  Secretary  of  War; —  the  contingent 
fund  allowed  me  for  the  taking  possession  of  Louisiana 
is  nearly  expended,  and  therefore  I  am  desirous  that  you 
should  apply  direct  to  the  Secretary  of  AVar,  for  the  ad- 
justment of  your  accounts.  There  is  no  doubt  but  the 
expences  incident  to  your  public  officers,  such  as  Station- 
ery Interpreter,  and  office  rent,  will  be  paid,  and  I  should 
think  the  Government  would  act  justly,  were  they  to 
make  you  some  allowance  for  your  increased  personal 
expenses. 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  learn  the  good  order  an 
quietude  which  prevail  in  Uper  Louisiana,  it  argues  much 
in  favour  of  your  judgment  and  prudence,  and  I  trust  the 
present  happy  prospect  will  Long  continue.     The  con- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  223 

duct  of  the  several  Commandants  Acting  under  your 
authority  should  be  strictly  watched,  and  carefully  in- 
vestigated.    The  abuse  of  office  under  the  Late  Govern- 
ment was  considerable,  and  the  commandants  of  distant 
posts  were  frequently  Guilty  of  oppression  and  injus- 
tice :  I  have  found  it  good  policy  to  recommission  several 
of  the  former  Commandants  &  I  learn  that  you  have  pur- 
sued like  policy ;  but  we  should  both  take  care,  that  these 
men  should  execute  their  powers  Avith  justice  &  in  mercy. 
I  enclosed  you  some  time  since  a  copy  of  my  circular 
Letter  to  the   different  commandants,  but  Least  that 
packet  was  miscarried,  I  forward  another  herewith, 
Accept  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and 
Sincere  esteem! 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Amos  Stoddart 
Commandant  of  Upper  Louisiana 


To  Lieut.  Boivmar. 

New  Orleans  27  June  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  duly  received  yours  of  the  7th  instant,  concern- 
ing the  order  of  Seizure  which  Lately  issued  out  of  the 
superior  court  of  this  province  against  the  estate  of  the 
Barron  D  Bastrop,  and  directed  to  you  for  execution. 

It  is  one  of  the  serious  inconveniences  of  the  present 
state  of  things  in  this  country  that  we  are  under  the 
necessity  of  being  governed  as  nearly  as  possible,  by  a 
system,  in  most  points  incongenial  with  the  principles  of 
our  own  Government  by  Laws  to  Avhich  we  are  almost 
utter  strangers,  and  forms  of  practise  as  intricate  as 
they  are  new  to  us ;  add  to  this  that  the  executives  of  the 
collony  have  often  exercised  a  dispensing  power  over 


224  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

those  Laws,  and  the  people  consequently  have  been  hab- 
ituated to  the  uncertain  operation  of  rules  occasionally 
modified  by  the  wisdom  or  caprice  of  those  in  power. 
This  has  hitherto  rendered  it  impossible  for  me  to  fur- 
nish you  with  such  full  instructions  as  I  wished  concern- 
ing the  exercise  of  those  Ministerial  functions  under  the 
provincial  Judiciary,  which  devolve  on  3^ou,  in  virtue  of 
your  present  appointment;  but  an  unremitted  series  of 
enquiries  on  the  Subject  at  Length  enables  me  to  give 
you  some  advice  on  the  Leading  points  of  your  duty  in 
this  respect. 

The  Barron  De  Bastrop's  Case,  I  believe  involves 
most  of  the  difficult  questions  likely  to  arise,  and  there- 
fore may  serve  as  a  precident  for  future  occasions. 

Though  the  writ  addressed  to  you  directs  the  seizure 
generally  of  the  Baron  De  Bastrops  estates,  yet  it  may  be 
safest  for  you  to  levy  under  the  direction  of  the  plaintiff 
or  his  agent.  I  have  not  been  able  to  learn  that  there  is 
any  particular  form  of  proceeding  appropriated  by  the 
Spanish  Law  to  suitors  whose  claims  are  secured  by 
mortgage :  they  commence  their  process  and  take  judge- 
ment as  other  suitors;-  And  they  avail  themselves  of 
their  mortgages  by  causing  the  Levy  to  be  made  on  the 
Mortgaged  property  -  I  am  therefore  of  opinion  that,  in 
the  present  case  the  plaintiff  may  if  he  chuses  cause  the 
Levy  to  be  made  on  the  Mortgaged  Lands,  though  the 
Baron  may  have  other  property  equally  within  reach  of 
the  writ ;  for  it  appears  to  me  that  neither  the  court ;  nor, 
of  course  any  person  acting  under  its  authority  can  de- 
prive the  plaintiff  of  a  specific  security  which  has  been 
guaranteed  to  him  by  a  solemn  act  of  the  defendant. 
Though  I  believe  there  is  but  Little  doubt,  should  the 
mortgaged  property  be  insufficient  to  satisfy  the  debt 
which  it  was  intended  to  secure,  that  the  plaintiff  may  go 
on  to  seize  other  property  without  any  new  judgement  or 
other  process  than  the  first. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        225 

Permit  me  therefore  again  to  recommend  it  to  you  as 
your  safest  plan  to  Levy  under  the  direction  of  the  plain- 
tiff or  his  agent  duly  authorized;  but  if  in  the  course  of 
this  or  any  other  cause,  jovi  should  be  called  on  to  exe- 
cute a  write  in  a  manner  which  you  conceive  to  be  pal- 
pably unjust  or  oppressive,  I  have  no  objections  to  your 
requiring  from  the  j^laintiff  a  bond  of  indemnity  with 
sufficient  sureties,  to  secure  you  against  risk,  and  pro- 
vide for  the  ample  retribution  of  those  ivho  may  he  in- 
jured. 

It  is  I  presume  scarcely  necessary  to  apprise  you  that 
savy  conveyance  of  mortgaged  property  by  the  mort- 
gager, subsequent  to  the  date  of  the  mortgage,  gives  no 
title  to  the  purchaser ;  but  that  it  is  as  completely  liable 
to  the  execution  of  the  mortgage  as  if  no  such  subse- 
quent conveyance  had  taken  place. 

Your  seizure  is  to  be  made  by  giving  written  notice 
of  the  judgment,  process  &c  to  the  defendant,  or  his 
agent,  or  the  person  or  persons  in  possession  of  the 
property  &  Demanding  immediate  payment  of  the  debt; 
—  Should  this  demand  be  not  complied  with  at  the  mo- 
ment, you  proceed  to  make  actual  seizure,  noting  the 
particulars  in  writing  and  furnishing  the  opposite  party 
or  persons  in  possession  with  a  copy  of  such  proceed- 
ings : —  When  there  is  no  person  on  whom  the  notice  can 
be  served,  as  when  the  defendant,  or  no  agent  is  to  be 
found,  and  the  estate  required  to  be  seized  consists  of  va- 
cant Lands  or  abandoned  property  of  any  kind,  your  no- 
tices are  to  be  given  at  the  drum  head  in  the  nearest  set- 
tlement posting  up  the  same  at  the  place  &c.  After  the 
seizure  you  proceed  no  further  for  three  days.  If  mth- 
in  that  time  the  debt  be  paid,  the  execution  is  dis- 
charged, Defendants  and  others  interested  have  also  the 
same  time  to  enter  an  opposition  or  protest  against  the 
seizure,  which  you  are  to  receive  if  in  writing : —  but  no 

11—15 


226  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

protest  are  to  interrupt  your  proceedings  as  they  are 
cognizable  only  in  the  Superior  Court. 

After  the  expiration  of  the  three  days,  you  will  cause 
the  parties  or  persons  appearing  for  them  to  agree  in 
the  choice  of  two  or  more  appraisers,  who  shall  value 
the  property  and  make  report  thereof  to  you.  Should 
the  parties  not  appear  or  refuse  to  agree,  I  presume  you 
have  the  power  of  appointing  such  appraisers  as  you 
may  think  proper.  The  appraisement  being  made,  your 
functions  under  the  first  writ  terminate. 

The  writ  is  then  to  be  returned  to  the  clerk  of  the 
Superior  Court  with  a  detailed  report  annexed,  of  all 
your  proceedings  theron,  and  all  protests,  and  other 
papers  filed  with  you  'in  the  cause. 

You  are  at  the  same  time  to  transmit  to  transmit  to 
the  depositaire  Generale  (the  Sheriff)  in  this  city,  a  List 
of  the  property  seized,  with  as  full  a  description  of  the 
same,  as  may  be  conveniently  made,  and  the  appraised 
value  thereof.  When  the  property  seized  consists  of 
money,  deeds,  bonds,  notes,  or  other  securities  for  money, 
Gold  or  Silver  in  plate  or  otherwise  jewellery,  or  other 
moveable  property  of  high  value,  the  property  itself  is 
to  be  forwarded  with  the  List  to  the  deposit ;  in  all  such 
cases  it  will  of  course  be  unnecessary  to  have  the  prop- 
erty appraised  in  your  hands :  As  to  the  manner  in 
which  slaves  are  to  be  disposed  of  under  similar  cir- 
cumstances I  have  not  as  yet  ascertained  with  sufficient 
certainty  but  this  difficulty  I  believe  is  not  Likely  to  oc- 
cur in  the  present  case.  Thus  closes  the  first  Stage  of 
the  execution,  the  matter  is  then  again  Submitted  to  the 
Superior  Court,  with  all  the  questions  which  may  have 
been  suggested  against  the  regularity  or  justice  of  the 
seizure,  and  a  final  sentence  is  then  awarded  directing 
the  sale  or  other  disposal  of  the  property  seized  in  such 
manner  as  justice  may  seem  to  acquire.  After  the  exe- 
cution of  the  first  writ  your  only  care  will  be  to  preserve 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       227 

from  Injury  or  violation  the  property  you  shall  have 
seized,  and  wait  for  further  orders  which  shall  be  for- 
warded to  you  with  such  advice  and  instructions  as  may 
from  time  to  time  be  necessary. 

I  am  Sir  with  respect 
Your  Obdt,  Sevt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P.  S.     I  give  you  the  above  forms  of  execution  as  ap- 
plicable only  to  the  process  of  the  Superior  Court;  in 
your  owTi  court  for  the  recovery  of  small  sums  your  pro- 
ceedings may  be  as  summery,  as  justice  requires  &  and 
the  habits  of  the  people  admit  of. 

Lieutenant  Bowmar 
Commandant  of  Ouchiatas 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  27th  June  1804 
Sir, 

On  yesterday  the  Marquis  of  Cassa  Calvo  (accompa- 
nied by  his  Secretary  Don  Andre)  made  me  a  visit;-  we 
were  in  private  for  some  time  and  conversed  freely  upon 
various  subjects. 

The  Marquis  has  received  information  from  Colonel 
Grandpre  Commandant  at  Baton  Rouge,  of  a  recent  riot 
in  the  vicinity  of  that  Post,  which  had  occasioned  him 
some  inquietude :  Colonel  Grandpre  stated  that  the  peo- 
ple of  West  Florida  had  manifested  a  seditious  spirit, 
ever  since  the  transfer  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States, 
and  the  Marquis  was  solicitous  that  I  should  co-oper- 
ate with  him  in  the  preservation  of  Good  order,  I  ob- 
served that  "the  Limits  of  the  ceeded  territory  were  not 
yet  ascertained;  but  that  the  United  States  had  sup- 
posed their  claim  extended  to  the  river  Perido;  should 


228  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

however  his  Catholic  Majesty  not  acknowledge  our  claim 
to  that  extent,  it  would  probably  become  a  question  of 
discussion  between  our  two  Governments,  and  with  me 
there  was  no  doubt,  but  the  decision  would  promptly  be 
made  by  the  friendly  mode  of  negociation. 

I  informed  the  Marquis  that  "three  or  four  citizens 
of  West  Florida  had  (I  believed)  at  different  times, 
made  enquiries  of  me  concerning  the  Limits  of  Louisi- 
ana; but  that  I  had  replyed,  they  were  not  fully  ascer- 
tained" I  added  that  ''the  seditious  Spirit  Spoken  of 
was  to  me  a  matter  of  regret"  and  was  sure  it  had  not 
been  encouraged  by  any  officer  of  the  United  States"  I 
further  named  to  the  Marquis  that  there  was  nothing  my 
government  had  more  at  heart;  than  to  maintain  peace 
&  harmony  with  all  the  wourld  and  particularly  to  pre- 
serve unimpaired  our  friendly  Understanding  with  the 
King  of  Spain" 

The  Marquis  seemed  pleased  with  my  remarks,  and 
replied,  that  ''it  was  mutually  the  interest  of  our  two 
Nations  to  remain  at  peace ;  and  which  he  considered  the 
safetest  Guarantee,  that  the  Limits  of  the  ceeded  terri- 
tory westwardly  he  knew  w^ere  Unsettled;  but  the  claim 
of  the  United  States  eastward  did  not  extend  beyound 
the  Isle  of  New  Orleans —  that  this  point  M.  Laussat  and 
himself  had  fully  discussed,  and  agreed  in  opinion,  he 
however  had  noticed  the  pretensions  of  the  United 
States  to  West  Florida,  and  supposed  the  question  would 
soon  be  settled  by  our  two  courts ;  he  added  that  he  had 
frequently  written  for  special  instructions  relatively  (as 
I  understood  him)  to  West  Florida,  and  had  received 
none;  hence  he  concluded  a  Negociation  Avas  pending; 
The  Marquis  expressed  a  hope  that  the  restless  &  sedi- 
tious spirit  in  West  Florida  would  soon  subside."  and 
our  converstion  then  turned  on  Less  important  objects.^ 

^  The  beginning  of  the  Revolution  of  West  Florida. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W,  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  229 

The  Spaniards  still  occupy  the  greatest  part  of  the 
public  store  houses  in  this  City,  where  they  have  depos- 
ited a  quantity  of  powder,  balls,  and  a  Large  supply  of 
arms;  these  stores  are  destined  for  Pensacola,  but  the 
accumulation  is  so  prodigious  that  it  will  take  some  time 
to  clear  the  buildings. 

In  the  Artillery  park  also  there  is  a  fine  train  of  Ar- 
tillery, and  some  of  the  most  beautiful  pieces  I  ever  saw 
—  a  small  portion  of  this  belongs  to  the  French,  and 
which  I  understand  might  be  purchased  on  good  terms. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  Eespect  &  Esteem 

(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


From  Gov.  Folch  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 


« 


14  June  1804 
Sir, 

The  three  months  I  Lately  past  in  your  Capital  occa- 
sioned so  wide  a  chasm  in  the  correspondence  of  this 
government,  that  notwithstanding  an  incessant  exercise 
of  my  pen,  I  have  not  as  yet  been,  able  to  repair  it ;  the 
news  however  of  the  safe  arrival  of  your  amiable  Lady 
at  New  Orleans,  induces  me  to  suspend  for  a  moment, 
the  tedious  yet  necessary  task,  to  congratulate  your  Ex- 
cellency on  that  desirable  event,  with  an  earnest  request 
that  you  will  please  to  render  the  offer  of  my  respects 
acceptable  to  her  Ladyship,  in  the  persuasion  that  with 
the  highest  esteem  and  consideration  for  both  I  am  Sir 
Your  Excellencys  most  Obdt  and  Humble  Servt. 
(Signed)  V.  Folch 
P.  S.     The  duty  incumbent  on  your  Excellency  and  me 
to  fulfill  the  objects  of  our  respective  employments  ought 


230  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

not  in  my  opinion,  to  affect  that  harmony  &  friendship 
which  form  the  basis  of  human  society  therefore  I  flat- 
ter myself  that  my  Late  official  communications  will 
cause  no  alteration  in  the  valuable  Sentiments  I  experi- 
enced from  your  Excellency  in  Orleans. 
His  Excellency  Governor  Claiborne 


To  Gov.  Folcli. 

New  Orleans  28  June  1804 
Sir, 

I  had  the  pleasure  to  receive  your  Excellencys  fa- 
vour of  the  14th  Instant  and  feel  sensible  of  the  honor 
you  have  done  me  by  that  obliging  communication.  Mrs. 
Claiborne  also,  in  much  flattered  by  your  polite  atten- 
tion, and  Joins  me  in  best  wishes  for  the  health  and  hap- 
piness of  yourself  and  your  Amiable  family. 

The  liberal  distinction,  which  you  make,  between  the 
duties  of  a  political  Station,  and  the  ties  of  private 
friendship,  I  most  heartily  accede  to.  As  the  represen- 
tatives or  Agents  of  different  Governments,  our  official 
correspondence  must  of  course  be  dictated  by  the  views 
&  interest  of  our  respective  countries,  but  as  individuals 
I  can  never  hold  any  Language  towards  your  Excellency 
but  that  of  sincere  esteem  &  great  respect. 

(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Governor  Folch 
Pensacola 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  28th  June  1804 
Sir, 

Since  the  heat  of  summer  commenced,  may  attention 
to  business  has  been  incessant,  but  I  discover  that 
neither  myself  not  the  gentlemen  in  my  emply  can  Long- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  ,C.  CLAIBORNE.  231 

er  preserve  our  health,  if  the  office  hours  are  not  cur- 
tailed;—  And  to  enable  me  to  do  so  I  find  myself  com- 
pelled to  engage  one  and  perhaps  two  additional  Clerks. 

Mr.  Briggs  my  Private  Secretary,  is  now  sick  of  a 
fever,  and  Doctor  Watkins  is  very  unwell,  I  am  there- 
fore at  present  without  an  assistant  in  the  office. 

I  am  now  engaged  in  compleating  a  Temporary  Or- 
ganization of  the  Militia  of  this  City; —  The  volunteer 
companies  heretofore  formed  compose  an  excellent  Bat- 
talion, and  I  have  recently  attached  to  this  Corps  a  very 
handsome  Troop  of  horse;  but  the  great  body  of  the 
City  Militia  yet  remain  to  be  organized. 

I  am  Sir  with  Eespect  &  Esteem 
Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


To  the  Superior  of  the  UrsuUne  Convent 

Madam ! 

I  have  solicited  of  the  Revd.  Mr.  Walsh  the  favor  to 
place  into  your  own  hands,  an  Ellegant  print,  Designed 
to  pourtray  the  virtues  of  the  redeemer  of  Mankind,  and 
of  which  I  pray  your  acceptance,  as  a  Memento  of  my 
great  respect  for  the  venerable  Order,  over  whom  you 
preside  with  such  exemplary  conduct  and  dignity. 

Receive  Madam  assurances  of  my  affectionate  regard 
and  high  consideration 

(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
New  Orleans  28  June  1804 


232  MISSISSIPPI    TEP.PJTORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Patrick  Walsh. 

New  Orleans  28  June  1804 
Sir, 

The  bearer  is  charged  to  deliver  to  you,  an  elegant 
engraving  of  "the  transfiguration"  intended  to  remind 
us  of  an  interesting  event  in  the  History  of  Christian- 
ity; and  of  which  I  request  your  acceptance  as  a  small 
but  Sincere  token  of  my  personal  esteem,  and  a  tribute 
of  my  great  respect  for  your  Ministerial  Character 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  Sentiments  the  most  re- 
spectful 

(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Revd.  Mr.  Walsh 


To  James  Pitot. 

New  Orleans  1  July  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality, — 
Gentlemen 

Your  Letter  of  the  8th  instant  has  been  received  and 
read  with  respectful  attention. 

The  Late  conduct  of  some  of  the  free  people  of  Col- 
our is  highly  reprehensible  and  of  a  nature  to  create 
anxiety :  the  necessary  measures  therefore  of  precaution 
have  been  directed,  and  I  shall  take  such  further  steps, 
as  existing  sircumstances,  and  the  information  I  am  in 
possession  of,  shall  render  wise  and  prudent. 

Charged  as  I  am  with  the  preservation  of  the  peace 
£  safety  of  Louisiana,  I  owe  it  to  myself  and  to  my 
country  to  use  all  the  means  in  my  power  to  insure  these 
great  objects: —  be  assured  then  gentlemen  there  is  no 
fatigue  of  mind  or  body  I  would  not  cheerfully  encoun- 
ter for  the  happiness  of  the  Louisianians,  and  no  danger 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       233 

that  I  would  not  with  pleasure  meet  in  support  of  the 
public  Security.  Let  our  fellow  citizens  then  repose 
with  confidence  on  the  vigilance  of  the  constituted  au- 
thorities:—  I  am  well  convinced  of  the  devotion  of  the 
Municipal  corps  to  the  public  w^elfare,  and  you  will  al- 
ways receive  my  prompt  co-operation. 

With  Respect  and  Esteem  I  am  Gentlemen 
Your  Most  Obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
James  Pitot  Esqre. 

Mayor 


To  James  Madison. 


c..  i.         New  Orleans  1  July  1804 

Sir,  ,:     .  4^ 

In  the  forenoon  of  this  day  a  number  of  the  citizens 
of  this  place  and  some  of  the  farmers  in  its  vicinity  as- 
sembled for  the  purpose  of  considering  a  memorial  to 
congress  previously  drawn  up  by  a  conmiittee.  The  me- 
morial is  attributed  to  Mr.  Edward  Livingston,  and  is 
said  to  be  a  good  piece  of  composition;'  the  object  of  it 
(I  Learn)  is  to  obtain  the  immediate  acknowledgment 
of  Louisiana  as  a  state  and  this  is  not  asked  as  a  favor, 
but  claimed  as  a  right  secured  to  the  inhabitants  by  a 
Treaty. 

The  Language  of  the  Memorial  I  am  told  is  respect- 
ful but  the  general  tenor  of  it  commanding  and  inflama- 
tory.  The  abolition  of  the  Slave  trade  is  a  particular 
subject  of  complaint  and  the  division  of  Louisiana  is 
represented  as  a  grievance. 

The  memorial  was  well  received  and  was  immediately 
after  the  reading  (without  discussion)  Signed  by  about 
One  hundred  and  forty  persons. 

Privious  to  the  meeting   of   the   citizens,   I   had   re- 


^  This  was  the  beginning  of  political  opposition  to  Claiborne. 


234  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOEIAL    ARCHIVES. 

quested  Mr.  Pilot  the  Mayor  of  New  Orleans  (who  I  un- 
derstood Y\'as  present.)  to  take  Special  care  that  the  pub- 
lic peace  should  not  be  interrupted,  Mr.  Pitot  assured 
me  that  no  disorders  should  be  conunitted,  and  I  learn 
the  meeting  was  opened  by  a  speach  from  the  Mayor,  in 
which  the  American  government  was  handsomely  Spo- 
ken of  and  the  citizens  invited  to  the  observance  of  the 
most  perfect  good  order  during  their  deliberations. 

I  am  promised  a  copy  of  the  Memorial  and  will 
hasten  to  transmit  it  to  you. 

Another  meeting  will  take  place  on  Sunday  next,  for 
the  purpose  of  electing  two  persons  to  bear  the  memo- 
rial to  congress,  and  to  advocate  the  same.  I  am  in- 
formed that  Mr.  Livingston,  Daniel  Clark  and  Mr.  Evan 
Jones  have  been  Active  agents  in  this  political  move- 
ment:^—  No  other  Americans  (or  rather  former  citizens 
of  the  United  States)  have  taken  any  part  in  this  busi- 
ness. 

I  am  Sir  With  respect  &  Esteem 
Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 

*Mr.  Clark  I  believe  never  was  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States. 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  3  July  1804 
Sir 

The  free  people  of  Colour  have  manifested  some  dis- 
satisfaction at  not  receiving  an  invitation  to  the  meeting 
of  citizens  who   adopted  the  memorial  to  congress.     A 

^  The  ability  of  Edward  Livingston  to  express  his  thoughts  im- 
pressed Claiborne  who  never  liked  him.  The  state  papers  of  Living- 
ston rank  very  high  in  the  political  literature  of  the  United  States. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       235 

piece  addressed  to  the  free  men  of  Colour  and  signed  by 
an  influential  character  among  them  inviting  a  meeting 
in  order  that  they  might  consult  together  as  to  their 
rights,  and  the  propriety  on  their  part  of  drafting  a  me- 
morial to  Congress,  was  handed  to  a  printer  for  publi- 
cation, who  very  prudently  declined  it,  and  for  which  I 
have  sincerely  thanked  him.' 

It  is  believed  that  the  Free  people  of  Colour  are  well 
attached  to  the  present  Government  and  that  it  will  only 
be  necessary  to  ^  have  recourse  to  advice,  to  induce  them 
to  decline  a  general  assemblage  or  publicly  manifesting 
any  disquietude; —  but  if  other  means  should  be  neces- 
sary, I  shall  use  them. 

I  do  assure  you  Sir,  that  the  governing  of  Louisiana, 
and  particularly  of  this  city,  will,  for  some  years  require 
great  address,  and  much  care  and  prudence  to  prevent 
tumult  and  confusion.  The  population  is  composed  of 
so  heterogenious  a  mass;  such  prejudices  exist,  and  so 
many  different  interest  to  reconcile,  that  I  fear  no  ad- 
ministration or  form  of  Government  can  give  General 
satisfaction.  I  sincerely  regret  that  public  meetings 
were  called,  because  I  am  still  persuaded  there  are  some 
influential  persons  in  Louisiana  not  permanently  inter- 
ested in  its  welfare,  whose  councils  will  be  mischievous : 
but  I  could  not  dissuade  certain  popular  characters  from 
their  purposes,  and  I  did  not  think  that  the  occasion  Jus- 
tified the  exercise  of  my  official  powers. 

The  present  aspect  of  affairs  here,  are  not  pleasing 
to  me:  a  spirit  of  dissatisfaction  certainly  exists,  and 
there  are  not  wanting  persons  who  Labor  to  increase  it ; 
but  you  may  be  assured  of  my  vigilance  and  prudence, 
and  in  the  mean  time  3^ou  may  rest  satisfied  that  no  seri- 
ous disorders  ivill  take  place. 

^  The  positions  of  free  negroes  in  Louisiana  was  somewhat  different 
from  other  Southern  States;  they  seem  to  have  been  accorded  a  better 
rank  in  the  community. 


236  MISSISSIPPI    TEKRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

The  4th  of  July  will  be  celebrated  in  this  city  with 
great  Pomp.  I  think  It  may  have  a  good  Political  tend- 
ency, and  I  shall  therefore  spare  neither  trouble  nor  ex- 
pence. 

I  am  Sir  very  respectfully 
Your  Obedient  Sevt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 

James  Madison  ^ 

Secretary  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  5  July  1804 
Sir 

The  birth  day  of  our  country  was  passed  here  in 
great  harmony  and  hilarity : —  high  mass  was  celebrated 
at  the  Cathedral  Church  at  seven  in  the  morning  and  a 
prayer  offered  for  the  continuance  of  the  Happiness  and 
prosperity  of  the  United  States. 

Two  appropriate  orations  the  one  in  the  American 
the  other  in  the  French  Language  were  delivered  in  the 
Hotel  de  Ville  to  a  very  crowded  Audience  and  the  ora- 
tors (Dictor  Watkins  and  Mr.  Derbigney)  received  great 
and  general  Plaudits,  the  regular  army,  and  the  Orleans 
Volunteers  paraded,  and  performed  various  military 
evolutions  very  much  to  the  gratification  of  a  numerous 
assemblage  of  Citizens  between  11  and  2  Oclock  the  Gov- 
ernor received  congratulatory  visits  from  the  Magis- 
trates of  the  City,  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  and  his 
suite,  the  officers  of  the  regular  troops  and  of  the  Militia, 
the  Reved.  Clergy  and  a  number  of  Private  Citizens, 
Throughout  the  day  every  thing  wore  the  appearance  of 
patriotism  and  contentment. 

The  city  Militia  are  not  yet  organized,  but  the  officers 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  237 

have  been  appointed,  and  with  a  view  to  conciliate  the 
public  sentiment  I  determined  to  present  (through  the 
officers)  the  city  Militia  with  a  Standard  on  this  day. 
This  intention  having  been  previously  been  notified  to 
Colonel  Bellechase,  he  requested  that  the  ceremony 
might  take  place  in  the  church,  in  order  that  after  the 
flag  was  presented  it  might  receive  a  benediction  as  is 
customary  among  Catholics,  To  this  arrangement  I  as- 
sented and  the  presentation  in  the  church  and  Subse- 
quent benediction  has  rendered  the  flag  peculiarly  dear 
to  the  Militia.  I  trust  that  in  this  proceeding  there  has 
been  nothing  improper :  I  thought  it  was  prudent  on  my 
part  to  conform  to  the  religious  customs  of  the  people, 
or  in  other  words  to  present  the  Standard  in  the  church, 
in  order  that  Colonel  Bellechasse  into  whose  hands  it 
was  placed,  might  more  conveniently  obtain  the  Bless- 
ing. 

I  have  seen  8  or  10  of  the  influential  characters 
among  the  free  people  of  Colour,  and  they  are  dissuaded 
from  a  public  meeting  or  publicl}^  manifesting  any  dis- 
quitude.  I  believe  this  part  of  the  community  will  re- 
main tranquil.  A  partial  meeting  of  the  White  citizens 
will  probably  take  place  on  Sunday  next  but  I  am  per- 
suaded no  confusion  will  arise ;  I  place  much  confidence 
in  the  good  intentions  and  prudent  conduct  of  Mr.  Pitot 
the  Maj^or  of  the  city  whose  influence  is  considerable, 
and  who  assures  me,  that  the  peace  of  the  City  shall  not 
be  disturbed,  I  believe  that  many  of  the  Citizens  are  now 
convinced  of  the  impropriety  of  popular  meetings  at 
this  particular  period,  and  I  should  not  be  surprised  if 
the  contemplated  one  should  ultimately  fail. 

So  soon  as  I  receive  a  copy  of  the  Memorial  to  Con- 
gress, I  will  forward  it  to  you  with  my  remarks  thereon. 
The  Louisianians  are  a  zealous  people  and  their  Livlely 
support  of  Measures,  nay  their  enthusiasm  may  be  easily 
excited;  but  I  find  that  they  readily  Listen  to  good  ad- 


238  .  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

vice  and  are  generally  pacific  and  well  disposed.  My 
opinion  is  that  had  the  African  trade  been  continued  for 
a  few  years,  no  murmers  against  the  Law  of  Congress 
would  have  been  heard.  It  is  certainly  true  (and  I  per- 
ceive it  with  great  regret)  that  there  is  almost  an  Uni- 
versal Sentiment  in  favour  of  this  inhuman  traffic,  and 
the  prohibition  thereof  is  the  great  Source  of  discontent. 
On  the  subject  of  the  Government  the  great  body  of  the 
people  have  no  opinion;  and  I  do  verily  believe  that  of 
those  who  think  and  talk  on  political  Subjects  a  major- 
ity are  impressed  with  the  inexpediency  of  forming  Lou- 
isiana immediately  into  a  State  and  that  the  privilege 
of  electing  the  Second  Legislative  Council  Avill  equal 
their  expectations;  but  upon  this  subject,  I  shall  write 
you  fully  &  particularly  when  I  forward  you  a  copy  of 
the  Memorial. 

With  Respect  and  Esteem  I  am  Sir 
The  Honble.  Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 

James  Madison         (Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Secretary  of  State 


To  Tench  Coxe. 


Office  of  Purveyor  of  Public  Supplies 
Philadelphia  19th  of  May  1804 
Sir, 

By  desire  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  I  have  shipped 
for  the  use  of  your  government,  on  board  the  schooner 
Goby  Captain  Jones,  a  box  containing  36  copies  of  6 
volumes  each  of  the  Laws  of  the  United  States. 

This  shipment  is  part  of  the  quantity  of  75  setts  to 
which  the  Order  extends.  The  remainder  will  be  fur- 
nished in  the  course  of  next  month  or  sooner  if  the 
printer  shall  deliver  them  and   a  Vessel  Shall  offer, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       239 

Wishing   this   interesting   little    package   safe   to   your 
hands 

I  have  the  Honor  to  he  Sir 

your  respectful  humble  Se\i:. 

Tench  Coxe  P.  P.  S. 
Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne  Esqre. 
Governor  of  Lower  Louisiana 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  7th  July  1804 
Sir, 

The  Late  slight  appearance  of  discontent  among  the 
people  of  Colour,  of  which  in  my  Last  Letter  advised 
you,  excited  some  alarm  among  the  white  citizens,  and 
has  determined  them  to  have  no  more  meetings,  after 
the  one  contemplated  on  tomorrow,  and  at  that  I  Sup- 
pose, but  few  will  attend. 

The  Louisianians  have  as  Little  Mischief  in  their  dis- 
positions, and  as  much  native  goodness  as  any  people, 
I  ever  lived  among;  but  unfortunately  they  are  ex- 
tremely credulous,  and  their  General  Sentiment  and  con- 
duct may  easily  be  directed  by  a  few  intrigueing;  De- 
signing Men:  I  find  also  among  the  Louisianians  a  con- 
siderable jealousy  of  their  American  Brothers,  viewing 
themselves  as  a  distinct  and  acquired'  Branch  of  our 
Family,  they  seem  to  think  they  are  not  Secure  in  the 
affections  and  confidence  of  the  government  of  this  cir- 
cumstance also,  designing  men  Avail  themselves  to  ex- 
cite fear  and  suspicion,  but  I  am  persuaded  that  a  Lit- 
tle experience  under  the  American  government  A\ill  give 
rise  to  a  very  different  impression  among  the  body  of 
the  people,  and  that  in  a  few  years  the  Louisianians  ^^^ll 
be  among  the  most  gratefull  of  our  citizens,  and  sincere 


240  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

admirers  of  our  Union  and  government/  I  have  writ- 
ten you  on  this  day  in  order  to  assure  you,  that  the  most 
perfect  good  order  prevails. 

I  am  Sir  Very  Respetcfully 

Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  AYilliam  C.  C.  Claiborne     ■ 
The  Honble. 

James  Madison  

Secretary  of  State 


To  Henry  Dearborn. 
^.  New  Orleans  7  July  1804 

Mr.  Michael  AYalsh  an  Inhabitant  of  this  City,  a 
young  man  of  education,  and  good  moral  conduct  has 
expressed  great  desire  to  obtain  a  commission  in  the 
army  of  the  United  States. 

Permit  me  to  recommend  Mr.  AYalsh  to  your  patron- 
age :  I  believe  he  will  make  a  deserving  officer.  xVn  ap- 
pointment for  him  would  be  gratefully  acknowledged 
both  by  himself  and  connections  vrho  are  highly  respect- 
able ;  his  Brother  the  Eevd.  Patrick  AYalsh  of  this  city  is 
at  present  head  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  Louisiana  and 
has  been  recommended  to  the  pope  as  a  Suitable  char- 
acter for  Bishop  thereof.  If  young  Mr.  Y^alsh  should 
receive  a  commission,  it  would  be  highly  gratifying  to 
him  to  b.e  annexed  to  one  of  the  companies  stationed  in 
this  city.  I  pray  you  to  excuse  this  Liberty,  and  believe 
me  to  be 

With  great  respect  &  Esteem 
Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)  Y^illiam  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Henry  Dearborn 
Secretary  of  War 

^  Claiborne's  regard  and  affection  for  the  French  of  Louisiana  never 
failed. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  241 

To  Col.  BellecJiasse. 

New  Orleans  7th  July  1804 

I  have  the  honor  to  forAvard  to  yon  the  commissions 
for  the  Milita  Officers. 

You  are  instructed  to  establish  the  grade  of  the  offi- 
cers according  to  their  former  rank.     If  any  names  have 
been  omitted  in  the  commissions,  or  improperly  inserted, 
I  would  thank  you  to  advise  me  thereof  in  order,  that 
the  error  may  be  corrected,  or  the  omission  Supplied. 
With  respect  &  Esteem  I  am  Sir 
Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Colonel  Bellechasse 
Commandant  of  the  Militia 


To  James  Pilot. 

New  Orleans  9th  July  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality 
Gentlemen, 

I  beg  you  to  do  me  the  justice  to  believe  that  nothing 
but  the  multiplicit}''  of  business  Avhicli  of  Late  has 
pressed  upon  me  could  so  Long  have  delayed  my  reply 
to  your  Several  Letters  of  the  9th  14th  18th  and  21st 
Ultimo. 

I  highly  approve  of  the  persons  recommended  by  you 
to  complete  the  Board  of  health,  and  send  you  enclosed 
their  commissions.  Your  prompt  enquiry  relative  to 
Mr.  Marigneys  Canal  &  the  obstructions  occasioned 
thereby  to  the  pass  into  the  Bayou  St.  John  is  proof  of 

11—16 


242  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

your  vigilant  attention  to  whatever  concerns  the  public 
good.  The  subject  is  an  important  one,  and  I  have 
thought  proper  to  transfer  the  consideration  thereof,  to 
the  constituted  authorities  that  will  be  organized  in  Lou- 
isiana on  the  first  of  October  next. 

Your  Arrete  of  the  20th  June  (in  regard  to  Physi- 
cians) I  consider  as  more  immediately  belonging  to  the 
police  of  the  city.  The  Municipal  Council  will  therefore 
take  such  measures,  relative  thereto  as  they  in  their 
wisdom  may  think  proper. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  sentiments  of  Esteem 
&  respect 

Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
James  Pitot  Esqre. 
Mayor 


New  Orleans  12  July  1804 
General  Orders. — 

The  Colonel  Commandant  of  the  Militia  Bellechasse 
is  charged  with  compleating  the  organization  of  the  Mil- 
itia of  New  Orleans.  All  free  mail  persons  therefore, 
(as  shall  be  notified  of  the  same  by  order  of  the  Com- 
mandant) are  required  to  attend  at  such  time  &  place  as 
shall  be  appointed  for  the  purpose  of  being  formed  into 
companies  &c 

Such  citizens  as  are  by  Law  exempt  from  Militia 
Service  will  be  duly  informed  thereof  and  their  names 
erased  from  the  List. 

The  Colonel  Commandant  will  report  to  the  com- 
mander in  chief  the  names  of  all  such  citizens  as  shall 
neglect  to  appear  in  conformity  to  orders,  and  in   all 


'   LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       243 

cases  where  good  excuses  are  not  offered,  such  fine  will 
be  imposed  as  the  Law  directs. 

By  Order  of  the  Commander  in  chief 
(Signed)  Joseph  Faurie, 

Aid  de  camp 


To  Capt.  Nicoll. 

New  Orleans  12  July  1804 
Sir, 

I  wish  that  you  would  inform  the  captains  of  all  Ves- 
sels inward  bound,  that  it  is  expected  they  will  come  to, 
about  one  mile  below  this  City,  and  wait  a  visit  from 
the  committee  of  health : —  Their  strict  compliance  with 
this  request  will  probably  avoid  difficulty,  for  if  a  vessel 
should  approach  the  city  without  previous  examination 
by  the  board  of  Health  She  will  subject  herself  to  being 
ordered  below  and  there  compelled  to  perform  Quaran- 
tine 

With  Respect  &  Esteem! 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Capt.  Nicoll 
Commandant  at  Plaquemine 


To  Charles  De  Lateur. 

New  Orleans  12th  July  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  9th  Instant  rela- 
tive to  the  affair  between  one  Bister  and  Molier  a  free 
Mulatto.  You  are  requested  to  cause  the  parties  inter- 
ested in  this  dispute  to  come  before  you  and  to  endeav- 
our to  settle  it  in  an  Amicable  way.     Should  this  be  im- 


244  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

practicable  however,  and  you  find  from  good  and  suffi- 
cient testimony  that  the  said  Bister  is  guilty  of  the  con- 
duct alledged  against  him  you  are  at  Liberty  to  fine  him 
in  Any  sum  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  applicable 
to  the  use  of  your  district. 

I  am  Sir  With  Sentiments  of  Esteem 

Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Charles  De  Lateur 
Commandant  below  the  river 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  12  July  1804 
Sir, 

The  Letter  Avhich  was  handed  to  a  printer  for  publi- 
cation inviting  a  meeting  of  the  free  people  of  Colour  for 
the  purpose  Memorializing  Congress  occasioned  an  in- 
quietude among  the  white  inhabitants  which  is  just  now 
beginning  to  subside.  The  Municipality  of  New  Orleans 
expressed  a  wish  that  I  should  punish  the  Mulatto  man 
who  handed  the  Letters  to  the  printer  with  great  Sever- 
ity, and  to  banish  the  author  of  the  Letter  (when  known) 
from  the  province.  I  thought  a  different  Conduct  the 
most  wise  and  prudent.  It  seemed  to  me  that  in  a  Coun- 
try where  the  negro  population  was  so  great  the  Less 
noise  that  was  made  about  this  occurance  the  better:  I 
Therefore  determined  to  send  for  a  few  of  the  most  in- 
fluential free  men  of  Colour  and  to  express  in  pointed 
terms  my  disapprobation  of  the  letter  to  the  printer  and 
of  their  contemplated  meeting.  I  accordingly  had  an  in- 
terview (in  the  presence  of  the  Mayor  of  the  city)  with 
nine  of  the  most  discreet  and  influential  men  of  Colour ; 
—  they  seemed  convinced  of  their  error,  declared  their 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       245 

intention  to  abandon  the  suggested  project,  gave  the 
most  unqualified  assurances,  of  their  friendly  pacific  dis- 
position, and  devoted  attachment  to  the  present  Govern- 
ment and  to  good  order.  I  did  not  make  any  exertions 
to  discover  the  Author  of  the  Letter:  I  thought  it  best 
he  should  not  (for  the  present)  be  known,  for  the  indig- 
nation of  the  white  inhabitants  was  so  roused,  that  the 
probability  is,  violent  outrages  on  his  person,  would  be 
offered.  I  remembered  that  the  events  which  have 
Spread  blood  and  desolation  in  St.  Domingo,  originated 
in  a  dispute  between  the  white  and  Mulatto  inhabitants, 
and  that  the  too  rigid  treatment  of  the  former,  induced 
the  Latter  to  seek  the  support  &  assistance  of  the  Ne- 
groes. 

I  believe  the  policy  I  have  observed  is  approved  of 
by  most  reflecting  men,  and  that  the  public  mind  is  be- 
coming tranquil.  At  present  I  am  well  assured,  there  is 
nothing  to  fear  either  from  the  Mulatto  or  Negro  popu- 
lation : —  but  at  some  future  period,  this  quarter  of  the 
Union  must  (I  fear)  experience  in  some  degree,  the  Mis- 
fortunes of  St.  Domingo,  and  that  period  will  be  has- 
tened if  the  people  should  be  indulged  by  congress  with 
a  continuance  of  the  African  Trade. 

African  Negroes  are  thought  here  not  to  be  danger- 
ous ;  but  it  ought  to  be  recollected  that  those  of  St.  Dom- 
ingo were  originally  from  Africa  and  that  Slavery 
Where  ever  it  exist  is  a  galling  yoke.  I  find  however 
that  an  almost  universal  sentiment  exist  in  Louisiana  in 
favour  of  the  African  traffic.  I  am  myself  Solicitous 
for  the  arival  of  the  first  of  October : —  Slaves  are  daily 
introduced  from  Africa,  many  direct  from  this  unhappy 
Country  and  others  by  way  of  the  west  India  Islands. 
All  vessels  with  slaves  on  bord  are  stopped  at  Plaque- 
mine,  and  are  not  permitted  to  pass  without  my  consent. 
This  is  done  to  prevent  the  bringing  in  of  Slaves  that 
have  been  concerned  in  the  insurrections  of  St.  Domingo ; 


246  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

but  while  any  importations  are  admitted,  many  bad 
characters  will  be  introduced.  The  citizens  of  Louisiana 
are  greatly  apprehensive  of  the  West  India  Negroes  but 
no  effectual  Stop  can  at  present  be  put  to  their  introduc- 
tion 

With  respect  and  esteem  I  am  Sir 
Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


To  Henry  Dearborn. 

New  Orleans  12  July  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  this  day  drawn  upon  you  in  favour  of  Joseph 
Briggs  or  order  for  eight  hundred  dollars  payable  at  six 
days  sight. 

I  have  drawn  upon  you  for  this  sum,  on  Account  of 
my  extra  compensation  as  governor  pro  tem:  of  Louisi- 
ana :  When  first  I  received  this  temporary  appointment, 
I  was  authorized  to  draw  upon  the  Secretary  of  War  at 
a  rate  not  exceeding  400  Dollars  per  Month  I  have 
Lately  been  advised  by  the  Secretary  of  State  that  my 
compensation  was  not  to  exceed  5000  dollars  per  annum 
including  my  salary  as  governor  of  the  Mississippi  Ter- 
ritory, but  no  mention  was  made  of  what  officer  I  was  to 
draw  on ;  of  course  it  seemed  to  me  correct  to  be  directed 
by  the  first  Letter  upon  the  subject. 

I  am  Sir  Very  Respectfully 
The  Honble.  Your  Obdt.  Servt. 

Henry  Dearborn        (Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Secretary  of  War 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       247 

To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  13  July  1804 
To  his  Excellency 

The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 
Sir 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  this  day,  in  which  you 
request  me  to  name  some  person  to  receive  the  effects  of 
a  certain  Freeman  Johnson  which  had  been  placed  in  de- 
posit by  order  of  the  former  Government  of  Louisiana. 

Understanding  that  Mr.  James  Profit  had  some  ac- 
quaintance with  the  said  Johnson,  and  his  relations,  I 
have  Solicited  him  to  take  the  effects  alluded  to  in  his 
care,  and  therefore  request  that  your  Excellency  would 
direct  the  same  to  be  delivered  to  that  Gentleman. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  esteem  &  consideration 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Tench  Coxe. 

New  Orleans  13  July  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  19th  May  has  been  duly  received : 
—  the  Consignment  of  the  36  copies  of  the  Laws  of  the 
United  States  has  also  arrived  in  good  order.  This  'in- 
teresting package  will  no  doubt  have  a  tendency  to  Unite 
our  citizens  in  support  of  a  Government  of  Laws  in  pref- 
erence to  that  of  individuals  will 

Accept  assurances  of  My  great  respect  and  Sincere 
esteem 

(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Tench  Coxe  Esqre. 
Purveyor  of  Public  Supplies 
Philadelphia 


248  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  14  July  1804 
Sir, 

I  enclose  you  the  Last  number  of  the  ''Moniteur" 
printed  in  this  city.  It  contains  an  account  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  a  number  of  citizens  who  had  assembled  for 
the  purpose  of  praying  Congress  for  redress  of  their 
grievances;  and  also  a  singular  publication  from  the 
Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  together  with  an  address  signed 
(as  is  said)  by  many  of  the  ancient  and  respectable  sub- 
jects of  Louisiana,  expressive  of  their  gratitude  for  the 
benevolent  acts  of  his  Catholic  Majesty,  and  of  contempt 
for  such  obscure  and  ungrateful  characters,  as  are  not 
penetrated  with  like  sentiments.  Thus  we  find  Sir  that 
some  of  these  Same  people,  who  are  signing  Memorials 
supplicating  Congress  for  all  the  blessings  of  a  free  Rep- 
resentative Government,  are  conveying  to  the  represen- 
tative of  a  King  a  testimony  of  their  gratitude  and  re- 
spect for  their  Late  despotic  Government. 

I  must  confess  I  have  viewed  with  an  eye  of  jealousy 
and  inquietude  the  Long  residence  of  the  Spanish  offi- 
cers among  us ;  the  Marquis  assumes  in  all  his  communi- 
cations Avith  me  the  title  of  commissioner  of  his  Cath- 
olic Majesty,  and  Morales  that  of  Intendant : —  When 
these  agents  of  Spain  will  retire  from  Louisiana  I  Know 
not  but  from  the  publications  in  the  enclosed  paper  you 
will  discover  an  ardent  Disposition  exists  to  excite  and 
perpetuate  in  the  district  a  grateful  recollection  of  the 
former  favours  of  his  Catholic  Majesty.  I  do  not  know 
what  inference  the  Marquis  wishes  to  be  drawn  from  the 
Language  used  towards  the  close  of  his  communication 
"et  pour  qu'a  L'avenis  il  puisses  en  resulter,  les  effects 
convenables"  and  I  am  not  certain  but  I  shall  solicit  an 
explanation. 

The  ''famous  libel"  published  in  the  Telegraphe  (en- 


:& 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       249 

closed)  Which  has  so  greatly  excited  the  sensibility  of 
the  Marquis  is  an  attack  not  against  the  King  of  Spain, 
but  against  the  former  Local  Government  of  Louisiana 
which  is  represented  as  having  been  despotic  &  unjust, 
I  wish  for  Myself,  all  the  foreign  agents  were  withdrawn 
from  Louisiana,  I  believe  this  district  is  at  this  time  the 
theatre  of  intrigue  as  well  for  the  satellites  of  France 
as  Spain,  and  that  the  political  discontents  which  exist 
are  fostered  and  encouraged  by  the  partizans  of  these 
two  powers/ 

I  am  Sir  With  respect  &  Esteem 
Your  obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)         William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P  S  The  first  meeting  of  the  Memorialist  was  on  the 

1st  of  July,  and  the  address  to  the  Marquis  is  of  the  same 
date,-  it  is  therefore  probable  the  occasion  of  that  as- 
semblage was  embraced  to  procure  signatures  to  this 
adulatory  address. 

The  Honble.  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  16  July  1804 
Sir, 

Scarcely  a  week  passes  by,  but  something  occurs  to 
create  anxiety,  and  to  occasion  me  trouble. 

On  yesterday  in  commemoration  of  the  destruction  of 
the  Bastile  a  number  of  Frenchmen  assembled  in  this  city 
to  pass  the  day  in  joy  and  Festivity;  they  hoisted  the 
french  flagg  and  sung  their  favourate  national  Songs. 

^  This  was  the  cause  of  most  of  Claiborne's  troubles  in  the  beginning 
of  his  administration. 


250  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOEIAL    AECHIVES. 

The  waving  of  the  flagg  excited  the  jealously  of  the 
Americans  and  it  required  some  address  to  prevent  their 
taking  it  down  by  violence:  they  were  told,  that  indul- 
gences of  a  similar  Kind  were  allowed  to  foreigners  in 
the  United  States  and  that  the  Americans  when  abroad 
very  frequently  on  the  4th  of  July  unfurled  the  Standard 
of  their  Country  and  drank  to  her  prosperity.  My  inter- 
ference had  the  desired  effect,  and  the  day  passed  away 
without  disturbance.  Many  years  will  elapse  before  the 
strong  partiality  of  the  Louisianians  for  their  Mother 
Country  will  be  effaced."  This  partiality  is  not  confined 
to  the  emigrants  from  France  it  seems  to  be  infused  more 
or  Less  into  all  the  descendants  of  Frenchmen. 
With  respect  &  Esteem 

Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
Signed  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


To  Col.  Freeman 

New  Orleans  16  July  1804 
Sir, 

Existing  circumstances,  and  the  great  Desire  I  have 
to  take  such  measures  as  may  conduce  to  the  peace  and 
prosperity  of  Louisiana,  make  it  necessary  that  I  should 
solicit  you  (if  the  state  of  the  service  will  possibly  per- 
mit) to  detach  a  subaltern  officer  &  16  or  20  Men  for  duty 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  to  be  stationed  at  the 
place  called  the  Balisex. 

I  will  in  a  day  or  two  name  to  you  by  Letter  the  par- 

*  Love   of  country,   custom   and    language   is  characteristic   of   the 
PYench  of  Louisiana  of  to-day. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  251 

ticular  duties  which  I  wish  this  officer  to  perform,  in  or- 
der that  you  may  issue  the  Necessary  orders. 

The  probablity  is  there  will  be  no  necessity  for  the 
detachment  remaining  at  the  Balize  longer  than  the 
Month  of  October  next. 

With  Respect  &  Esteem  I  am  Sir 
Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)         William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Lieut.  Colo.  Freeman 
Commg.  U.  S.  Troops 
New  Orleans 


■■    .  .  An  Ordinance 

Regulating  criminal  prosecutions 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne,  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory,  exercising  the  powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral &  Intendant  of  the  province  of  Louisiana. 
1st.  Be  it  ordained,  that,  from  and  after  the  passing  of 
this  Ordinance,  no  free  person  shall  be  imprisoned  in 
the  jail  of  this  city,  for  any  offence  but  upon  good 
cause  she^\Ti  to  some  one  or  more  of  the  justices  of  the 
court  of  pleas  of  said  city,  who  shall  upon  a  careful 
enquiry  into  the  offence  charged  &  an  examination  of 
the  evidence  &  circumstances  of  the  case,  issue  his  or 
their  warrant  or  order,  in  writing,  in  which  warrant 
or  order  the  offence  charged  Shall  be  distinctly  and 
Specifically  Stated,  directed  to  a  constable  or  other 
proper  officer  connnanding  him  to  make  such  connnit- 
ment  or  imprisonment.  And  it  shall  moreover  be  the 
duty  of  such  officer  when  he  makes  such  commitment 
to  Leave  with  the  jailor  or  keeper  of  the  Public  pris- 
on, a  certified  copy  of  the  warrant  or  order  aforesaid. 


252  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

2nd.  And  be  it  further  ordained,  that  in  all  cases  where 
any  person  is  charged  with  the  commission  of  an  of- 
fence before  any  magistrate  having  competent  Au- 
thority to  try  the  same,  and  to  inflict  an  adequate 
punishment  in  case  the  person  thus  charged  be  con- 
victed. It  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  magistrates  im- 
mediately to  proceed  to  the  trial  of  the  same,  and 
upon  conviction  of  the  person  thus  charged  to  Sen- 
tence him  to  the  punishment  which  the  Law  allows 
or  prescribes  ;- 

And  when  ever  imprisonment  shall  be  the  punish- 
ment or  part  of  the  punishment  inflicted  by  such  sen- 
tence, the  term  of  such  imprisonment  Shall  be  speci- 
fied ;  and  the  proper  officer  charged  with  carrying  into 
effect  such  sentence  shall  receive  from  the  Magistrate 
or  Magistrates  a  specification  of  the  same  sentence 
under  their  hands  &  seals,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
such  officers  to  furnish  the  jailor  or  keeper  of  the  pub- 
lic prison  into  whose  custody  the  convict  shall  be  de- 
livered, with  a  certified  copy  of  the  same. 

3d.  And  Be  it  further  Ordained,  that,  when  any  person 
shall  be  Committed  to  prison  for  an  offence  beyaund 
the  cognizance  of  the  Magistrates,  the  Magistrate 
committing  such  persons  shall  forward  to  the  attorney 
General  a  copy  of  the  examinations  by  him  taken  on 
oath  in  the  premises  and  the  names  and  as  nearly  as 
may  be  ascertained,  the  usual  residence  of  the  wit- 
nesses necessary  to  the  prosecution  together  with  a 
copy  of  the  commitment,  to  the  end  that,  the  attorney 
General  be  enabled  to  prosecute  such  offenders  with 
as  much  promptitude  as  justice  may  require ;  to  cause' 
notice  to  be  given  to  the  prisoner  of  the  place  and 
time  of  his  trial  that  he  may  have  an  opportunity  of 
preparing  for  his  defence,  and  procuring  such  evi- 
dence, as  if  innocent  may  be  necessary  to  his  exculpa- 
tion.    Provided  nothing  in  this  ordinance  shall  be 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       253 

construed  to  deprive  the  nightly  patrole  established 
in  the  city  of  the  powers  which  they  at  present  pos- 
sess, or  in  any  way  to  change  the  present  police  of  the 
city  or  the  regulations  in  force  relative  to  slaves. 
Given  Under  my  hand,  and  the  seal  of  the  adminis- 
tration at  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  the  sixteenth  day  of 
July  1804  and  in  the  29th  year  of  the  Independence  of 
the  United  States. 

(Signed)         William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
By  the  Governor 
Jos.  Briggs 
P.  Secrty. 


New  Orleans  17th  July  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality 
Gentlemen 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
favor  of  the  16th  instant  enclosing  a  communication  rela- 
tive to  the  dispute  between  Mr.  Gravier'  and  the  city  of 
New  Orleans,^  Permit  me  Gentlemen  on  this  Occasion  to 
repeat  to  you  the  approbation  which  your  Laudible  ex- 
ertions for  the  interests  of  Our  City  and  the  prosperity 
and  happiness  of  its  inhabitants  have  so  often  Merited. 

I  am  with  sentiments  of  high  Esteem  and  consid- 
eration. 

(Signed)         William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P.  S.         I  am  now  busily  engaged  in  preparing  instruc- 
tions relative  to  the  introduction  of  Slaves  &c. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

*  John  Gravier. 

'The  beginning  of  the  Batture  Affair  between  Edward  Livingston 
and  the  City  of  New  Orleans.    See  Fortier,  Vol.  3,  p.  53. 


254  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Col.  Freeman 

New  Orleans  17th  July  1804 
Sir, 

In  consequence  of  some  late  fraudulent  practises 
against  the  Revenue  below  Plaquemine  and  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  the  collector  of  the  district  has 
been  induced  to  station  an  Inspector  at  the  Balize  and  as 
it  is  very  probable,  he  may  in  the  execution  of  his  duty 
meet  with  opposition  from  disorderly  &  fraudulent  men, 
I  request  that  you  would  be  so  obliging  as  to  give  orders 
to  the  officer  Commanding  the  Troops  at  the  Balize  to  co- 
operate with  the  inspector  in  all  measures  for  the  preven- 
tion of  fraud  and  the  security  of  the  revenue. 

There  is  an  other  duty  which  I  must  request  you  to 
exact  from  the  officer.  Previous  to  the  arrival  of  the 
period  when  by  the  Law  of  congress  the  importation  of 
Slaves  into  Louisiana  will  be  prohibited,  there  is  no 
doubt,  but  exertions  will  be  used  to  bring  hither  as  great 
a  number  as  possible  of  that  description  of  persons  with- 
out regard  to  their  characters ;  perhaps  many  of  the  ref- 
use negroes  of  the  English  Islands  may  be  imported  and 
even  some  of  the  brigands  of  St.  Domingo.  The  precau- 
tions heretofore  observed  at  Fort  Plaquemine  have  not 
proved  effectual ;  the  vigilance  of  the  meritorious  officers 
at  that  post  (and  my  own)  has  been  evaded,  and  Specu- 
lators and  others  have  found  means  (either  by  passing 
the  Fort  in  the  night,  concealment  in  the  hold  of  the  Ves- 
sel, or  answering  falsely  to  Questions)  to  introduce  into 
this  Province  Negroes  whose  characters  and  conduct 
have  given  serious  alarm  to  the  good  inhabitants.  While 
therefore  the  introduction  of  African  Slaves  will  be  per- 
mitted untill  the  Act  of  congress  shall  operate,  I  am  per- 
ticularly  desirous  to  exclude  those  Slaves  who  (from  Late 
habits)   are  accustomed  to  blood  and  devastation,  and 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       255 

whose  counsel  &  communication  with  our  present  Black 
population  may  be  pregnant  with  much  future  Mischief. 

May  I  request  therefore  that  the  officer  at  the  Balize 
be  instructed  "to  board  the  different  vessels  passing  up 
the  Mississippi;  ascertain  the  number  of  Negroes  on 
board  from  whence  they  came,  the  name  of  names  of  the 
owner  or  owners,  or  the  person  to  whom  consigned  and 
that  he  report  the  same  to  the  officer  commanding  at 
Plaquemine. ' '  It  may  happen  that  at  all  times  it  will  not 
be  in  the  power  of  the  officer  to  bord  a  vessel  and  in  this 
case  a  report  to  him  from  the  captain  of  such  vessel  will 
be  Satisfactory"  It  is  expected  that  an  express  boat  for 
the  conveyance  of  Letters  will  shortly  pass  between  the 
Balize  and  this  city,  but  untill  this  arrangement  is  made, 
it  is  presumed  that  communications  between  the  officers 
at  Plaquemine  and  the  Balize  may  be  forwarded  with 
safety  either  by  Vessels  or  Passengers  passing  up  and 
down  the  river. 

I  shall  advise  the  Pilots  at  the  Balize  of  the  instruc- 
tions to  the  officer  relative  to  vessels,  and  instruct  them 
to  conform  thereto. 

In  consequence  of  the  Stationing  of  the  detachment 
at  the  Balize,  I  must  ask  the  favour  of  you  to  give  some 
additional  instructions  to  the  officer  at  Plaquemine  and 
which  I  will  name  to  you  (very  shortly)  in  a  Letter. 

I  am  sorry  to  make  of  you  any  request  which  will  di- 
vide your  command,  and  increase  the  duty  which  is  al- 
ready devolving  upon  the  Military,  but  the  great  Solici- 
tude of  the  citizens  upon  the  subject  of  Negroes  &  the 
necessity  there  is  for  a  temporary  post  at  the  Balize  must 
plead  my  apology. 

I  am  Sir  With  Respect  &  Consideration 
Yor  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)         William  C.  C,  Claiborne 
Lt.  Col.  Freeman 
Commg.  U.  S.  Troops  N.  Orleans 


256  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Mayor  of  N -Orleans 

Sir, 

I  pray  you  to  lay  before  the  Municipality  the  enclos- 
ed communication  from  Doctor  Scott  with  the  accompany- 
ing certificates  from  several  respectable  Gentlemen  of 
the  faculty  by  which  it  appears  that  the  doctor  has  been 
so  fortunate  as  to  introduce  into  our  city  at  this  oppor- 
tune period,  the  Genuine  Vaccine  disease.  It  is  neces- 
sary for  me  to  urge  what  humanity  so  strongly  dictates 
-  the  propriety  of  a  recommendation  to  the  citizens  from 
the  Municipality  to  discontinue  the  small  pox  innocula- 
tion  in  order  to  introduce  the  safe,  sure  and  mild  substi- 
tute of  vaccination. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be.  Very  Respectfully 
Your  Obdt,  Servt. 
Signed  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

New  Orleans 
18  July  1804 


New  Orleans  18  July  1804 
To  Captain  Johnson  1st  Pilot  at  the  Balize 

Sir, 

The  officer  commanding  the  detachment  of  Troops  at 
the  Balize  has  been  instructed  to  visit  every  vessel  en- 
tering the  mouth  of  the  river  and  to  ascertain  the  number 
of  Negroes  on  board  or  to  receive  a  report  of  the  same  on 
shore  from  the  Captain  or  Commander  of  Such  vessel. 
It  is  expected  therefore,  that  you  will  co-operate  with  the 
officer  in  the  execution  of  his  duty,  and  that  the  com- 
mander of  no  Vessel  will  refuse  a  compliance  with  a  reg- 
ulation which  the  interest  of  this  Province  peremptorily 
demands. 

The  emportation  of  African  Slaves  will  be  permitted 
untill  the  1st  of  October  next,  but  I  am  particularly  de- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       257 

sirous  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  any  of  the  brigands 
of  St.  Domingo,  or  the  refuse  Negroes  of  the  West  India 
Islands;-  The  vigilance  heretofore  observed  has  been 
evaded,  and  speculators  &  others  have  found  means  to 
bring  hither  many  dangerous  Characters :  hence  the  ne- 
cessity of  further  precautions  and  I  request  that  you 
would  Communicate  from  time  to  time  such  informa- 
tion upon  this  subject,  as  you  may  suppose  may  assist 
the  object  in  view. 

I  am  informed  that  Negroes  belonging  to  persons  re- 
siding in  this  city  and  its  vicinity  often  escape  from  the 
service  of  their  Masters  and  by  concealing  themselves  on 
board  of  Vessels  (sometimes  by  the  connivance  of  the 
Captain  or  Crew)  pass  out  of  the  province.  I  wish  you 
would  endeavor  to  prevent  for  the  future  like  practises, 
and  in  all  instances  where  you  can  detect  such  runaway 
Slaves,  arrest  &  secure  the  same  at  the  Balize. 

I  can  hardly  presume  that  a  person  entrusted  with  the 
command  of  a  vessel  can  so  far  deviate  from  the  charac- 
ter of  a  Gentleman  as  to  assist  in  facilitating  the  escape 
of  a  servant  from  the  service  of  his  Master ;  I  therefore 
rely  with  confidence  that  Masters  of  Vessels  will  with 
Promptitude  and  pleasure  Surrender  to  you  such  run- 
aways. 

It  being  necessary  at  this  season  of  the  year  to  guard 
with  vigilance  the  health  of  New  Orleans  it  is  determined 
that  no  vessel  shall  be  permitted  to  approach  the  city  Un- 
till  she  has  been  visited  by  the  Physician  of  the  port,  or 
the  board  of  health,  and  declared  free  from  Contagion; 
you  mil  therefore  inform  the  commanders  of  vessels  of 
this  regulation  and  instruct  them  to  come  to  at  or  near 
the  first  point  below  the  City  and  there  receive  the  visit. 
A  Strict  compliance  with  this  regulation  will  be  enforced. 

There  is  an  ordinance  of  the  Municipality  which  di- 
rects every  stranger  within  twenty  four  hours  after  his 

11—17 


258  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

arrival  at  New  Orleans  to  report  himself  at  the  office  of 
the  Mayor   of  the   cit}^    You   will   be   pleased  to  make 
Known  this  ordinance  to  passengers  on  their  entering  the 
river  in  order  that  they  may  conform  thereto. 
I  am  Sir  very  respectfully 
Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  AYm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  You  will  be  pleased  to  communicate  this  letter 

to  the  Pilots  generally,  and  take  care  that  its  contents 
are  complied  with.  AYhen  a  runaway  is  arrested  a  reas- 
onable compensation  will  l^e  made  by  the  Owner  to  the 

^'^^^-  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Col.  Freeman 

^.  New  Orleans  19th  July  1804 

oir, 

The  duty  required  of  the  officer,  who  shall  be  station- 
ed at  the  Balize  renders  it  necessary  that  he  should  be 
supplied  with  a  barge  and  I  suppose  there  can  be  no  im- 
propriety in  directing  the  Military  agent  to  supply  one. 
When  the  detachment  is  removed  from  the  Balize  which 
I  suppose  will  certainlj^  be  in  October  next  (perhaps 
sooner)  the  Barge  will  be  useful  at  Plaquemine  or  if  in- 
deed it  should  be  no  Longer  wanting  I  presume  a  sale 
thereof  might  immediately  be  made  without  Loss. 

I  do  not  know,  that  there  are  cannon  at  the  Balize; 
but  if  there  should  be,  they  belong  to  the  Spaniards  &  will 
shortly  be  removed:-  I  presume  therefore  (if  the  same 
can  be  spared)  it  would  be  advisable  to  forward  to  the 
Balize  one  small  peice  of  Ordinance  from  this  city. 
With  Respect  &  Esteem  I  am  Sir 
Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Lt.  Colo.  Freeman 
Commg.  U.  S.  Troops 
New  Orleans 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        259 

An  Ordinance 

Defining  more  particularly  the  Powers  of  the  Muni- 
cipality 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory  exercising  the  powers  of  Governor  Gen- 
eral and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana. 

Be  it  Ordained  that,  the  Municipality  shall  as  hereto- 
fore have  full  authority  &  it  shall  be  their  duty,  to  regu- 
late by  Ordinance  or  other  wise,  the  police  of  the  city  of 
New  Orleans  &  the  suburbs  thereof. 

To  collect  and  appropriate  the  Lawful  revenues  of  the 
same;  to  License  &  regulate  Taverns  &  places  of  Public 
resort  or  amusement;  to  preserve,  repair,  and  improve 
the  edifices  &  public  squares  belonging  to  the  City  &  also 
the  Levees,  Streets  &  highways  witJiin  its  Limits  to  make 
&  ordain  regulations  for  the  preservation  of  the  health 
of  the  City;  to  provide  for  the  abatement  of  Nuisances 
the  relief  of  the  poor  and  the  subsistance  of  Prisoners 
confined  for  public  offences  conmiitted  within  the  Limits 
of  New  Orleans. 

Given  under  my  hand  the  Seal  of  the  administration 
at  the  city  of  New  Orleans  the  21st  Day  of  July  1804  and 
in  the  29th  year  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States. 
L.  S.  (Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

By  the  Governor 
Jos.  Briggs 

P.  Secy. 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 

g.^  New  Orleans  21st  July  1804 

Your  Excellencys  Letter  of  May  23  was  duly  received 
together  with  sundry  documents  of  accounts  &  suits  ad- 
justed &  Determined  by  the  contador,  of  the  Armies,  Mr. 
Juan  V.  Morales  of  A  nature  interesting  to  the  repre- 


260  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

sentatives  and  creditors  of  the  Late  Colo.  Maxent,  as  also 
thirty  seven  Dollars  and  five  bits  being  the  sum  remain- 
ing to  be  divided  among  the  Creditors  of  the  said  Maxent. 

In  compliance  with  your  Excellencys  wish  I  have  the 
honor  to  inform  you,  that  the  above  documents  will  be 
deposited  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Municipali- 
t}'',  where  recourse  may  be  had  to  them  by  all  parties  con- 
cerned ;  &  that  the  thirty  seven  dollars  &  five  bits  will  be 
committed  to  the  care  of  the  city  Treasurer. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  &  Esteem 

Signed  "William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  Henry  Dearborn 

^.  New  Orleans  23  July  1804 

bir, 

Permit  me  to  introduce  to  your  acquaintance  Captain 
Duncan  Late  of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  but  now  of  this 
city. 

Captain  Duncan  is  the  officer  who  furnished  a  com- 
pany of  the  Mississippi  Militia  (that  descended  to  this 
city  in  December  Last)  with  Uniform  and  concerning 
ivhicli  I  wrote  you  fully  in  my  official  Letter  of  the  22nd 
of  March  Last. 

I  again  give  it  as  my  opinion,  that  the  cloathing  fur- 
nished by  Captain  Duncan  was  essential  to  the  comfort 
of  the  men,  and  I  should  feel  happy  if  his  expences  could 
be  reimbursed  him  by  the  government. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  respect  &  Esteem 
Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
Henry  Dearborn 
Secretary  of  War 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       261 

To  James  Pilot 

New  Orleans  23  July  1804 

To  the  Mayor  &  Municipality 
Gentlemen 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
communication  relative  to  the  highways,  public  squares, 
and  other  property  belong) iig  to  the  City  of  New  Orleans, 
and  to  inform  you  that,  the  same  has  been  communi- 
cated to  the  sheriff,  with  instructions  not  to  sell  or  cause 
to  be  sold  any  of  the  property  alluded  to 

I  am  with  Sentiments  of  Esteem  and  Consideration 
Your  most  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Pitot  Esqre, 
Mayor 


To  James  Pitot 

New  Orleans  25  July  1804 
To  the  Mayor  &  Municipality 
Gentlemen, 

From  the  variety  of  objects  which  will  Claim  the  at- 
tention of  the  Board  of  Health,  the  importance  of  their 
services  at  this  critical  season  of  the  year,  and  the  heavy 
duty  which  must  attach  to  each  member,  I  take  the  liber- 
ty to  suggest  for  the  consideration  of  the  Municipality 
the  propriety  of  adding  four  other  members  to  that 
Board.  If  the  Municipality  should  determine  that  this 
further  provision  is  advisible,  I  will  thank  them  to  men- 
tion to  me,  the  names  of  such  Citizens  as  they  would  wish 
appointed. 

I  am  Gentlemen  very  respectfully 
Your  Obdt.  Seryt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Pitot  Esqre. 
Mavor 


262  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Capt.  Nicoll 

New  Orleans  25  July  1804 
Sir, 

To  guard  against  frauds  on  tlu^  revenue,  and  to  assist 
in  our  endeavours  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  danger- 
ous Negroes  into  this  Province,  Lieut.  Re^aiolds  with  20 
men  has  at  my  request,  been  ordered  by  Colo.  Freeman  to 
the  Balize ;-  the  Lieut,  is  from  time  to  time  to  report  to 
and  through  you  he  will  receive  his  further  orders. 

Your  vigilance  and  General  conduct  as  an  officer  are 
highly  pleasing  to  me,  but  it  has  been  discovered  that 
some  of  the  Brigands  from  St.  Domingo  have  heretofqre 
been  Landed  below  Plaquemine  and  introduced  Clandes- 
tinely into  this  City,  to  prevent  a  repetition  of  such  eva- 
sion, a  post  is  to  be  maintained  temporarily  at  the  Balize. 

It  is  expected  (as  heretofore)  that  every  vessel  with 
slaves  on  board  will  be  halted  at  Plaquemine,  examined 
and  the  slaves  detained  until  my  permission  for  their 
passing  is  acquired.  The  report  of  Lent.  Renolds  will 
enable  you,  to  ascertain  wheather  any  part  of  the  crew 
has  been  Landed  below  Plaquemine;  and  in  every  in- 
stance, I  wish  you  would  state  to  me,  wheather  on  the 
arrival  of  the  Vessel  at  Plaquemine  the  number  of  the 
Negroes  on  board,  their  description,  Character  &c  ac- 
cord with  the  statement  you  received  from  Lent.  Rey- 
nolds. 

Of  late  mau}^  Negroes  of  this  City  have  escaped  from 
the  service  of  their  Masters  and  the  general  opinion 
seems  to  be,  that  they  are  secreted  in  vessels  going  to 
Sea;  you  will  therefor  render  a  service  to  the  citizens 
here  if  you  would  direct  one  of  your  Serjeants  to  visit 
each  vessel  decending  the  river  and  to  make  enquiry  of 
the  captain  thereof,  wheather  he  has  observed  any  Ne- 
groes not  belonging  to  the  crew  on  board,  and  in  all  cases, 
where  a  runaway  is  discovered,  to  arrest  and  secure  him 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        263 

in  tlie  fort ;  I  have  understood  that  runaways  sometimes 
conceal  themselves  on  board  vessels  without  the  Knowl- 
edge of  any  of  the  crew,  and  at  other  times,  by  the  con- 
nivance of  some  of  the  sailors,  and  that  after  being  dis- 
covered by  the  Captain  having  no  opportunity  to  return 
them  to  their  Masters,  they  are  permitted  to  continue  on 
their  Passage. —  the  Serjeant  detecting  a  runaway  may 
be  permitted  to  charge  eight  dollars,  and  one  ration  a 
day  may  be  furnished  such  runaway  (at  20  cents)  all 
which  will  be  reimbursed  by  the  Owner. 

There  is  a  Late  ordinance  of  the  Municipality  which 
directs  that  every  stranger  coming  to  New  Orleans  shall 
within  24  hours  after  his  arrival  report  himself  at  the 
office  of  the  Mayor  of  the  city.  I  will  thank  you  to  give 
this  information  to  such  Gentlemen  coming  by  Sea,  to 
New  Orleans,  as  may  call  at  Plaquemine  in  order  that 
they  may  conform  thereto. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  &  Esteem 

(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Captain  Nicoll 
Commanding  at  Plaquemines 


To  James  Pitot 

New  Orleans  25  July  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality 
Gentlemen, 

Lent.  Reynolds,  with  a  serjeant.  Corporal  &  twenty 
men  are  posted  at  the  Balize  and  such  orders  have  been 
given  that  officer  as  will  tend  to  prevent  in  future  the  in- 
troduction of  dangerous  Negroes  into  this  Province  — 
additional  instructions  have  also  been  given  upon  this 
subject,  to  the  conmiandant  at  Plaquemines,  &  to  the  Pi- 


264  MISSISSIPPI    TEKRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

lots  at  the  month  of  the  river.  Every  Vessel  ascending 
the  Mississippi  Avill  be  visited  by  the  officer  at  the  Balize, 
and  the  number  of  negroes  on  board,  their  description 
and  character,  from  whence  they  came,  the  name  of  their 
owner,  or  to  whom  Consigned,  are  to  be  ascertained,  and 
reported.  All  Vessels  also  (as  formerly)  ^vill  be  brought 
to  and  examined  at  Plaquemines  and  the  Negroes  detain- 
ed untill  my  permission  for  their  passing  is  obtained,  and 
in  no  instance  are  slaves  to  be  admitted  into  the  city,  un- 
till they  shall  be  previously  visited  by  a  committee  of  the 
Municipality. 

Upon  the  subject  of  runawa^^s  the  necessary  orders 
have  also  issued  and  I  hope  the  Practise  of  taking  slaves 
from  Louisiana  by  the  way  of  the  river  will  soon  cease. 
Accept  assurances  of  my  Esteem  &  Respect 

(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Pitot  Esqre. 
Mayor  . 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 

New  Orleans  25  July  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  Excellencys  let- 
ter accompanying  a  judgement  given  by  the  court  of  Pu- 
erto Principo  in  favour  of  Mr.  William  Despau  in  a  cause 
between  despau  &  Duplessis  and  have  to  observe  to  your 
Excellency  that  exceptions  having  been  taken  to  the  said 
judgement  by  Duplessis  it  becomes  my  Duty  not  to  carry 
the  same  into  execution  untill  it  has  been  regularly  ex- 
amined before  the  tribunals  of  this  country.  Mr.  Despau 
then  must  commence  his  prosecution  anew  and  will  do 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       265 

well  to  produce  the  judgement  of  the  Court  of  Puerto 
Principo  as  evidence  in  the  case 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  Sentiments  of  the  highest 
Consideration 

Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 

New  Orleans  25  July  1804 
Sir, 

It  is  with  concern,  I  feel  myself  impelled  by  a  sense 
of  my  Public  duties,  to  express  to  your  Excellency  my 
regret  on  the  perusal  of  your  Late  publication  in  the 
Monetiur,  No  422,  and  to  suggest  however  honorably  in- 
tended, that  it  may  have  a  political  tendency,  the  extent 
of  which  you  may  not  perhaps  be  fully  aware  of. 

The  warmth  of  your  Zeal  for  the  honor  of  your  King 
&  Country,  I  cannot  but  applaud,  nor  can  I  avoid  censur- 
ing any  aspersions  against  the  ally  of  the  United  States, 
His  Catholic  Majesty :  permit  me  also  to  add,  that  I  by 
no  means  object  to  endoavours  on  the  part  of  your  Ex- 
cellency to  Keep  alive  among  the  people  here  a  just  sense 
of  the  obligations  they  are  under  to  the  Spanish  Govern- 
ment and  its  officers;  but  I  must  express  a  wish,  that 
under  the  guise  of  gratitude  to  the  late  Administration 
of  the  province,  that  no  Sentiment  may  be  inculcated 
that  may  tend  to  weaken  the  present  and  permanent  al- 
legiance of  the  Country. 

Vague  and  groundless  reports  have  long  been  in  cir- 
culation, that,  Louisiana,  or  rather  a  Large  portion  of  it, 
will  by  some  means  or  other  shortly  return  under  the  do- 


266  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

minion  of  Spain,  and  I  have  learned  with  uneasiness  that 
your  Excellencys  Letter,  and  particularly  the  Last  Sen- 
tence of  it,  has  been  understood  by  some  as  a  conforma- 
tion of  these  reports.  Speaking  of  the  gratitude  of  the 
Louisianians  to  the  King  of  Spain,  you  observe,  that,  '4n 
the  future  it  may  have  the  convenient  effects,"  and  here 
you  must  excuse  me.  If  I  confess,  that  it  is  with  difficulty 
I  can  put  any  other  construction  on  this  passage  than  of 
its  holding  out  an  Idea,  that  expressions  of  attachment 
to  the  Spanish  Government  at  this  time,  may  at  some  fu- 
ture period  be  useful  to  those  who  offer  them;  but 
wheather  this  Utility  is  expected  to  be  of  a  political  Cast 
or  not,  is  unfortunately  left  to  the  conjecture  of  the  read- 
er. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  Esteem  &  Consideration 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  25  July  1804 
Sir, 

In  my  letter  of  the  14th  Instant,  enclosed  you  a  copy 
of  the  Monetiur  (No.  422)  containing  an  address  from  a 
number  of  the  citizens  of  Louisiana  to  the  Marquis  of 
Casa  Calvo  accompanied  by  certain  remarks  from  the 
Marquis  the  enclosed  No.  1  is  a  literal  translation  of  the 
remarks  of  the  Marquis,  and  that  No.  2  is  a  copy  of  a  Let- 
ter which  I  this  day  addressed  to  him. 

An  opinion  prevails  among  the  inhabitants  West  of 
the  Mississippi,  that  they  are  shortly  to  return  to  the 
dominion  of  Spain,  and  the  Marquis's  Letter  has  tended 
to  strengthen  this  opinion,  I  may  add  Sir,  that  reports  to 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       267 

the  same  effect  are  daily  cerculated  by  the  inferior  offi- 
cers and  agents  of  Spain,  and  they  have  so  far  acquired 
credit,  as  to  Lessen  in  some  degree  the  respect  of  the 
people  for  the  authorities  of  the  United  States. 

The  Marquis  continues  to  style  himself  commissioner 
of  his  Catholic  Majesty;  has  stationed  at  his  Lodgings  a 
guard  of  Spanish  Soldiers  and  seems  to  view  himself  en- 
titled to  all  the  respect  due  a  high  diplomatic  character. 
In  a  former  Letter,  I  requested  your  opinion  how  far,  it 
would  be  proper  in  me  to  recognize  the  Marquis  as  a  pub- 
lic agent,  and  I  again  solicit  your  advice  upon  this  sub- 
ject. The  Marquis  is  an  agreeable  man,  an  hitherto  there 
has  existed  between  us,  the  most  friendly  understanding ; 
but  I  must  confess,  that  I  wish  his  departure  from  the 
province.  While  he  remains  in  Orleans,  the  ancient  citi- 
zens of  Louisiana,  will  look  up  to  him  as  a  kind  of  chief ; 
his  counsel  will  be  resorted  to  &  this  will  serve  to  Keep 
alive  among  the  inhabitants  that  attachment  for  their 
former  Masters,  which  I  am  sorry  to  observe  is  very  sin- 
cere, and  much  more  general,  than  I  had  heretofore  sup- 
posed. 

I  am  with  respect  &  Esteem 

Your  Obt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secrty.  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  25  July  1804 
Sir, 

On  this  afternoon,  I  received  by  express  from  Captain 
Turner  a  dispach,  of  which  the  enclosures  are  copies. 
Nothing  can  be  more  certain,  than  that  the  possession  of 


268  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  West  Bank  of  the  Mississippi  by  the  United  States 
is  a  source  of  discontent  to  the  officers  and  Sattellites  of 
the  Spanish  Monarchy  now  in  Louisiana,  and  I  Learn 
that  the  sensebilities  of  the  public  functionaries  in  the  in- 
terior provinces  of  Mexico  are  also  awakened  on  the  oc- 
cation:-  I  further  believe,  that  efforts  have  been  made, 
and  are  now  making,  to  desseminate  discontent,  and  to 
excite  among  the  Louisianians  a  spirit  of  disaffection  to 
the  American  Government ;  but  I  cannot  give  credence  to 
the  deposition  enclosed  by  Captain  Turner,  nor  do  I 
think  there  is  good  ground  to  fear  any  hostile  movements 
from  Nacogdoches  against  the  Post  of  Natchitoches.  I 
shall  however  instruct  Captain  Turner,  to  watch  with 
care  the  movements  of  his  Neighbors,  and  to  Keep  me 
regularly  advised  thereof;  to  train  and  discipline  the 
Militia  of  his  district;  to  Strengthen  the  works  of  the 
Fort,  and  in  the  event  of  an  attack  to  make  the  best  and 
most  obstinate  defence  which  his  means  will  permit. 

I  shall  request  Colo.  Freeman  to  forward  to  Captain 
Turner  a  supply  of  ammunition ;  but  to  reenf orce  the  gar- 
ison  of  Natchitoches  appears  to  me  under  existing  cir- 
cumstances highly  inexpedient.  In  the  first  place,  I  do 
not  believe,  that  any  hostile  measure  will  be  attempted, 
and  if  such  are  really  meditated  it  is  not  in  my  power  to 
send  such  reenforcement  as  would  give  security  to  the 
post.  If  indeed,  the  reports  at  Natchitoches  should  prove 
correct,  it  is  probable,  the  Spanish  troops  at  Pensacola 
may  also  act  offensivley  against  Louisiana,  and  in  this 
event  the  force  now  in  New  Orleans  is  not  more  than  suf- 
ficient for  its  security.    And  the  maintaining  possession 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       269 

of  this  capitol ;  I  conceive  (in  the  event  of  a  rupture  with 
Spain)  to  be  an  object  of  the  first  importance. 
I  am  Sir  with  Respect  &  Esteem 
Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secy,  of  State 


To  Francis  Co7inell 

g.^  New  Orleans  26  July  1804 

I  am  persuaded  that  upon  due  consideration  you  will 
think  with  me  that  John  Baptiste  Laurier  has  sufficiently 
suffered  for  the  offences  committed  in  the  affair  of  the 
exchange  of  horses,  by  the  Length  of  time  he  has  re- 
mained in  confinement.  I  Avish  you  therefore  to  liberate 
him,  charging  him  at  the  same  time  to  comport  himself 
with  that  decorum  which  good  government  requires. 
Should  there  be  any  difficulties  remaining  in  the  affair 
you  will  do  well  to  have  them  decided  by  arbitration  and 
transmit  to  me  the  result  thereof. 

I  am  with  Respect 
Your  Most  Obdt.  Servt. 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Francis  Connell 
Commandant  at  Iberville 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  26  July  1804 
Sir, 

I  enclose  you  a  paper  containing  a  Memorial  to  con- 
gress, of  which  I  have  heretofore  advised  you.  It  is 
generally  acknowledged,  that  Mr.  Edward  Livingston  is 


270  MISSISSIPPI    TEREITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  author  of  this  production,  and  indeed  he  himself 
avows  it;  Mr.  Daniel  Clark  is  to  carry  the  Memorial  to 
the  Several  districts  and  to  solicit  Signatures : —  he  sets 
out  on  his  mission  (I  Learn)  on  tomorrow,  and  proposes 
going  as  far  as  Natchitoches. 

There  is  no  doubt,  but  Mr.  Clark  may  obtain  Many 
Signers;  but  I  will  nevertheless  venture  to  predict,  that 
were  the  Memorialists  gratified  in  all  their  wishes,  much 
greater  discontent  would  prevail  in  Louisiana,  than  has 
hitherto  been  Manifested.  If  the  construction  of  the 
treaty  contended  for,  be  correct,  the  admission  of  Louisi- 
ana as  a  member  State  of  the  Union,  is  no  Longer  a 
question  of  policy;  but  if  the  period  of  that  admission 
rests  (as  I  veryly  believe  it  does)  on  the  discretion  of 
the  United  States,  I  shall  continue  in  the  opinion,  that 
Louisiana  ought  to  remain  (for  some  years)  a  Terri- 
torial district. 

The  Memorial  has  stated  correctly,  that  the  general 
Language  of  the  Country  is  French,  and  that  the  Citi- 
zens experience  inconvenience  for  want  of  a  Knowledge 
of  the  English  Language,  particularly  those  Avho  have 
business  with  the  Tribunals  of  justice : —  but  great  care 
has  been  taken  to  Lessen  and  remed}^  this  inconvenience : 
—  Nearly  all  the  justices  of  the  court  of  pleas  Speak  both 
Languages  and  there  is  a  gentleman  of  talents  and  in- 
tegrity always  attending  the  Governors  Court  as  an  In- 
terpreter :  he  is  a  salary  officer,  and  acts  under  Oath. 
Many  Subjects  are  introduced  into  the  Memorial,  in  or- 
der to  render  it  popular  here,  and  to  secure  it  a  favour- 
able reception  in  the  United  States;  but  some  of  the 
grievances  alluded  to,  have  in  fact  no  existance.  The 
writer  seems  to  be  solicitous  to  assimulate  the  political 
situation  of  Louisiana  to  that  of  the  United  States  pre- 
vious to  the  revolutionary  Avar,  and  to  adopt  the  Lan- 
guage of  the  patriots  of  76 : —  Hence  we  find  the  evils  of 
a  Military  Government,  of  dependent  judges  &c  enumer- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       271 

ated.  I  cannot  however  in  justice  to  my  own  character, 
omit  remarking,  that,  since  the  20th  of  December  Last, 
the  people  of  Louisiana  are  strangers  to  the  evils  of  Mil- 
itary Government.  I  assert  positively  that  the  army 
have  had  nothing  to  do  in  the  administration  of  the  prov- 
ince, nor  in  any  instance  have  they  acted,  but  when  called 
upon  in  support  of  the  civil  authority,  and  instances  of 
such  calls  are  very  rare,  and  never  extended  further 
than  for  a  file  of  sometimes  five  or  six  men  to  arrest 
some  disorderly  person,  who  resisted  a  warrant  or  sum- 
mons from  a  Magistrate.  I  might  ask  every  citizen  in 
the  province,  if  he  had  experienced  oppression  from  the 
Military,  and  I  should  be  answered  in  the  Negative.  The 
fact  is,  I  have  been  particularly  careful  to  prevent  any 
interference  of  the  Military,  with  the  civil  authority,  and 
any  insinuations  to  the  contrary  however  remote  or  in- 
direct it  may  be  I  must  repell.  I  shall  never  cease  to  be- 
lieve the  Louisianians  are  an  ameable,  well  disposed 
people,  but  I  fear  they  are  too  easily  influenced  by  the 
counsels  of  men  who  flatter  them.  My  o^^^l  opinion  is, 
that  the  idea  of  a  State  government  did  not  originate 
with  any  of  the  ancient  inhahitmits  of  Louisiana;  they 
wanted  the  privilege  of  electing  their  Legislative  Coun- 
cil, and  the  Slave  trade  opened  for  a  few  years; —  but 
more  important  rights  have  recently  been  claimed,  and 
their  zeal  and  enthusiasm  excited  to  a  great  degree.  I 
will  nevertheless,  offer  it  as  my  opinion,  that  the  peo- 
ple generally  (in  relation  to  their  government  will  be 
contented,  if  the  Second  Legislative  Council  is  made  elec- 
tive, and  I  think  myself,  that  if  that  body  was  given  the 
power  of  electing  a  delegate  to  congress,  it  would  tend 
still  more  to  tranquilize  the  public  mind  in  this  quarter ; 
but  the  slave  trade  seems  to  be  a  favourite  object 
throughout  the  Province —  And  I  believe  the  impression 
that  by  becoming  a  State,  this  trade  would  be  under  their 


272  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

own  controul  untill  the  year  1808,  has  had  some  influ- 
ence in  rendering  popular  the  claims  of  immediate  ad- 
mission into  the  Union. 

I  was  particularly  desirous  to  keep  this  city  free 
from  party  disputes  and  party  writings;  but  the  intro- 
duction of  News  Papers  among  us,  has  opened  the  ave- 
nues to  political  discussion,  and  I  see  with  concern  that 
the  spirit  of  party  is  daily  acquiring  nourishment. 

The  Louisianians  hitherto  Unaccustomed  to  the  Lib- 
erty of  the  Press,  are  illy  reconciled  to  its  Licentious- 
ness, and  I  very  much  fear  that  sooner  or  Later,  the 
public  peace  will  be  disturbed  by  the  resentment  which 
some  party  or  indecent  publications  will  excite.  A  Late 
anonymous  writer  who  attacked  the  Memorial  to  con- 
gress, in  a  strain  of  imprudent  and  severe  irony  has 
greatly  agitated  the  public  mind,  and  I  am  sorry  to  add 
that  the  peice  having  been  printed  in  the  paper  called 
the  Union  (a  paper  in  which  the  Laws  of  the  United 
States  and  My  ordinances  are  printed)  has  given  rise 
to  an  opinion  that  the  writer  is  coutinanced  by  the  gov- 
ernor. 

The  people  here  or  rather  some  of  them  seem  to  think 
that  the  press  is  under  my  controul,  and  what  appears  in 
print,  is  supposed  not  objectionable  to  me.  The  fact  is, 
that  in  my  character  as  a  citizen,  I  have  taken  the  liberty 
to  request  the  editors  of  News  papers  not  to  print  any 
piece,  that  might  tend  to  irritate  or  divide  our  society; 
but  I  never  can,  nor  never  will  in  my  official  Character 
attempt  to  exercise  any  authority  or  influence  over  the 
press. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  respect  &  Esteem 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  273 

To  James  Pilot. 

New  Orleans  27th  July  1804 

To  the  Mayor  &  Municipality, — 
Gentlemen, 

I  hasten  to  Lay  before  you  the  enclosed  petition  to 
me,  from  several  citizens  who  conceive  themselves  in- 
jured by  a  Late  decree  of  your  honorable  body.  I  have 
heretofore  supposed  that  the  property  to  which  the  peti- 
tioners allude  belonged  to  the  city  &  subject  to  the  con- 
troul  of  the  Municipality.  If  however  this  should  not 
be  the  case,  I  think  it  ought  to  be  presented  by  the 
United  States  to  the  city,  and  I  beg  Leave  to  suggest  to 
you  gentlemen,  the  propriety  of  petitioning  congress  up- 
on the  subject  I  am  myself  impressed  with  an  opinion, 
that  the  removal  of  the  houses  upon  the  Levee  would  not 
only  contribute,  to  the  beauty  of  our  city ;  but  in  a  great 
degree  to  the  health  of  the  inhabitants  an  object  of  the 
first  importance.  I  however  should  regret  that  the  fund 
for  the  orphan  children  should  be  destroyed,  or  that  the 
petitioners  should  sustain  any  Loss  without  being  amply 
remunerated.  I  trust  the  resources  of  the  city  will  be 
sufficient  to  make  some  other  provision  for  the  Orphans, 
and  I  know  that  its  justice  will  not  permit  the  Latter, 
and  in  the  event  that  it  devolves  on  the  United  States  to 
make  some  disposition  of  this  property,  I  am  persuaded 
their  proceedings  will  be  just  to  all  parties. 

After  you  have  deliberated  on  the  petition  I  mil 
thank  you  to  return  it  to  me,  as  I  have  no  other  copy. 
I  am  Gentlemen  with  Respect  &  Esteem 
Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
Signed    William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
James  Pitot  Esqre 
Mayor 

ri— 18 


274  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  27  July  1804 
Sir, 

I  received  on  this  morning  an  answer  to  my  Letter  of 
the  25th  Instant  to  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo,  and  hav- 
ing procured  a  translation  thereof,  for  my  own  use,  I 
now  enclose  you  the  original  Copy. 

The  Answer  of  the  Marquis  developes  in  part  the 
views  of  his  court  in  relation  to  Louisiana;  every  exer- 
tion has  been  &  will  be  made  to  conciliate  &  perpetuate 
the  effections  of  the  Louisianians  towards  the  Spanish 
Government,  and  those  who  may  continue  to  profess  at- 
tachment (now  that  their  allegiance  has  ceased)  may  at 
all  times  find  an  asylum  in  his  Majesty's  dominions  & 
these  are  ' '  the  convenient  effects ' '  which  were  alluded  to. 

The  President  will  see  from  the  whole  tenor  of  the 
Marquis's  Letter  how  great  the  probability  is,  that  Lou- 
isiana will  for  some  time  be  subjected  more  or  Less  to 
foreign  influence. 

I  am  Sir  Very  Respectfully 

Your  Obdt,  Servt. 
(Signed)    William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


To  Henry  Hopkins. 

New  Orleans  28  July  1804 
Sir, 

You  will  deliver  the  enclosed  Letters  to  the  persons 
to  whom  they  are  directed.  These  Letters  are  from  the 
Reverend  Mr.  Walsh  and  are  intended  to  put  a  stop  to 
the  religious  dissentions  which  have  recently  disturbed 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       275 

your  district.  I  believe  Mr.  AValsh  has  named  the 
Priest,  that  shall  officiate  in  the  church,  and  you  will 
therefore  deliver  the  Key  to  the  gentleman  who  may  so- 
licit it;  I  sincerely  hope  the  arrangement  of  Mr.  "Walsh 
will  be  promotive  of  tranquility;  but  should  you  find, 
that  confusion  continues,  and  the  public  peace  is  likely 
to  be  disturbed  you  will  again  shut  the  church  and  re- 
sume the  Key ;  but  this  step  must  not  be  taken,  unless  it 
should  be  absolutely  necessary  to  the  preservation  of 
peace  and  good  order 

I  am  Sir  very  respectfully 
Your  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P.  S.     A  petition  I  have  Lately  received  from  the  Atak- 
apas,  is  an  honorable  testimonial  in  your  favour,  I  hope 
you  will  continue  to  merit  the  good  opinion  of  your  fel- 
low citizens,  you  will  probably  remain  in  your  present 
situation  for  some  time. 

Lieut.  Henry  Hopkins 

Commandant  of  Atakapas  and  Opelousas 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  28  July  1804 
Sir, 

Previous  to  the  receipt  of  your  Excellencys  letter  of 
yesterday,  the  privateer  to  which  you  alluded,  had  at- 
tracted my  attentions.  That  vessel  came  into  this  port, 
some  time  ago,  in  order  to  repair  certain  injuries  in  her 
hull  which  she  had  received  at  sea,  and  which  repairs 
being  complete  she  is  about  to  depart.  I  cannot  Learn 
after  the  strictest  examination,  that  she  has  violated  the 
Laws  of  Neutrality.  The  Mayor  of  the  city,  the  attor- 
ney general  of  the  province,  and  the  captain  of  the  port 


276  MISSISSIPPI    TEKRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

visited  (by  my  order)  the  privateer  on  this  morning, 
and  they  report,  that  no  Spaniards  are  on  board.  The 
names  of  the  crew,  are  herewith  enclosed,  and  it  seems 
they  are  all  Frenchmen  Lately  arrived  from  St.  Dom- 
ingo and  Jamaica. 

Accept  assurances  of  my   sincere   esteem   and   high 
Consideration 

(Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency  ^ 

The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  James  Pitot. 

New  Orleans  28  July  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  information  that  the  French  priva- 
teer called  La  Soeur  Cherie  has  greatly  increased  her 
crew  since  her  arrival  in  this  port.  If  the  men  enlisted 
are  French  citizens,  and  the  enlistment  was  made  on 
board  of  said  vessel,  there  is  nothing  improper  in  the 
proceeding;  but  if  this  be  not  the  case,  the  Law  is  vio- 
lated. 

Will  you  therefore  be  good  enough  to  visit  the  said 
privateer,  examine  the  crew  on  oath,  and  report  to  me, 
the  nation  to  which  each  and  every  of  them  respectively 
belong,  and  where  enlisted. 

The  attorney  general  Mr.  Gurley,  and  the  Harbor 
Master  Captain  Davis  will  accompany  you. 

I  am  Sir  very  respectfully 

Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
James  Pitot  Esqre. 
Mayor  of  New  Orleans 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       277 

To  Thomas  Villaneuva. 

New  Orleans  29  July  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  favor  of  the  22nd  instant  con- 
cerning the  Conduct  of  Michel  Bourgeois.  Relying  up- 
on your  justice  &  impartiality  in  the  execution  of  the 
duties  of  your  office  I  request  you  to  make  the  said 
Michel  Bourgeois  give  security  for  his  future  good  be- 
haviour, or  upon  his  refusing  so  to  do,  to  fine  him  in  any 
sum  not  exceeding  fifty  dollars  and  cause  him  to  be  im- 
prisoned not  exceeding  two  months.  Of  this  proceeding 
and  the  future  conduct  of  Mr.  Michel  Bourgeois  I  will 
thank  you  to  give  me  information.  I  have  received  the 
memorial  signed  by  several  inhabitants  of  your  district 
respecting  the  improper  treatment  which  they  received 
from  some  drunken  Indians  on  the  Bayou.  I  wish  you 
to  endeavour  to  strengthen  the  confidence  of  the  inhab- 
itants in  the  vigilance  &  justice  of  our  government  and 
to  assure  them  that  all  the  means  in  my  power  shall  be 
used  to  remedy  the  inconvenience  which  the  Louisianins 
generally  experience  from  the  visits  of  savages.  In  the 
mean  time  I  wish  you  to  send  for  those  Indians  who  com- 
mitted the  offence  against  Mr. and  inform  them 

that  their  New  Father  the  governor  at  New  Orleans 
wishes  to  see  them,  that  he  has  something  to  say  to  them 
&  a  present  to  make  them.  By  this  means  you  will  be 
able  I  flatter  myself  to  remove  from  your  district,  the 
present  disturbers  of  its  tranquility. 

I  am  Sir,  with  Sentiments  of  Esteem 
Your  obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Thomas  Villaneuva 
Commandant  Dans  La  fourche 


278  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

From  James  Madison  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

AVashington  19  June  1804 
department  of  State 
Sir 

By  the  last  mail,  the  President  has  received  your  Let- 
ter accompanying  Mr.  Pedesclauxs  petition,  and  at  the 
same  time  came  to  hand  a  representation  from  Louis  de 
Clouet  on  behalf  of  himself  and  family  requesting  that 
means  be  devised  for  investigating  the  circumstances  of 
the  murder  of  St.  Juliens  wife,  in  which  he  has  charged 
de  Clouet  and  his  family  as  instigators  and  accomplices. 

As  Mr.  Pedesclaux  was  deprived  of  his  office  by  Mr. 
Laussat,  as  you  have  already  provided  for  him  at  Least 
as  far  as  your  sense  of  his  merit  will  admit,  as  the  ad- 
mission of  his  right  to  compensation  would  establish  a 
precedent  applicable  to  others  who  have  been  equally  de- 
prived, and  as  congress  alone  are  competent  to  grant 
him  compensation,  the  President  has  no  room  to  act  on 
the  occasion.  You  will  therefore  take  occasion  to  con- 
vey to  him  a  knowledge  of  this  incompetency  to  grant 
his  petition,  and  that  his  recourse,  if,  indeed  after  this 
attempt,  he  is  advised  to  address  his  claims  to  any 
Branch  of  the  American  Government,  must  be  to  the 
Legislature. 

Mr.  De  Clouets  business  is  entirely  of  a  judicial  na- 
ture and  as  St.  Julien  has  been  held  to  bail,  the  judiciary 
powers  of  the  country  must  decide  wheather  he  is  sub- 
ject to  a  trial  &  in  what  form.  To  create  a  new  juris- 
diction and  new  rules  of  trial  adapted  to  the  circum- 
stances of  a  particular  case,  would  militate  with  both  the 
justice  and  policy  of  the  United  States.  I  enclose  his 
representation  and  request  you  will  make   him  under- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       279 

stand,  in  the  way  you  may  think  fit,  these  reasons  for 
the  Presidents  declining  to  interfere. 

With  great  respect  &  Consideration  I  remain  Sir 

Your  most  Obdt.  Servt. 
(Signed)         James  Madison 
P.  S.     I  have  received  your  Letters  of  the  21st  March, 
7,  8,  9,  10,  13,  14,  11,  21,  &  25  April,  and  3,  8,  10,  &  13 
May.     Enclosed  I  send  you  two  dozen  of  Passports  mak- 
ing 48  in  all. 

His  Excellency 
Governor  Claiborne 


From  James  Madison  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Washington  26  June  1804 
Department  of  State 

Sir, 

Since  mine  by  the  Last  Mail  I  have  received  no  Let- 
ter from  you.  Enclosed  is  a  copy  of  a  petition  of  John 
Devereaux  Delacy  to  the  President.  If  you  can  con- 
veniently procure  for  him  the  papers  relative  to  Blount 
&  Allison,  and  the  Letters  of  Lohra,  to  which  he  refers, 
and  from  their  nature  there  is  no  impropriety  in  his 
being  possessed  of  them,  I  doubt  not  you  will  cause  them 
to  be  restored  to  him.  The  nature  of  the  bond  he  states 
to  have  been  taken  from  him,  is  not  explained;  I  can 
therefore  only  request.  What  you  would  doubtless  have 
been  inclined  voluntarily  to  do  on  his  application,  that 
every  document  Necessary  to  state  his  case  may  be  fur- 
nished to  him,  provided  they  are  not  such  as  peculiar 
reasons  exist  for  withholding. 

Permit  me  also  to  request  that  you  will  furnish  me 


280  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

with  any  information  you  may  think  proper  relative  to 
liis  case. 

Enclosed  herewith  you  will  receive  sixteen  passports 
I  have  the  honor  to  be  Sir,  with  great  respect 
Your  most  obdt.  Servt. 

(Signed)     James  Madison 
His  Excellency 
Governor  Claiborne 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  30  July  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letters  of  the  19th  and  26th  of  June,  together 
w^ith  their  Enclosures,  I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive. 
I  shall  inform  Mr.  Pedescleaux  and  Mr.  De  Clouet  of  the 
reasons  which  induced  the  president  of  the  United  States 
not  to  interfere  in  their  cases,  and  shall  refer  the  former 
to  congress,  for  a  further  prosecution  of  his  claim  should 
he  still  think  it  maintainable,  and  the  latter  to  the  Su- 
perior Court  to  be  instituted  in  the  Orleans  Territory  on 
the  1st  of  next  October,  for  a  redress  of  the  injury  which 
himself  and  Famil}"  are  supposed  to  have  sustained,  and 
in  the  mean  time,  St.  Julien  will  not  be  released  by  any 
act  of  mine  from  the  recognizance  which  he  entered  into 
^^dth  M.  Laussat.  John  D.  Delacy  has  left  this  city,  nor 
do  I  know  whither  he  is  gone.  The  papers  which  he  al- 
ludes to  never  were  in  my  possession,  nor  do  I  recollect 
to  have  received  from  Mr.  Delacy  the  statement  he  men- 
tions ;  it  is  hoAvever  very  probable  that  a  List  of  the  pa- 
pers spoken  of,  were  enclosed  me,  for  the  conmiunica- 
tions  from  Mr.  Delacy  to  me,  during  his  confinement  in 
this  city,  were  frequent  and  voluminous.  I  have  very 
Little  personal  knowledge  of  Mr.  Delacy  or  the  causes 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       281 

of  his  Misfortune ;  but  fame  gives  him  a  bad  name,  and 
his  confinement  here,  did  not  seem  to  excite  a  great 
share  of  public  sympathy.     I  was  informed  on  my  arri- 
val in  New  Orleans,  that  delacy  with  31  or  32  others 
were  charged  as  accomplices  of  General  Bowles,  also  of 
having  committed  an  offence  against  the  flag  of  Spain 
on  the  high  Seas  and  were  claimed  by  the  commissioners 
of  Spain  as  state  prisoners  Whom  they  had  a  right  to 
withdraw  with  their  forces  from  the  province.    With- 
out discussing  the  propriety  of  this  doctrine  which  I  un- 
derstood  Mr.   Laussat  had   acceeded   to,   but   which  I 
thought  somewhat  doubtful  I  contented  myself  with  in- 
terceeding  with  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  for  their  re- 
lease, and  finally  delacy  and  I  believe  thirty  one  of  his 
fellow  prisoners  were  conunitted  to  the  disposition  of 
the  commissioners  of  the  United  States  by  the  Spanish 
Commissioner,  upon  one  Condition,  to  wit;  that  Delacy 
and  a  man  of  the  name  of  Thomas  should  be  compelled 
to  Leave  the  province  of  Louisiana.     The  Letters  upon 
this  subject  you  will  see  among  the  official  correspond- 
ence of  the  commissioners  of  the  United   States  which 
were  forwarded  to  the  department  of  State.     The  condi- 
tion on  which  the  pardon  was  effected,  was  made  known 
to  Mr.  Delacy  on  the  next  day  after  it  was  obtained,  and 
he  seemed  to  acquiesse  with  it.     His  own  bond  was  ta- 
ken by  the  Sheriff  for  his  departure  (being  unable  to 
give  security)  &  f anally  he  has  left  the  City.     Thomas 
also  gave  bond  for  his  departure,  but  I  believe  he  is  yet 
in  the  city,  and  if  so  he  will  remain  undisturbed.     With 
respect  to  Mr.  Delacys  papers  I  will  mention  the  subject 
to  Don  Andre  de  Armesto  the  Late  Secretary  of  Louisi- 
ana, and  I  will  request  such  as  may  relate  to  his  (De- 
lacys)  private  concerns.     I  will  here  take  the  Liberty 
generally  that  the  Spanish  prisoners  were  a  source  of 
some  embarasment  to  me ;  I  doubted  wheather  their  con- 
finement was  at  all  proper,  but  after  the  period  allowed 


282  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOBIAL    ARCHIVES. 

by  treaty  for  the  evacuation  of  the  province,  I  was 
clearly  of  opinion,  that  a  continuance  of  their  imprison- 
ment was  illegal.  These  men  however  were  generally 
murderers  and  robers  of  the  bases  kind: —  their  re- 
moval from  our  society  was  a  great  public  benefit,  and 
I  connived  at  the  imprisonment  untill  the  Spanish  offi- 
cers could  remove  them  which  has  been  effected: —  If 
however  a  habeas  Corpus  had  been  solicited,  I  should 
have  granted  the  same,  and  on  return  thereof  and  en- 
quiry would  have  taken  place  as  to  the  Legality  of  such 
confinement.  I  have  made  these  general  remarks  to 
shew  you  that  Delacys  case  and  that  of  other  Spanish 
prisoners  have  engrossed  my  attention,  and  to  show  you 
also  that  under  the  Treaty,  my  opinion  is,  that  the  bene- 
fit of  the  writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  does  already  extend  to 
Louisiana. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
Your  most  Obdt.  Servt. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)    William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


To  Henry  Hopkins. 

New  Orleans  July  31st  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  understood  that  in  the  District  of  Atakapas 
there  is  a  Tract  or  Tracts  of  Land  claimed  by  different 
Persons  which  has  hitherto  been  a  cause  of  much  dis- 
turbance among  the  Inhabitants,  and  I  am  particularly 
Solicitous  that  this  disturbance  may  not  now  be  renewed. 
Will  you  therefore  immediately  on  the  receipt  of  this 
Letter  Send  for  Mr.  Potier  the  Surveyor,  and  charge 
him  not  to  resurvey  ony  of  the  Land  alluded  to.  In  the 
course  of  next  Winter   a   Tribunal  will   be   established 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       283 

competent  to  the  Trial  of  all  causes  relative  to  Land,  and 
then  the  Titles  of  the  respective  claimants  may  be  inves- 
tigated and  decided  on. 

I  am  Sir,  with  Esteem  and  Respect 

Your  Obdt.  St. 
(Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Henry  Hopkins 
Commandant  of  Atakapas  &  Apelousas 


To  Henry  Hopkins 

New  Orleans  August  1st  1804 
Sir 

In  your  Letter  of  the  7th  of  July  you  inform  me  that 
you  "have  two  Criminals  in  confinement  relative  to 
whom  you  await  my  determination"  had  you  Stated  the 
nature  of  their  Offences,  I  could  have  given  you  certain 
instructions,  but  as  this  was  omitted,  I  must  Say  to  you 
generally,  that  if  either  or  both  are  charged  with  mur- 
der you  must  Send  him  or  them  to  New  Orleans  with  a 
Small  guard  of  Militia,  but  if  their  Offences  are  not  of  a 
high  criminal  nature,  you  are  hereby  authorized  to  dis- 
charge them,  and  I  the  more  readily  extend  my  lenity 
towards  these  persons.  Since  they  are  the  first  who  have 
offended  in  Atakapas  Since  the  rearing  of  the  American 
Flag  in  Louisiana,  and  I  am  desirous  that  mercy  Shall 
be  displayed  in  our  first  Acts,  and  that  at  all  times  it 
shall  (united  with  justice)  prevail. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Henry  Hopkins, 
Commandant  of  Atakapas  &  Apelousas 


284  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOIIIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Henry  Dearborn. 

New  Orleans  August  1st  1804 
Sir, 

Not  long  before  my  departure  from  Natchez  I  drew 
upon  you,  I  believe  on  the  19th  of  November  for  one  hun- 
dred Dollars  in  favor  of  Israel  E.  Trask.  In  looking 
over  my  Public  Accounts  on  this  day,  I  find  the  charge 
which  occasioned  that  Draft,  and  I  now  have  the  Honor 
to  enclose  you  a  Voucher  for  the  Same. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
The  Honble.  Your  obdt.  St. 

Henry  Dearborn      (Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Secretary  of  War 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  1  August  1804 
Sir, 

More  than  two  Months  ago,  I  received  information 
that  a  Small  French  Privateer,  in  company  with  two 
Brigs  the  one  under  French  and  the  other  Spanish  Col- 
ours had  entered  the  Mississippi.  The  Brigs  entered  in 
the  River  below  Plaquemine,  and  the  Privateer  with  my 
permission  passed  that  Fort,  and  came  to  about  two 
Leagues  below  this  City.  Rumor  soon  pronounced  both 
the  Brigs  to  be  prizes,  and  a  variety  of  circumstances 
seemed  to  confirm  it.  The  Privateer  admitted  visits 
from  no  one  not  attached  to  her,  and  except  her  Officers 
no  person  was  permitted  to  go  on  shore.  The  Brig  un- 
der Spanish  Colors  was  loaded  with  Coffee,  and  informa- 
tion was  received  at  the  Collectors  Office,  that  partial 
Sales  thereof  had  been  made  to  persons  coming  up  the 
River  at  very  reduced  prices.  An  Officer  of  the  Customs 
was  immediately  dispatched   to  detect  the  abuses  bnt 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       285 

previous  to  his  arrival  the  Vessel  had  Weighed  Anchor 
and  passed  out  of  the  Kiver  Mississippi  by  the  South 
West  pass,  and  destined  as  was  said  to  Pensacola. 

The  Brig  under  French  Colors  proceeded  up  to  this 
City  in  Character  of  a  French  Merchant  Vessel  from  St. 
Domingo  consigned  to  Citizen  Blanque,  the  Gentleman 
named  by  Citizen  Laussat  as  the  French  Commercial 
agent  for  this  Port;  but  he  having  declined  the  assign- 
ment, the  same  was  accepted  by  Mr.  Evan  Jones,  and  on 
Saturday  last  that  Gentleman  entered  the  Vessel,  gave 
the  Customary  Bonds  for  securing  the  duties,  and  ob- 
tained a  permit  to  Land  the  Cargo. 

By  this  time  I  had  information  on  which  I  could  rely 
that  the  Brig  purporting  to  be  a  Merchantman  from  St. 
Domingo  was  in  fact  a  prize,  whereupon  Mr.  Trist  was 
requested  not  to  Suffer  the  execution  of  the  permit  to 
Land  the  Cargo  until  he  heard  further  from  me  the  Sub- 
ject. An  examination  relative  to  the  Vessel  was  imme- 
diately commenced  and  after  the  exhibition  of  much 
contradictory  Testimony  and  wilful  perjury,  it  appeared 
that  ''the  French  Privateer  somewhere  in  the  Latitude 
of  Havana  Captured  an  American  Brig  called  the  Mary, 
Captain  Linn  on  her  passage  from  Jamaica  to  Norfolk 
in  Virginia,  and  the  British  Brig  Active  Captain  Rasin 
on  her  passage  from  Jamaica  to  London,  and  brought 
both  Prizes  into  the  Mississippi.  The  American  Brig 
after  laying  Several  days  in  the  Mississippi  and  making 
Sale  of  much  Coffee,  again  went  out  to  Sea  was  run 
aground  near  Cat  Island,  the  Cargo  Landed  and  the 
Vessel  Burnt.  The  British  Brig  came  up  to  the  City 
was  entered  at  the  Custom  House  as  the  Hector  from 
St.  Domingo;  that  the  Papers  produced  at  the  Custom 
House,  were  all  forged  at  Sea,  and  that  a  Sale  of  the 
Cargo  had  been  conditionally  made  to  Mr.  Evan  Jones, 
and  who  had  himself  offered  the  Same  for  Sale  to  others, 
all  which  will  more  fully  appear  from  the  Depositions 


286  MISSISSIPPI    TEREITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

and  other  Documents  enclosed  from  No.  1  to  Number 

inclusive. 

It  now  remains  for  me  to  observe  that  upon  the  exer- 
cise of  my  best  Judgment,  it  seemed  to  be  my  duty  to 
cause  the  Brig  Active,  thus  entered  illegally  and  cor- 
ruptly  and   the    Cargo    Sold   contrary   to   our    Solemn 
Treaties,  to  be  Seized,  and  to  hold  the  Same,  Subject  to 
flie  orders  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
I  have  the  Honor  to  be  very  Kespectfully 
Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  Edward  D.  Turner 

^.  New  Orleans  1  August  1804 

I  have  received  your  Several  Letters  of  the  14th  June 
6,  12,  13  and  14th  of  July,  and  to  which  I  now  reply. 
Should  the  Government  determine  to  maintain  the  Post 
at  Natchitoches,  there  can  be  no  doubt,  but  it  will  pur- 
chase the  ground  you  recommended,  provided  it  should 
be  Private  property;  but  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the 
Scite  you  have  mentioned.  Six  Miles  above  will  be  Se- 
lected for  the  permanent  Garrison.  In  Barkers  case  you 
will  direct  a  Sale  of  the  Property,  and  cause  the  Debts 
due  him  to  be  collected,  and  make  a  distribution  of  the 
proceeds  among  his  creditors;  in  this  distribution  you 
will  take  for  your  guide,  the  immutable  Principles  of 
Justice,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  your  proceedings 
will  be  Satisfactory.  The  claims  exhibited  against  Bar- 
ker you  must  be  assured  are  justly  due,  before  you  allow 
them,  and  in  every  instance  where  the  claimant  presents 
himself  you  must  examine  him  on  oath  whether  all  or 
any  part  of  his  present  demand  had  heretofore  been  dis- 
charged. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  287 

Among  the  claims  exhibited  it  may  happen  that,  pref- 
erence ought  in  justice  to  he  given  to  some  of  them;  that 
is  to  Say,  that  Some  claims  may  be  of  Such  a  nature  as 
to  merit  a  priority  of  payment  in  preference  to  all 
others;  but  of  this  your  own  judgment  will  prescribe 
what  is  proper  and  you  are  to  act  in  conformity  of  its 
dictates. 

If  Major  Tittle  will  consent  to  pay  his  Debt  to  Bar- 
ker in  Peltry  I  have  no  doubt  but  such  a  remittance 
would  be  acceptable  to  Mr.  Randall.  In  general  cases 
where  judgments  are  confessed  for  claims  exceeding  100 
Dollars,  and  the  Parties  consent  that  Property  should  be 
taken  in  execution  and  Sold  you  are  at  liberty  to  act,  but 
otherwise  you  must  await  an  order  of  Sale  from  the 
Governor.  The  News  from  Nacogdoches  is  of  Such  a 
nature  as  to  excite  Some  anxiety  but  I  am  persuaded  no 
hostile  Measures  on  the  part  of  the  Spaniards  will  be 
hazarded :  I  am  impressed  with  an  opinion  that  the  pos- 
session of  that  part  of  Louisiana  Lying  West  of  the 
Mississippi,  by  the  United  States  is  a  Source  of  uneasi- 
ness to  the  Spanish  Monarch,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but 
it  has  in  a  great  Degree  excited  the  Sensibility  of  some 
of  his  Agents  in  the  Interior  Provinces  of  Mexico.  That 
attempts  have  been  made  and  will  be  made  by  the  Parti- 
zans  of  Spain  to  alienate  the  affections  of  the  Louisi- 
anians  from  the  American  Government,  I  am  well  aware. 
But  the  Spanish  Monarch  has  more  wisdom  than  precip- 
itately and  without  provocation  to  commence  a  War 
with  the  only  Nation  on  Earth  who  could  take  from  him 
those  possessions  from  which  the  Kingdom  of  Spain  has 
for  so  many  years  been  maintained. 

Lest  hoAvever  your  Post  might  possibly  be  attacked  I 
would  most  Willinglj^  send  you  a  re-inforcement,  if  the 
State  of  things  and  our  Troops  here  would  permit:  but 
the  fact  is  that  taking  into  view  the  number  of  men  daily 


MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

in  the  Sick  Report  there  are  not  more  than  a  sufficiency  fit 
for  duty  to  furnish  the  necessary  reliefs  for  the  guards 
which  are  daily  required.  If  indeed  the  views  of  your 
neighbours  are  Hostile,  unless  the  forces  from  New  Or- 
leans were  reduced  much  more  than  prudence  would 
justify  we  could  not  send  you  Such  assistance  as  would 
enable  you  to  make  effectual  resistance.  Upon  a  con- 
sultation with  Colonel  Freeman  we  deemed  it  best,  that 
you  should  proceed  to  place  yourself  in  the  best  possible 
State  of  defence,  that  in  the  event  of  danger  you  would 
call  to  your  aid  that  part  of  the  Militia  in  which  you 
could  confide,  and  if  attacked  to  make  the  best  and  most 
obstinate  defence  which  your  means  will  permit. 

Colonel  Freeman  has  promised  to  send  you  a  Supply 
of  Powder  and  Ball,  but  the  pieces  of  Ordnance  and  the 
couple  of  5  inch  Howitzers  with  their  Ammunition  which 
you  have  Solicited  it  is  not  at  present  in  his  power  to 
forward.  Our  forces  in  Louisiana,  are  such  as  were 
deemed  proper  for  a  peace  establishment.  A  Contest 
with  Spain  has  not  been  contemplated,  but  the  moment 
a  Gun  is  fired  on  your  Command  by  Spanish  Troops,  the 
War  is  begun,  and  you  may  readily  predict  how  it  may 
terminate. 

A  Love  of  peace  Seems  to  be  a  National  passion  of 
my  Country,  and  I  pray  God  it  may  long  remain  so.  The 
blood  Shed  in  War  is  not  its  only  evils.  The  ravages  of 
Agriculture  and  of  commerce  which  follow  in  its  train, 
and  the  constant  and  heavy  drafts  on  the  proceeds  of 
industry  which  attend  its  prosecution  are  Misfortunes 
which  a  wise  and  virtuous  Nation  will  always  be  Solic- 
itous to  avoid —  But  although  our  Country  Loves  peace 
She  fears  not  War; —  If  Spain  wishes  the  contest  She 
has  it  in  her  power  to  be  gratified.  Aggressions  on  her 
part  will  be  resisted,  and  if  any  are  offered,  I  trust  you 
will  live  to  witness  an  issue  favorable  to  your  wishes 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       289 

and  to  partake  of  the  Honor  which  awaits  those  who  Sup- 
port the  Interest  and  glory  of  the  American  Nation. 
I  have  the  Honor  to  be  with  Sentiments  of  Esteem 

Your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Edward  D.  Turner 
Commandant  of  Natchitoches 


To  Captain  Davis  Harbor  Master 
Sir, 

Will  you  do  me  the  favor  to  Solicit  the  assistance  of 
Some  respectable  and  well  informed  Merchant  and  visit 
the  Prize  Brig  Active  and  examine  the  Cargo  of  Said' 
Brig  in  order  to  ascertain  Whether  or  not  it  is  necessary 
for  the  preservation  thereof,  that  it  Should  be  landed. 

I  will  thank  you  to  report  to  me  your  opinion  as  Soon 
as  may  be  convenient,  for  if  it  should  be  proper  to  dis- 
charge the  Vessel,  I  wish  to  commence  about  it  immedi- 

^^^^^'  I  am  Sir  Your  Obdt.  St. 

(Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
New  Orleans 
August  3rd  1804 


To  Leivis  Kerr  Esqr.,  Sheriff  of  New  Orleans  and  per- 
forming the  duties  of  Marshall  for  the  District  of  Or- 
leans. 

Sir, 

You  will  be  pleased  (immediately)  to  proceed  to  dis- 
charge the  Cargo  of  the  Prize  Brig  Active,  and  to  cause 
the  Same  to  be  carefully  stored  in  good  dry  Stores. 

I  am  Sir  your  obt.  St.  ' 

New  Orleans  (Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

August  4th  1804 

II — 19 


290  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL,    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  August  4tli  1804 
Sir, 

Since  my  Letter  of  1st  Instant  the  Captain  of  the 
Privateer  has  Shewn  me  the  Papers  of  the  Prize  Brig 
Active,  from  which  it  appears  that  she  was  built  at  St. 
Johns  New  Bruns^^dck  and  is  the  property  of  William 
Pagan,  Kobert  Pagan  and  Thomas  Pagan  Merchants  of 
said  place.  The  Active  was  commanded  by  a  Captain 
Raisin,  and  when  taken  by  the  Privateer  was  on  her 
passage  from  Jamaica  to  London  Avith  a  valuable  Cargo. 
This  Vessel  being  fraudulently  entered  at  a  Neutral 
Port  as  a  Merchantman  and  her  Cargo  actually  sold,  I 
deemed  it  proper  to  direct  a  Seizure  of  the  Same  and  a 
Copy  of  my  orders  to  that  effect,  to  the  Marshall  is  here- 
with enclosed  No.  1.  I  conceived  that  a  redelivery  of 
the  prize  to  the  Captors  and  ordering  them  away  would 
not  have  been  an  adequate  punishment  for  their  fraud- 
ulent proceeding,  a  proceeding  which  had  it  succeeded 
might  hereafter  have  Subjected  the  United  States  to  the 
pa^mient  of  the  value  of  the  Cargo  to  its  o^^mers  or  the 
underwriters.  Fearful  lest  the  Cargo  of  the  Prize  might 
suffer  injury  by  remaining  longer  on  Board  I  have  di- 
rected it  to  be  discharged  and  Stored;  but  for  further 
information  on  this  point  I  refer  you  to  the  Documents 
enclosed  No.  2,  3,  &  4.  The  original  agreement  Between 
Mr.  Jones  and  the  Captors  for  the  Sale  of  the  Prize  was 
in  the  French  Language,  but  I  have  obtained  a  correct 
Translation  thereof  and  of  which  the  Paper  No.  5  is  a 
Copy.  The  conduct  of  the  Privateer  in  relation  to  the 
American  Brig  seems  highly  exceptionable,  the  deposi- 
tion enclosed  No.  6  will  give  jou  the  particulars.  I  sent 
on  yesterday  for  the  o^^^ler  and  Captors  of  the  Privateer 
and  told  them  that  neither  themselves  nor  Vessel  must 
depart  this  City,  until  the  affair  of  the  American  Brig 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        291 

was  elucidated.  They  Stated  that  the  American  Ves- 
sel was  from  Port  Au  Prince  and  engaged  in  a  contra- 
band Trade  that  She  had  been  captured  by  a  French 
Privateer  re-captured  by  a  British  Frigate  and  carried 
into  Jamaica,  and  on  her  passage  from  thence  to  Nor- 
folk they  had  taken  her,  all  of  which  will  appear  from 
her  Papers  which  are  to  be  laid  before  me;  they  repre- 
sent further  'hat  She  was  not  run  aground  from  design 
and  after  the  Cargo  was  landed  she  caught  on  fire  ac- 
cidentally. Such  are  the  facts  which  these  men  State 
and  which  they  promise  to  prove,  but  my  impression  is 
that  the  Statement  made  by  Johnson  the  Deponent  is 
literally  correct. 

The  man  of  the  name  of  Joindar  mentioned  by  John- 
son as  having  assisted  in  the  Landing  &c  of  the  Cargo 
of  the  Brig  is  an  inhabitant  of  this  City  and  it  is  my  in- 
tention to  have  him  brought  before  me  on  Monday  next, 
and  make  him  give  Security  to  appear  whenever  he  may 
hereafter  be  called  upon,  to  answer  for  his  agency  in 
this  Business.  It  is  my  duty  further  to  advise  you  that 
information  having  been  received  that  two  English  Ships 
now  in  this  Port  were  recently  taken  from  the  French  on 
the  Coast  of  Africa  and  without  a  previous  condemna- 
tion had  proceeded  with  their  Cargoes  to  this  Port.  I 
immediately  caused  the  Captains  and  Consignees  of  Said 
Ships  to  be  brought  before  me,  but  after  due  examina- 
tion of  them  and  their  papers  it  appearing  that  the  Ves- 
sels in  question  had  been  regularly  condemned  and  Brit- 
ish Registers  and  Letters  of  Mark  obtained  I  saw  no 
ground  for  further  interference  on  my  part. 

Had  this  recent  attempt  to  make  New  Orleans  an 
assylum  for  Prizes  and  Ware  House  for  their  Cargoes 
Succeeded,  the  example  would  probably  have  been  fol- 
lowed the  vigilance  of  the  Local  Government,  perhaps 
its  integrity  might  have  been  questioned,  and  the  Com- 
merce of  Louisiana  ceased  to  have  been  respected.     A 


292  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

desire  to  produce  effects  and  impression  quite  the  re- 
verse of  these,  and  at  the  same  time  faithfully  to  dis- 
charge my  duty,  dictated  the  measures  which  have  been 
taken,  and  I  rely  with  confidence  on  receiving  the  Pres- 
idents approbation. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 

P.  S.  The  American  Brig  was  called  the  Mary  belong- 
ing to  Norfolk  in  Virginia,  the  Captains  name  not  posi- 
tively recollected,  but  Supposed  to  be  either  Jones  or 
Linn.  The  crews  of  both  vessels  were  treated  with  hu- 
manity. The  Cargo  of  the  American  Brig  it  is  Said  has 
been  taken  possession  of  by  the  Spaniards  and  will  be 
carried  to  Pensacola.  I  shall  write  to  Governor  Folch, 
and  request  that  the  Proceeds  of  the  Same  may  not  be 
appropriated  until  the  owners  of  the  Brig  may  have  time 
to  lay  in  their  claim  for  the  same. 
The  Secty.  of  State  W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  August  4th  1804 
Sir, 

I  enclose  you  copies  of  two  Letter  which  I  this  day 
received  from  Captain  Turner  the  Commandant  of 
Natchitoches.  The  Caddo  Indians  Spoken  of  by  Cap- 
tain Turner  is  a  Small  Tribe  Situated  about  80  or  100 
Leagues  from  Natchitoches;  their  Warriors  are  Sup- 
posed to  amount  to  between  three  and  four  hundred,  I 
shall  invite  the  chief  of  the  Nation,  and  five  or  Six  of  his 
Principal  Men  to  pay  a  visit  to  New  Orleans. 

The  Post  of  Adais  which  the  Spaniards  propose  for- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       293 

tifying  according  to  Captain  Turners  advices  is  not  far 
from  Natchitoches,  I  do  not  know  the  Coast  Distance  but 
I  suppose  it  cannot  be  further  than  from  ten  to  twelve 
Leagues. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
Your  obt.  St. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  Julien  Poydrass. 

New  Orleans  August  6tli  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  10th  of  July  together  with  its  en- 
closures have  been  regularly  received,  your  conduct  in 
bashleys  case  meets  my  entire  approbation,  and  your 
Correspondence  with  certain  Inhabitants  of  West  Flor- 
ida, relative  to  Kempers  party  was  marked  with  pru- 
dence and  propriety.  The  question  of  delivering  up  a 
person  escaping  from  one  Government  to  another  is  a 
question  of  delicacy  and  importance.  In  Treaties  be- 
tween Nations  the  Subject  is  sometimes  noticed  and 
Special  provision  is  made  for  the  arrest  and  delivery  of 
fugitives  from  justice.  But  as  our  Treaty  with  Spain 
contains  no  Stipulation  of  the  kind  the  case  is  left  to  be 
decided  by  the  general  customs  and  Laws  of  nations,  and 
I  believe,  these  are  against  the  Surrender,  but  where 
mischievous  and  dangerous  men  flee  from  a  Country 
whose  Laws  they  have  offended  to  a  foreign  Nation  an 
Assylum  is  sometimes  refused,  and  their  immediate  de- 
parture commanded.  I  trust  however  that  an  occasion 
Similar  to  the  one  which  has  occasioned  these  remarks 
\Yi\\  not  again  happen,  and  that  the  two  Banks  of  the 
Mississippi  from  the  Source  to  the  Mouth  of  that  grand 


294  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

River  will  shortly  be  under  the  acknowledged  Dominion 
of  the  United  States.  I  know  indeed  that  a  report  is  in 
circulation  that  the  Western  Bank  of  the  Mississippi  is 
to  be  receded  to  Spain  in  exchange  for  the  Floridas,  but 
I  assure  3^ou  Sir,  my  Letters  from  Wahington  are  Si- 
lent upon  the  Subject,  and  my  opinion  is  decided  that 
the  report  is  ^^ithout  foundation. 

I  am  indebted  to  you  for  the  proper  manner  in  which 
you  repelled  the  insinuation  contained  in  the  Letter  to 
you  from  Mr.  Estivan  and  others,  that  the  Governor  of 
Louisiana  countenanced  the  proceedings  of  Kempers 
l^arty.  An  Officer  of  the  United  States  is  too  friendly 
to  good  order,  to  be  jDleased  mth  the  riot  and  confusion 
in  a  neighbouring  Pro'ST.nce  much  less  to  encourage  it. 
The  instrument  of  writing  of  which  Mr.  Estivan  speaks 
was  nothing  more  than  a  Power  of  Attorney  attested  by 
Mr.  Broutin  a  Notary  Public  at  this  place,  and  a  Certi- 
ficate from  myself  that  Broutin  was  duly  commissioned 
a  Notary  Public.  With  res^iect  to  the  Militia  Patroles, 
I  msh  it  to  be  understood  that  every  free  White  Citizen 
between  the  Ages  of  eighteen  and  forty  five  are  Subject 
to  this  Service —  their  duty  mil  be  to  arrest  all  Negroes 
who  may  be  found  from  their  homes  ^^^thout  passes  from 
their  o^ATiers  after  9  oClock,  and  also  all  Suspicious  per- 
sons who  cannot  give  a  good  account  of  themselves.  The 
Patroles  mil  be  ordered  out  by  the  Connuandant  of  the 
District,  whenever  he  may  think  proper,  and  the  persons 
by  them  arrested  are  to  be  brought  before  the  Command- 
ant:- Slaves  will  receive  Such  correction,  as  the  general 
Police  concerning  Slaves  prescribe,  and  free  persons 
Avill  be  discharged  unless  indeed  they  should  be  charged 
with  offences  and  then  the  Commandant  will  i)roceed 
against  them  accordingly. 

From  the  Patrole  Service  no  man  is  to  be  excused  un- 
less from  age  or  Bodily  infirmities,  and  I  rely  with  Con- 
fidence that  my  fellow  Citizens   of  your  District  will 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORXE.       295 

promptly  and  chearfully  perform  a  duty  which  is  essen- 
tial to  the  general  Security.  Information  of  the  comple- 
tion of  Revolution  of  France  has  just  reached  us.  Buona- 
parte is  Emperor  of  the  French  and  the  right  of  Succes- 
sion is  hereditary  in  his  family,  thus  has  ended  a  Revo- 
lution, which  in  its  conmiencement  promised  to  better  the 
condition  of  man ;  but  amidst  all  the  changes  and  Revolu- 
tions of  Governments  that  of  the  United  States  remains 
Stable.  It  is  founded  on  reason  Supported  by  Justice, 
and  dispenses  political  freedom  peace  and  happiness  to 
more  than  five  Millions  of  people.  Ought  we  not  to  feel 
gratitude  to  Almighty  God  for  Such  Signal  blessings? 

Every  thing  remains  quiet  in  this  City,  but  I  am 
Sorry  to  find  that  Some  late  anonimous  writings  have 
created  Some  agitation  in  the  Public  mind.  The  Citizens 
of  Louisiana  heretofore  Strangers  to  the  Liberty  of  the 
Press  cannot  well  bear  with  its  licentiousness;-  this  in- 
deed is  a  Misfortune  inseperable  from  its  freedom,  and 
an  attempt  to  restrain  the  one,  may  prove  fatal  to  the 
other,  hence  we  find  that  the  Papers  of  the  United  States 
occasionally  manifest  unbridled  Licenciousness,  and  for 
which  altho  a  Subject  of  Serious  regret  a  remedy  has  not 
yet  been  discovered.  I  hope  therefore  that  in  a  Little 
time  the  Louisianians  with  their  fellow  Citizens  of  the 
United  States  will  see  the  importance  of  tlie  Liberty  of 
the  press,  and  rather  than  endanger  that  Palladium  of 
our  rights  will  bear  patiently  with  its  licenciousness. 
I  am  Sir  with  Respect  and  Esteem 
Your  most  Obdt.  Hb.  St. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Julien  Poydrass  Esqr. 
Commandant  of  Point  Coupee 


296  .MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  His  Excellency  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 
Sir, 

I  am  requested  by  Messrs.  Keiiner  and  Henderson 
Merchants  of  this  City  who  obtained  some  time  ago  a 
judgment  against  Nicholas  De  Finiel  an  Officer  in  the 
Service  of  his  Catholic  Majesty,  to  Solicit  your  Excel- 
lency to  pay  on  account  of  the  Said  Finiel  a  part  of  the 
pay  Avhich  may  now  be  due  him,  and  in  discharge  of  the 
Said  Judgment.  Your  Excellency  will  recollect  that  in 
this  case  you  were  good  enough  to  promise  me  that  one 
half  of  the  pay  of  the  Debtor  should  be  appropriated  to 
the  discharge  of  the  claim. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  with  great  Respect 
Your  Excellencys  most  obdt.  St. 

(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  Gov.  Folch 

New  Orleans  7th  August  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honor  to  address  your  Excellency  in  behalf 
of  a  Citizen  of  the  United  States  who  is  now  experiencing 
at  the  Town  of  Mobile  a  degree  of  injustice,  which  I  am 
persuaded  Sir,  you  will  hasten  to  remedy.  Permit  me  to 
lay  before  your  Excellency  the  following  concise  state- 
ment of  the  case.  John  Hinson  an  Inhabitant  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi Territory  owes  a  Debt  of  Some  magnitude  to 
Watson  and  Stagg  late  Merchants  of  New  Orleans,  and 
for  whom  George  Pollock  of  Said  City  is  the  Agent. 

The  private  business  of  Hinson  calling  him  to  Mobile 
he  was  recently  arrested  at  that  place  at  the  Suit  of 
George  Pollock  for  the  Debt  aforesaid,  and  was  thereupon 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       297 

committed  to  close  confinement  in  the  Fort,  and  instead 
of  that  lenient  treatment  which  unfortunate  Debtors  are 
entitled  to  he  is  lodged  in  a  Dungeon  the  very  apartment 
M^hich  (is  said)  was  heretofore  appropriated  for  the  most 
obdurate  Malefactors :-  It  is  represented  as  being  enclos- 
ed by  a  Small  Brick  Arch  and  So  confined  as  Scarcely  to 
admit  a  Ray  of  light,  and  here  Sir  this  Stranger  who  has 
committed  no  offence  against  the  Government  and  Laws 
of  Spain  (denied  the  Solace  of  Friends  and  the  use  of 
Pen  Ink  and  Paper)  is  left  to  languish.  The  bare  recital 
of  the  Sufferings  of  this  American  Citizen  cannot  fail  to 
excite  the  Sympathy  and  insure  the  interference  of  j^our 
Excellency.  From  a  generous  and  benevolent  chief  there- 
fore -  one  who  is  worthy  the  esteem  of  an  August  Sov- 
ereign who  causes  justice  and  mercy  to  be  administered^ 
I  confidently  ask  the  immediate  release  of  my  injured 
Countryman,  from  his  present  Cell  of  Misery,  and  that 
his  future  treatment  may  be  Such  as  is  usual  for  Debtors 
to  experience.  It  is  my  duty  Sir  further  to  to  Solicit  that 
the  conduct  of  the  Officer  Commanding  at  Mobile  through 
whose  agency  the  injustice  I  complain  of  has  been  inflict- 
ed, may  be  enquired  into  and  that  your  Excellency  may 
take  such  measures  on  the  occasion,  as  shall  be  consistent 
with  Justice,  and  that  friendly  understanding  which  hap- 
pily Subsists  between  our  two  Nations. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  Sir  with  great  consideration 
and  Sincere  Esteem 

Your  most  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

His  Excellency 
Governor  Folch 


298  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison. 

o-  New  Orleans  9th  August  1804 

In  the  District  of  Atakapas  where  party  feuds  and 
much  general  disquietude  prevailed  on  our  taking  pos- 
session of  this  Pro\^nce,  I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform 
you  that  the  most  perfect  good  order  now  exists,  this  fa- 
vorable change  is  attributed  in  some  degree  to  the  con- 
duct of  a  very  young  but  I  believe  a  very  deserving  young 
officer  of  the  name  of  Hopkins,  who  having  been  stationed 
by  General  Wilkinson  at  Atakapas  with  twenty  five  men, 
was  appointed  by  me  from  consideration  of  Sound  Policy 
Civil  Commandant  of  that  District.  This  young  Man  had 
acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  French  Language  was  pleas- 
ing in  his  manners  attentive  to  the  rights  of  the  Citizen 
and  executed  ^^^th  promptness  and  fidelity  all  my  instruc- 
tions :  I  was  desirous  therefore  that  he  should  remain 
at  the  Atakapas  during  the  present  Temporary  Govern- 
ment and  Solicited  Colonel  Freeman  by  a  Letter  a  copy 
of  which  is  enclosed  to  Suspend  for  the  present  an  order 
from  General  "Wilkinson  relative  to  Hopkins  which  the 
Colonel  was  friendly  enough  to  do,  and  to  advise  the  Gen- 
eral thereof  but  a  Second  order  from  the  General  I  learn 
is  imperative,  and  the  Colonel  will  of  course  obey.  To 
account  for  my  Solicitude  to  retain  Lieutenant  Hopkins 
at  Atakapas,  and  to  Shew  how  prudent  that  young  Man 
has  conducted  himself  I  enclose  you  a  Petition  from  the 
Lihabitants  in  his  favor.  Of  little  consequence  as  this 
event  may  appear  to  be  at  the  Seat  of  Government,  it  will 
be  a  Source  of  Serious  embarassment  to  me.  At  Ataka- 
pas there  are  two  Parties  and  so  bitter  are  their  animos- 
ities, that  I  cannot  select  a  Citizen  there  for  Civil  Com- 
mandant who  would  be  agreeable  to  the  people  generally 
or  perhaps  just.  I  sincerely  ^Yi^\\  it  were  possible  to  ex- 
ecute the  trust  committed  to  me  by  my  Government,  mth- 
out  occasionally  making  some  requests  of  the  Gentlemen 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        299 

Commanding  the  Troops  and  which  are  the  more  painful, 
because  I  am  Subjected  to  a  refusal  and  because  I  run  the 
risk  of  incurring  a  Suspicion  of  intermedling  with  a  De- 
partment perhaps  exclusively  under  the  guidance  of  an- 
other in  order  therefore  that  this  delicate  Subject  may 
be  placed  on  a  footing  which  will  be  agreeable  to  all  par- 
ties, I  Sincerely  desire  that  the  President  would  be  so 
good  as  to  say  how  far  a  request  from  the  Governor,  to 
the  Commanding  Officer,  ought  or  ought  not  to  be  at- 
tended to.  - 

I  wish  it  to  be  understood  that  I  ask  an  explanation 
from  you,  on  this  point  Solely  with  a  view  to  remove  all 
cause  of  Distrust,  and  I  take  this  opportunity  to  declare 
that  I  have  never  felt  the  smallest  disposition  to  meddle 
with  the  Army  in  Louisiana.  I  have  disclaimed  Com- 
mand of  any  kind  even  of  the  most  limitted  nature,  but 
I  must  confess  that  when  necessity  compels  me  to  make 
a  request  of  the  Officer  Commanding,  and  for  which  the 
responsibility  would  rest  upon  me,  I  should  be  chagrined 
to  meet  a  refusal,  I  have  to  add  that  between  Colonel 
Freeman  and  myself  there  esists  a  very  friendly  under- 
standing. The  Troops  are  in  excellent  Subordination, 
and  do  great  credit  to  the  Officer  Commanding. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  with  Esteem  and  Respect 
Your  Obdt.  Sevt. 
The  Honble.  ( Signed )       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  9th  August  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honor  the  receipt  of  yours  of  the  10th 
Ultimo. 

I  am  glad  to  understand  your  Sentiments  on  the  case 
■of  St.  Julien,  the  more  so,  as  thev  entirelv  coincide  with 


300  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

my  own.  His  Bail  I  believe  to  be  good  and  even  inde- 
pendent of  that,  lie  and  his  friends  seem  so  confident  of 
his  innocence  that  there  appears  at  present  no  grounds 
to  apprehend  that  he  will  avoid  a  fair  Trial  whenever 
he  may  be  called  on. 

Under  these  circumstances  it  might  at  least  be  un- 
necessary if  not  inexpedient  to  hurry  a  final  investiga- 
tion, and  I  am  inclined  to  thinl?:  that  the  event  would  prob- 
ably give  more  general  Satisfaction,  should  the  case  be 
reserved  for  the  more  regular  Tribunals  shortly  to  be 
established  in  the  Province. 

My  Letters  of  the  1st  and  4th  Instants  have  already 
informed  you  of  my  proceedings  in  regard  to  the  French 
Privateer  and  the  Prizes  brought  by  her  into  this  Port, 
and  the  trouble  and  anxiety  which_  the  investigation  of 
that  affair  cost  me.  It  being  the  opinion  of  the  Mer- 
chants here  that  the  Cargo  of  the  English  Prize  would 
Suffer  considerably  should  it  remain  on  Board,  in  the 
River  at  this  Season  I  have  directed  that  the  goods  be 
landed  and  stored  to  await  the  final  determination  of 
Government,  unfortunately  the  American  Brig  never 
came  within  my  reach,  indeed  until  the  fraud  in  regard 
to  the  English  Prize  was  fully  developed  there  was  no 
kind  of  Satisfactory  evidence  with  respect  to  her,  to  what 
nation  she  belonged  why  she  had  been  captured,  or  what 
the  intentions  of  the  Captors  were.  These  particulars 
were  brought  to  light  for  the  first  time  on  the  investiga- 
tion concerning  the  other  Prize ;  and  it  was  then  too  late 
to  take  any  effective  Measures  to  rescue  the  property. 
By  that  time  the  Brig  had  left  the  River,  was  run  aground 
on  Cat  Island  near  the  Bay  of  St.  Louis  and  burnt  all  her 
tackle  and  furniture  of  any  value  together  with  the  Cargo 
having  been  previously  Landed  partly  on  the  Island  and 
the  remainder  on  Shore  at  the  Bay  of  St.  Louis.  That 
on  the  Island  is  said  to  have  been  shortly  after  seized  by 
a  Spanish  Guarda  Costa,  and  that  on  the  Main  was  within 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  301 

the  Territories  claimed  and  Still  held  by  the  Spanish 
Authorities.  I  have  intimated  these  circumstances  to  the 
Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo,  with  a  request  should  my  infor- 
mation prove  correct,  that  the  proceeds  of  Such  goods  as 
may  have  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Spaniards,  may  be 
retained  by  the  Government  until  the  original  owners 
have  an  opportunity  of  claiming  the  Property.  The  part 
landed  at  the  Bay  of  St.  Louis  was  stored  there  in  the 
House  of  one  Jourdain  an  Inhabitant  of  this  City  who  is 
supposed  to  have  been  present  when  the  vessel  was 
Burnt,  and  assisted  in  landing  the  Cargo :  Indeed  of  these 
facts  I  have  evidence  on  oath,  I  therefore  caused  Jour- 
dain to  be  arrested  and  to  enter  into  a  recognizance  for 
his  appearance  before  any  tribunal  having  competent 
jurisdiction  in  the  premises  whensoever  he  may  be  re- 
quired. It  gives  me  much  pleasure  that  my  correspond- 
ence with  Governor  Folch  has  been  approved  of. 

I  am  with  great  respect 
your  obdt.  St. 
The  Honble  (Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  James  Pilot. 

New  Orleans  August  10th  1804 

To  The  Mayor  And  Municipality 
Gentlemen, 

I  have  the  Honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
two  Letters  of  the  9th  Instant,  the  one  relative  to  the  ar- 
rival of  Strangers  in  this  City,  and  the  other  concerning 
a  Dispute  between  Mr.  Henderson  and  one  of  his  Neigh- 
bours. In  reply  to  the  first  I  observe  that  under  the  gen- 
eral powers  with  which  the  Municipality  are  already  in- 


302  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

vested  they  have  authority  to  take  such  measures,  as  will 
not  be  inconsistent  with  personal  rights,  to  enquire  the 
names  and  characters  of  Such  Strangers  as  may  visit 
this  City,  and  if  upon  investigation  any  Suspicious  and 
dangerous  person  should  be  discovered  they  are  author- 
ized to  take  the  necessary  Steps  for  his  confinement  until 
his  Character  and  views  can  be  fairly  and  fully  made 
known.  This  investigation  being  made  by  the  Munici- 
pality and  reported  to  nie  it  will  fall  within  my  Province 
to  decide  whether  such  person  shall  be  compelled  to  leave 
the  Country  or  Suffered  to  remain  among  us,  and  I  trust 
that  in  all  cases  you  will  do  me  the  Justice  to  believe  that 
the  good  of  the  Province  and  a  Sacred  regard  to  Justice 
^^dll  be  my  guide.  I  would  propose  to  the  Municipality 
as  the  best  and  most  effectual  way  of  accomplishing  their 
wishes  in  relation  to  Strangers  to  pass  an  ordinance  di- 
recting the  Heads  of  Families,  the  Keepers  of  Taverns 
Inns,  or  Boarding  Houses  to  report  to  them  weekly  the 
names,  Professions  occupations  of  every  person  lodging 
with  them,  Specif3dng  the  jDlaces  from  whence  they  came, 
their  Colour  &c  and  to  enforce  the  Obedience  of  this  regu- 
lation, by  a  fine  not  exceeding  fifty  Dollars  for  each 
neglect.  Respecting  the  dangerous  Character  now  in  the 
River  from  Mt.  Domingo,  the  Municipality  are  recpested 
to  take  such  measures  as  they  may  think  proper  for  his 
Apprehension  and  confinement  until  his  real  character 
and  Situation  shall  be  discovered.  As  to  the  dispute  be- 
tween Mr.  Henderson  and  his  neighbour  Keyser,  about 
the  dripping  of  Water  from  the  House  of  the  former  into 
the  yard  of  the  Latter,  you  will  easily  discover  Gentle- 
men that  this  is  an  affair  of  right  between  two  Citizens, 
and  must  be  decided  before  a  Court  of  Justice,  where  both 
parties  can  be  heard  in  person  or  by  Counsel.  I  regret 
that  any  Citizen  Should  refuse  to  obey  the  regulations  of 
Police,  and  flatter  mvself  that  whenever  Mr.  Henderson 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        303 

or  any  other  person  Shall  so  offend,  that  the  Magistrates 
will  inflict  the  penalty  prescribed. 

I  am  with  Sentiments  of  Esteem  and  Consideration. 

Your  Obdt.  St. 
(Signed)   William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Pitot  Esq. 
Mayor  of  New  Orleans 


To  Echvard  D.  Turner. 

New  Orleans  August  10th  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  30th  Ultimo,  to- 
gether with  its  enclosure.  The  alarm  existing  in  your 
District  is  Such,  as  the  reports  from  Nacogdoches  were 
calculated  to  excite.  I  still  hope  however  that  the  De- 
cree Spoken  of  originates  in  the  Brain  of  the  Spanish 
Commandant,  and  that  his  conduct  will  be  disavowed  and 
punished  by  his  Superiors. 

The  Sequestrations  of  the  Property  of  Aliens  by  a 
Government  is  in  itself  an  act  of  Hostility,  and  the  invi- 
tation to  Slaves  to  escape  from  the  Service  of  their  Mas- 
ters under  a  promise  of  Freedom,  may  be  a  policy  Suited 
to  the  views  of  the  Chiefs  of  St.  Domingo  but  I  cannot 
readily  believe  that  it  would  be  resorted  to  by  the  King  of 
Spain ;  but  as  Some  interval  may  elapse  before  these  dif- 
ficulties are  altogether  removed,  I  wish  you  in  the  mean 
time,  to  employ  the  Militia  of  the  Country  as  well  as  the 
Small  body  of  regular  Troops  now  with  you  in  Such  man- 
ner as  you  shall  judge  most  expedient  to  keep  up  a  strict 
police  in  the  Country  and  check  the  evils  which  threaten 
it.  Your  Arrangements  to  that  effect  should  be  made  so 
as  to  distress  the  People  as  little  as  possible  and  prevent 
the  increase  of  Public  alarm.     I  wish  also  that  you  would 


304  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

direct  the  Inhabitants  who  loose  their  Negroes  at  this 
Cricis  to  report  the  Loss  to  you  as  Soon  as  possible  after 
the  Negroes  flight,  giving  you  the  age,  description,  rea- 
sonable value  &c  of  the  Same.  Of  these  you  will  then  be 
pleased  from  time  to  time  to  make  a  report  to  me.  Such 
papers  will  be  necessary  on  the  final  adjustment  of  the 
affairs  with  the  Spanish  Government.  I  last  evening 
communicated  your  intelligence  to  the  Marquis  to  the 
Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  who  does  not  hesitate  to  pro- 
nounce the  conduct  of  the  Spanish  Commandant  ex- 
tremely reprehensible;  and  altogether  unauthorized. 
The  Marquis  I  believe  will  write  to  him  on  the  Subject. 

I  received  by  the  last  Mail  from  Washington  letters 
of  a  late  date,  by  which  I  learn  that  the  most  perfect  good 
understanding  continues  to  Subsist  between  the  United 
States  and  Spain  and  confident  hopes  are  entertained 
that  all  difficulties  respecting  the  Country  its  Limits  &c 
will  be  Speedily  and  Amicably  adjusted. 

I  am  Sir  with  Sincere  Regard  and  Esteem 

Your  obd.  Hb.  St. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Edward  D.  Turner 
Commandant  at  Natchitoches 

P.  S.  My  Letter  to  you  by  Lieutenant  Bloodworth  will 
explain  to  you  my  Sentiments  on  the  Manner  in  which 
Civil  executions  should  be  levied  in  your  District. 

w.  c.  c.  c. 


To  Gen.  Wilkinson. 

-p.        ^. ,  New  Orleans  August  10th  1804 

I  have  received  your  Letter  from  Washington  and 
for  which  Act  of  friendly  attention  I  sincerely  think  you. 
The  allowance  of  our  expenses  while  Commissioners  gives 
me  great  pleasure,  had  they  been  rejected  I  should  have 
inevitably  been  ruined.     My  necessary  private  expendi- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       305 

tures  far  exceed  my  Salary ;  So  much  So,  that  on  a  Set- 
tlement of  my  accounts  on  the  first  of  this  month  I  was  in 
Debt  1200$  with  only  150$  in  the  House  and  not  a  Cent 
due  me  from  the  United  States.  Such  then  are  my  pros- 
pects with  respect  to  pecuniary  Matters,  and  unless  my 
Successor  Should  be  a  man  of  fortune,  I  will  predict  his 
Bankruptcy  in  about  three  or  four  years.  We  have  had 
here  some  agitation  in  the  Public  mind  on  the  Subject  of 
Political  Rights,  our  acquaintances  Edward  Livingston 
Daniel  Clark,  Evan  Jones,  and  many  French  Citizens  in 
New  Orleans  in  its  Vicinity  wish  a  State  Government, 
and  a  Spirited  petition  upon  the  Subject  drav/n  up  by  Mr. 
Livingston  is  to  be  presented  to  Congress  at  the  next 
Session.  This  agitation  has  been  increased  by  certain 
News  paper  publications  which  I  am  sorry  to  see,  but 
which  it  is  not  in  my  power  to  restrain.  The  Louisi- 
anians  heretofore  Strangers  to  the  Liberty  of  the  Press 
are  illv  prepared  to  bear  with  its  licentiousness.  To  my- 
self blame  has  attached  for  not  preventing  and  punishing 
the  abuse  and  my  forbearance  is  thought  by  Some  the 
more  unaccountable  Since  my  own  conduct  has  been  the 
Subject  of  News  Paper  animadversions,  and  many  bitter 
invectives.  I  however  discover  that  tho  Public  mind  is 
becoming  infinitely  more  tranquil,  and  I  add  with  great 
pleasure  that  the  most  perfect  good  order  prevails.  Col- 
onel Freeman  told  me  on  yesterday,  that  he  has  just 
received  a  Second  order  from  you  to  relieve  Hopkins, 
and  that  he  should  execute  the  Same.  I  am  Sorry  that 
you  have  insisted  upon  the  removal  of  this  young  man 
previous  to  October,  because  I  shall  be  at  a  Loss  to  Select 
a  Suitable  person  to  succeed  him  as  Civil  Commandant 
at  Atakapas.  My  request  to  Colonel  Freeman  was  made 
for  his  continuance  from  my  own  knowledge  of  his  pru- 
dent conduct,  and  information  that  he  was  very  much 
esteemed  by  the  Citizens.     Hopkins  conduct  has  given 


306  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Universal  Satisfaction  and  he  has  as  the  people  them- 
selvess  State  restored  order  and  harmony  to  a  District, 
where  great  discontentments  have  hitherto  existed.  I 
have  enclosed  to  the  Secretary  of  State  a  Petition  which 
I  received  from  the  Atakapas  and  I  request  that  you 
would  ask  for  a  perusal  of  it,  for  I  wish  you  to  be  con- 
vinced that  my  Letter  to  Colonel  Freeman  relative  to 
Hopkins  was  alone  dictated  on  my  part  by  a  desire  to 
gratify  the  people  and  retain  a  young  Man  in  Office  who 
had  meritted  public  confidence. 

We  have  had  a  few  cases  of  the  Yellow  Fever,  but  the 
City  is  Said  not  to  be  generally  unhealthy.  Mrs.  Clai- 
borne has  been  confined  to  her  Room  for  Week  past  with 
a  Slight  indisposition  and  I  flatter  myself  the  attack  will 
not  be  a  Serious  one.  I  am  Sorr}^  to  Learn  that  the 
Health  of  your  Amiable  Lady  is  so  much  impaired,  I  pray 
you  to  present  to  her  my  respects  accompanied  with  my 
best  wishes  for  her  Speedy  recovery. 

I  am  D  Sir  with  Sentiments  of  great  Respect 

your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Genl.  Wilkinson 
Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Armies  of  the  United  States. 


To  James  Madison. 

^.  New  Orleans  August  25th  1804 

oir. 

By  last  Mail  I  had  the  Honour  of  writing  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  a  brief  account  of  the  illness 
of  the  Governor  and  his  Lady  by  order  of  his  Excellency. 
He  now  directs  me  to  say  to  you  that  altho  a  convales- 
cent so  delicate  in  his  Health  and  so  unfavorable  the  Sea- 
son the  probability  of  a  relapse  is  by  no  means  removed. 
His  Lady's  situation  is  still  more  precarious.  It  was 
once  believed  that  she  was  recovering,  but  her  illness  has 
returned,  attended  by  such  alarming  Symptoms  that  al- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        307 

most  every  hope  of  preserving  her  life  is  extinguished. 
The  painful  Suspense  and  extreme  anxiety  of  the  Gover- 
nors mind  for  the  Situation  of  his  Lady  must  in  his  de- 
bilitated State  retard  the  establishment  of  his  Health. 
His  Official  labors  have  been  various  and  unremitting; 
Scarcely  a  moment  was  allowed  for  relaxation  and  in 
this  Country  a  larger  portion  of  rest  from  Business  is 
requisite,  than  in  many  others,  particularly  during  the 
warm  Season.  Indeed  so  much  of  a  slave  has  the  Gov- 
ernor been  to  affairs  of  the  State,  it  is  matter  of  wonder 
he  escaped  so  long.  Physicians  are  strongly  impressed 
with  an  opinion,  that  to  withdraw  a  while  from  those 
labors  which  have  hitherto  so  constantly  employed  his 
attention,  is  essential  to  the  complete  restoration  of  his 
Health.  The  City  is  generally  free  from  disease.  There 
have  been  it  is  true  a  number  of  Deaths  but  they  were 
principally  confined  to  Americans,  Strangers  to  the  cli- 
mate, among  these  it  is  said  have  been  fifteen  or  twenty 
or  twenty  cases  of  yellow  fever. 

The  disturbance  at  Baton  Rouge  has  in  great  Degree 
subsided.  The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  made  some  com- 
munications to  the  Governor  on  the  subject  but  from,  his 
inability  to  attend  to  business  at  present,  they  remain 
unanswered.  By  Letters  from  the  different  Command- 
ants, it  appears  that  a  general  tranquility  prevails 
throughout  the  Province  which  is  also  the  case  in  this 
City. 

I  am  sorry  to  add  that  Mr.  Trist  the  Collector  is  con- 
fined to  his  bed  by  a  high  Bilious  fever :  He  has  been  ill 
but  a  short  time  and  his  Physicians  do  not  think  his  case 
as  yet  dangerous. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  with  High  Respect  your  most 

obdt.  St. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)    Joseph  Briggs 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


308  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

From  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

To  His  Excellency  the  Governor  and  Intendant  Gen- 
eral 
Sir, 

While  I  was  in  hopes  that  the  indulgence  granted  to 
Kemper  and  his  party  on  the  mere  verbal  interposing  of 
your  Excellency  would  produce  the  natural  effect  to  make 
them  retire  quietly  to  their  plantations,  on  seeing  seeing 
every  thing  buried  in  oblivion,  I  have  just  received  the 
disagreeable  news  that  the  Brothers  Nathan  and  Samuel 
Kemper  are  always  going  about  with  arms  accompanied 
by  men  of  their  party  threatening  every  body,  and  that 
they  have  already  gone  so  far  as  to  commit  serious  of- 
fences such  as  murdering  on  the  third  instant  a  Con- 
stable with  a  Pistol,  and  taking  of  the  skin  of  another 
with  lashes  in  all  which  their  Brother  Reuben  is  co-oper- 
ating from  this  City  by  the  threats  which  he  is  exercis- 
ing in  writing  to  Justice  Alexander  Sterling.  Finally 
on  the  7th  instant  they  have  arrested  the  Captain  of 
Militia  Don  Vincent  Pintard  the  Justice  Don  Juan  0  Con- 
ner, and  the  Planter  Champner  Terry,  and  have  raised 
up  a  Standard  bearing  Seven  Stripes,  white  and  blue  and 
two  Stars  at  the  upper  end  with  the  design  of  Surprising 
Don  Carlos  De  Grand  Pre  in  his  House,  and  falling  after- 
wards on  the  Fort  of  Baton  Rouge  which  attempt  I  am 
informed  they  have  made  but  without  success,  because 
the  Governor  received  timely  notice  of  it,  altho  no  more 
than  two  or  three  bands  of  20  or  25  Men  each  have  been 
discovered  as  yet  the  reports  of  the  Alcades  or  justices 
and  of  Several  other  Inhabitants  of  Feliciana  agree  in 
saying  that  the  whole  District  is  in  a  State  of  Insurrec- 
tion, as  is  likewise  that  of  Tonica,  by  why  you  are  led  to 
believe  the  reality  of  the  piece  or  Proclamation  which 
they  have  published,  and  whereof  I  herewith  send  your 
Excellency  a  Copy.     The  Harmony  and  perfect  under- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        309 

standing  which  happily  exist  between  his  Catholic  Ma- 
jesty and  the  United  States,  do  not  permit  me  to  enter- 
tain the  least  idea  that  their  Government  should  directly 
or  indirectly  countenance  such  troubles,  but  considering 
that  if  they  were  not  repressed  in  their  beginning  they 
might  occasion  consequences  fatal  to  both  Governments 
relying  also  on  the  assurances  wiiich  your  Excellency  has 
made  me  verbally  at  repeated  times  I  cannot  forbear  to 
claim  of  your  good  faith  that  you  may  be  pleased  to  make 
use  of  your  authority  and  write  to  the  Governor  Pro  tem 
of  the  Mississippi  Territory  and  to  the  Commandant  of 
Point  Coupee  informing  them  that  for  no  motive  what- 
ever they  must  suffer  nor  give  refuge  to  any  of  the  rebels 
of  the  Feliciana  District,  and  that  you  may  if  necessary 
admonish  and  reprimand  Reuben  Kemper  who  is  in  this 
City,  to  put  a  Stop  to  his  incendiary  publications  and 
change  his  conduct,  and  have  him  secured  in  the  Jail. 
Meantime  the  Governor  of  West  Florida  is  taking  such 
measures  as  the  Public  tranquility  requires.^ 
May  God  Grant  your  Excellency  a  long  life. 

(Signed)       The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 
New  Orleans  Augt.  11th  1804 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  ' 

New  Orleans  27th  August  1804 
Sir, 

I  avail  myself  of  the  first  moments  of  returning 
Strength  to  reply  to  your  Excellency's  Letter  of  the  11th 
Instant  which  I  received  during  my  illness,  I  regret  ex- 

^  Outbreaks  caused  by  the  Americans  of  West  Florida  in  opposition 
to  Spanish  rule. 


310  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

tremely  that  my  late  Treatment  of  Mr.  Kemper'  and  the 
advice  he  received  from  me,  have  not  been  attended  with 
the  Salutary  effects  which  were  expected.  The  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  devoted  to  the  preservation  of 
social  order  cannot  view  without  real  concern  any  of  her 
friendly  neighbours  harrassed  by  Such  dissentions  as 
you  complain  of,  and  I  therefore  presume  it  is  Scarcely 
necessary  for  me  to  repeat  to  your  Excellency  that  the 
Insurgents  in  West  Florida  have  never  received  any  en- 
couragement or  countenance  in  aii}^  Shape  from  the 
American  Government  or  its  Officers.  In  compliance 
however  with  your  Excellency s  request,  I  will  address 
Letters  to  the  acting  Governor  of  the  Mississippi  Terri- 
tory, and  the  Commandant  at  Point  Coupee  with  a  view 
of  preventing  any  aid  being  given  to  the  Insurrection, 
from  the  Territories  now  in  possession  of  the  American 
Republic. 

In  consequence  of  your  Suggestions  relative  to  Reu- 
ben Kemper,  Said  to  be  now  in  this  City,  I  shall  take 
prompt  measures  to  have  him  again  before  me,  and  in- 
vestigate his  conduct  in  regard  to  the  Subject  of  your 
Letter.  With  a  Sincere  wish  that  West  Florida  may  soon 
be  restored  to  the  blessings  of  Public  tranquility 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  with  High  respect 

your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)        William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


(Circular) 

c,.  New  Orleans  28th  August  1804 

feir, 

I  am  informed  by  the  Mayor  of  this  City  that  the  Sup- 
plies of  the  Market  are  not  Sufficiently  plentiful  for  the 

*  Kemper  County,  Mississippi,  was  named  in  honor  of  Reuben  Kem- 
per.   For  data  see  Encyclopedia  of  Mississippi  History,  Vol.  1,  p.  999. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  311 

comfortable  Support  of  the  Citizens  and  others,  and  that 
the  Scarcity  of  Meat  particularly  Beef  is  observal)le. 
Will  you  give  this  information  to  the  People  of  your  Dis- 
trict, and  urge  them  to  send  the  surplus  of  their  Provi- 
sions to  New  Orleans.  Beef,  Mutton,  Meats  of  every 
kind.  Poultry  and  Vegitahles  would  all  receive  prompt 
and  lucrative  sales.  The  Inhabitants  need  not  appre- 
hend any  danger  by  visiting  the  City,  it  is  true  that  di- 
seases prevail  and  many  Strangers  Die,  but  I  am  assured 
by  the  Ph^^sicians  that  the  season  is  not  unusually 
healthy  and  no  contagious  Malady  exists. 

I  am  &c 
(Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
To  the  Civil  Commandants  in  the  Several  Districts  in 
Louisiana 


To  Cato  West 

New  Orleans  August  29th  1805 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honor  to  enclose  you  an  accurate  transla- 
tion of  a  Letter  to  me  from  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 
upon  the  subject  of  the  Insurrection  in  West  Florida,  to- 
gether with  a  copy  of  my  answer  thereto.  This  latter 
Document  will  show  you  my  Sentiments  on  the  Occasion, 
and  should  they  be  in  Unison  with  yours  of  which  I  en- 
tertain no  doubt,  I  am  well  assured  you  will  direct  Such 
measures  as  may  be  necessary  to  prevent  the  Citizens  of 
the  Mississippi  Territory  residing  near  the  line  from  tak- 
ing any  part  in  the  dispute.  A  Severe  attack  of  the  Fever 
prevented  me  from  making  this  communication  earlier. 
It  has  pleased  God  however  to  preserve  me  from  the  fate 
of  many  of  my  Countrj^nen,  here  this  Summer,  and  I 
hope  before  long  to  regain  Strength  Sufficient  for  the  du- 
ties of  my  Station. 


312  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Mrs.  Claiborne  has  been  ill  for  several  weeks  but  her 
disease  assumed  on  yesterday  a  favorable  aspect  and 
strong  hopes  (which  I  pray  God  may  be  realized)  are  now 
entertained  of  her  recovery.  My  much  esteemed  Friend 
H.  B.  Trist  is  no  more !  He  paid  the  Debt  of  Nature  on 
this  Morning.  His  disease  is  said  to  have  been  the  Yel- 
low Fever,  of  which  eight  or  ten  persons  have  died  with- 
in a  few  days  past. 

I  wish  you  Health  and  Happiness 
With  great  Respect 
Your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Cato  West  Esquire 
Acting  Governor  of  the  Mississippi  Territory 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  August  30th  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  to  you  a  correspondence 
relative  to  the  Insurrection  at  Baton  Rouge  consisting  of 
a  Letter  from  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  to  myself  with 
my  answer  thereto,  and  Letters  of  advice  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  and  the  Commandant  at 
Point  Coupee.  I  am  happy  to  inform  you  from  late  intel- 
ligence that  tliis  unpleasant  affair  is  fast  approaching  to 
a  close. 

With  great  Respect  and  Esteem  Sir 

I  am  your  most  obdt.  Hb.  St. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        313 

To  Julien  Poydrass 

^.  New  Orleans  August  30th  1804 

bir, 

It  having  been  represented  to  me  by  the  Marquis  of 
Casa  Calvo  that  some  serious  acts  of  insurrection  have 
been  committed  in  West  Florida,  by  certain  armed  bodies 
of  Malcontents,  permit  me  to  suggest  to  you  the  propri- 
ety of  using  all  the  means  in  your  power  to  prevent  Citi- 
zens of  your  District  from  aiding  the  Insurgents. 

A  severe  attack  of  the  prevailing  fever  in  this  City, 
prevented  me  from  making  this  communication  earlier: 
It  has  pleased  God  however  to  preserve  me  from  the  fate 
of  many  of  my  Countrymen  here  this  Sununer,  and  I 
hope  before  long  to  regain  strength  sufficient  for  the  du- 
ties of  my  station. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  with 

Respect  your  Obdt.  St. 
(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Julien  Poydrass  Esqr. 
Commandant  &c    Point  Coupee 


To  James  Madison. 
g.^  New  Orleans  30  August  1804 

In  the  Commencement  of  my  late  illness  I  received 
from  the  Conmiandant  of  Natchitoches  the  Letter  No.  1 
enclosing  a  Petition  of  which  No.  2  is  a  translation  and 
returned  the  answer  No.  3.     These  Papers  would  have 
been  forwarded  to  the  Department  of  State  at  an  earlier 
period,  had  not  the  rapid  advance  of  my  indisposition 
totally  prevented  me  from  any  kind  of  business. 
I  am  Sir  with  Respect  and  Esteem 
Your  obdt.  St. 
The  Honble  (Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


314  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  Albert  Gallatin. 

New  Orleans  31  August  1804 
Sir, 

Enclosed  you  Avill  receive  an  account  of  my  Public  ex- 
penditures for  four  months  including  the  present  "with 
the  Vouchers  supporting  the  same  amounting  to  1551$  & 
11  Cts. 

I  have  just  passed  through  a  violent  and  dangerous 
disease  and  am  slowly  recovering  from  its  enfeebling 
effects.  My  Disease  is  said  to  have  been  the  Yellow 
fever  to  which  many  Americans  here  have  fallen  Victims 
and  among  them  my  much  esteemed  friend  H.  B.  Trist. 
His  loss  is  a  Public  Misfortune,  and  will  be  attended  I 
fear  mth  much  private  Distress.  Mr.  Trist  was  faith- 
ful to  the  Trust  reposed  in  him,  and  had  he  lived  a  few 
years  longer,  would  have  made  ample  provision  for  the 
Amiable  family  dependent  on  him.  I  am  fearful  he  has 
left  them  with  small  resources. 

The  care  of  the  Public  Revenue  for  the  present  de- 
volves on  Mr.  William  Bro^^m,  and  I  am  persuaded  his 
conduct  mil  evince  great  judgment,  discretion,  industry 
and  integrity.  I  ^dew  him  as  a  very  promising  Young 
Man. 

I  am  Sir  with  great 

Esteem  and  Respect 
Your  obdt.  Sevt. 
(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
Albert  Gallatin 
Secty  of  the  Treasury 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       315 

To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  1st  of  September  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  this  moment  received  from  Captain  Turner 
Commandant  at  Natchitoches  the  enclosed  Letter  from  a 
Mr.  Davenport  to  Doctor  Sibley,  and  hasten  to  transmit 
it  to  you. 

This  Letter  appears  in  Some  degree  to  confirm  the 
information  given  by  Captain  Turner  (already  forwarded 
to  the  Department  of  State,  relative  to  a  Decree  of  the 
Spanish  Government,  encouraging  the  escape  of  slaves 
from  the  service  of  their  Masters. 

With  Esteem  and  Respect 

I  am  Sir  your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State. 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

^.  New  Orleans  Septmeber  1st.  1804 

oir, 

Since  the  personal  conference  I  had  with  your  Ex- 
cellency upon  the  Subject  of  the  alarm  existing  among 
the  Inhabitants  of  Louisiana  residing  on  Red  River,  in 
consequence  of  certain  reports  from  Nacogdoches,  I  have 
received  further  advices,  by  which  it  Avould  seem  that  the 
Commandant  at  Nacogdoches  does  actually  exhibit  a 
paper  which  he  calls  a  Royal  Decree  purporting  that  a 
free  and  friendly  assylum  shall  be  afforded  in  the  Do- 
minions of  his  Catholic  Majesty  to  Such  Slave  or  Slaves 
as  Shall  escape  from  the  Territories  of  any  foreign 
power"  A  proceeding  of  this  kind  would  operate  so 
greatly  to  the  injury  of  the  Citizens  of  the  United  States 
and  so  illy  comports  with  the  friendly  understanding 


316  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

happily  subsisting  between  our  two  Nations,  that  I  can- 
not think  the  paper  in  question  a  genuine  one.  It  is  my 
duty  however  to  bring  the  Subject  in  the  view  of  your 
Excellency,  and  to  ask  whether  there  is  Such  a  Decree  of 
his  Catholic  Majesty  in  existence  as  is  herein  mentioned. 
Accept  assurances  of  my  great  Respect  and  High  Con- 

( Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  James  Pilot. 
^.  New  Orleans  Septmeber  1st  1804 

I  have  received  with  great  regret  your  Letter  of  the 
31st  Ultimo.  The  resignation  of  a  capable,  honest  Vigi- 
lent  officer  I  consider  as  a  Public  loss  which  at  this  par- 
ticular crisis  will  be  Sensibly  felt.  Cannot  I  therefore 
prevail  upon  you  to  retain  still  longer  your  present  office, 
at  least  until  the  Legislative  Council  probably  will  be  or- 
ganized in  the  course  of  the  ensuing  Month  shall  have 
made  some  permanent  regulation  for  the  good  police  of 
New  Orleans,  and  in  those  regulations  I  sincerely  hope 
such  provision  may  be  made  for  the  Mayor  of  the  City  as 
will  liberally  compensate  that  Officer  for  the  time  and 
the  trouble  attending  the  discharge  of  his  duties. 

From  the  consideration  above  alluded  to,  I  must  fur- 
ther decline  the  acceptance  of  your  resignation  and  solicit 
a  continuance  of  your  public  services. 

I  pray  you  to  accept  my  best  AVishes  and  believe  me 
to  be 

With  great  Respect  &  Sincere  Esteem 
Your  obdt.  St, 
rpi     TT     1^1  (Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Pitot  Esq. 
Mayor  of  New  Orleans 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        317 

To  James  Pitot. 

New  Orleans  3rd  Sept.  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality 
•Gentlemen, 

I  have  received  from  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  sun- 
dry Documents  of  accounts,  purporting  to  relate  to  suits 
adjusted  and  determined  by  the  late  Contador  of  the 
Armies  of  Spain  in  Louisiana,  Mr.  Don  Juan  Ventura 
Morales,  of  a  nature  interesting  to  the  representatives, 
and  Creditors  of  Colonel  Maxent  Deceased,  also  thirty 
Seven  Dollars  and  five  bitts  which  is  stated  to  be  the  sum 
remaining  for  division  among  the  Creditors  of  the  said 
Maxent. 

I  have  to  request  that  these  Documents  be  placed 
among  the  Archives  of  the  Municipality,  subject  to  the 
inspection  of  persons  interested  and  that  the  money  be 
deposited  in  the  Treasury  of  the  City  subject  to  the  dis- 
position of  the  legal  claimants. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  with  great  Respect  and  high 
consideration 

your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Pitot  Esqr. 
Mayor  of  New  Orleans 


From  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

The  Justice  Thomas  Randall  has  just  now  violated  the 
Assylum  of  my  House,  in  the  passage  of  which  he  has 

arrested  and  as of  his  own  authority  and  Avithout 

giving  me  the  least  notice,  has  taken  away  Prisoner  a 


Or 


318  MISSISSIPPI    TEREITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

certain  Bias  Ciergo.  I  am  far  from  intending  to  give  a 
shelter  to  the  crime,  but  much  less  can  I  suffer  the  respect 
due  to  me  to  be  assailed  with  Such  an  insult  and  rudeness 
I  therefore  have  recourse  to  your  Excellency  to  require 
the  due  satisfaction  which  I  wish  &  expect  to  receive. 
Praying  God  to  grant  your  Excellency  a  long  life 

At  my  House,  at  one  oClock  in  the  afternoon  Septem- 
ber 2nd  1804. 

(Signed)      The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 
His  Excellency 
The  Gov.  &  Intendant  General  &c 


The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  September  4th  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  2nd  Instant,  com- 
plaining that  the  Assylum  of  your  House  had  been  vio- 
lated, and  insult  and  rudeness  offered  to  your  person  in 
consequence  of  the  arrest  in  your  passage  of  a  certain 
Bias  Ciergo,  by  order  of  Thomas  Randall  a  justice  of  the 
peace  in  and  for  this  City,  and  requiring  of  me  due  sat- 
isfaction. To  enable  me  to  ascertain  the  extent  of  the 
injury  your  Excellency  has  received,  it  is  necessary  I 
should  be  informed  whether  or  not  Bias  Ciergo  was  a 
Member  of  your  Excellencys  Household,  and  what  was 
the  cause  of  his  arrest.  If  Bias  Ciergo  is  charged  with 
a  Breach  of  the  peace,  my  present  impression  is,  that  his 
seeking  an  Assylum  in  the  House  of  your  Excellency  did 
not  exempt  him  from  the  pursuit  of  the  Civil  Magistrates. 

I  will  thank  your  Excellency  therefore  to  furnish  me 
with  a  more  detailed  relation  of  this  Transaction,  in  order 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        319 

that  such  measures  as  the  nature  of  the  case  shall  re- 
quire may  be  taken. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  Respect  and  High  Con- 
sideration. 

(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


From  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

To  His  Excellency  the  Governor  General  and  Intend- 
ant  of  this  Province 

Sir, 

I  have  enquired  with  great  care  into  the  Matter  of 
which  you  have  been  pleased  to  inform  me,  under  date  of 
the  1st  Int.  relative  to  the  Royal  Decree,  which  the  Com- 
mandant of  Nacogdoches  publishes,  offering  a  free  as- 
sylum  to  the  Slaves  who  would  fly  to  the  Dominions  of 
His  Catholic  Majesty,  and  I  cannot  do  less  than  believe 
that  in  this  case  some  mistaken  intelligence  or  some  very 
awkward  error  must  have  happened,  on  the  part  of  that 
Commandant.  To  prevent  either  I  have  not  only  written 
him  on  the  following  day,  but  I  have  also  acquainted  the 
Ministry  with  that  occurrence.  As  I  cannot  conceive  that 
the  Said  Officer  may  have  committed  such  an  absurdity, 
I  have  desired  him  to  send  me  a  Copy  of  the  above  men- 
tioned Decree,  which  in  my  opinion  can  be  no  other  than 
the  order  which  Was  put  in  circulation  during  the  last 
War,  whereby  his  Majesty  was  pleased  to  declare  that 
the  Negroes  who  would  take  refuge  in  his  Dominions 
would  be  sold  for  the  benefit  of  his  Treasury,  from  this 
your  Excellency  may  infer  that  such  a  measure  on  the 
part  of  my  Sovereign  has  not  had  and  cannot  have  any 
effect  in  the  actual  situation  of  this  Province  in  conse- 
quence of  its  retrocession.    I  may  therefore  assure  your 


nj 


320  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL,     ARCHIVES. 

Excellency  that  you  have  nothing  to  apprehend  for  the 
Properties  and  Slaves  of  this  Country,  that  Spain  will 
respect  the  privileges  and  rights  of  the  Inhabitants  of 
Natchitoches  from  motives  of  Interest,  generosity  and 
national  Honor,  as  well  as  on  account  of  the  good  under- 
standing and  mutual  attention  which  neighbouring  Na- 
tions, tied  moreover  by  the  sacred  obligations  of  a  Treaty 
owe  one  another.  May  God  grant  your  Excellency  a  long 
Life. 

New  Orleans  Sept.  5th  1804 

(Signed)       The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  iTie  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  Sept.  5th  1804 
Sir, 

The  Translator  for  the  Government  of  Louisiana  has 
this  day  returned  to  my  Office  Translations  of  your  Ex- 
cellencys  Letters  of  the  16th  of  June  and  26th  of  July. 
The  neglect  of  this  Officer  may  in  some  degree  be  attri- 
buted to  his  indisposition  and  My  o^\^\  late  illness. 

I  however  particularly  regret  the  delay  of  the  Trans- 
lation of  your  Letter  of  the  16th  of  June  because  a  speedy 
reply  to  it  which  would  have  been  made  might  have  pre- 
vented your  extraordinary  communication  of  the  26th 
July,  the  language  of  which  I  conceive  highly  exception- 
able, and  the  sentiments  totally  inadmissable.  The  affair 
of  Villamil  has  taken  a  turn  which  I  had  not  anticipated, 
and  your  Excellency  has  evercised  an  authority  which  I 
cannot  approbate  much  less  can  I  enforce  any  Decree 
which  you  may  take  upon  yourself  to  render  on  this  or 
(other)  occasion,  I  know  of  no  Courts  in  Louisiana  but 
those  deriveing  their  power  from  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  nor  can  Judicial  process  issue  from  any 
other  Authorities. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF     W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  321 

Having  made  these  general  remarks  I  will  proceed  to 
give  you  a  concise  statement  of  the  affair  of  Villamil  as 
it  falls  within  my  knowledge,  together  with  the  part  1 
have  acted;-  But  I  wish  it  to  be  understood  that  this 
Statement  is  offered  not  to  Justify  my  conduct  to  your 
Excellency,  but  solely  to  place  the  subject  in  its  true  point 
of  view.  Shortly  after  the  United  States  had  taken  pos- 
session of  Louisiana,  and  previous  to  the  time  prescribed 
b}^  Treaty  for  the  evacuation  of  the  province  by  the  Span- 
ish forces  Don  Juan  Ventura  Morales  late  Contador  of 
the  Armies  and  Intendant  under  the  Government  of 
Spain  informed  me  by  Letter  that  there  are  in  the  Public 
Deposit  of  this  City  a  number  of  Slaves  seized  as  the 
Property  of  Don  Pedro  Villamil  late  Steward  of  the  Roy- 
al Hospital,  of  this  place  in  which  employment  the  Su- 
perior Tribunal  and  Royal  Audience  of  Accounts  of  Hav- 
ana declared  him  indebted  in  the  Sum  of  9734  $,  for  its 
reimbursement  as  Villamil  not  only  has  not  furnished  the 
Security  which  he  had  offered,  but  has  also  absented  him- 
self from  the  Province  and  fled  from  its  decisions,  his 
Honor  the  Auditor  of  War  has  advised  by  his  Decree  of 
the  23rd  Instant  to  which  I  have  agreed,  that  we  should 
proceed  to  an  evaluation  of  the  Slaves  by  the  Intelligent 
persons  named  for  that  purpose,  that  they  should  be  Sold 
at  Public  Auction,  and  the  proceeds  paid  into  the  Treas- 
ury giving  Notice  in  the  Gazette,  that  the  public  may  be 
informed  of  it,  with  a  previous  intimation  from  me  by  an 
Official  Letter  as  usual  to  your  Excellency,  for  your  Co- 
operation as  Territorial  Judge.  In  consequence  I  beg 
and  intreat  your  Excellency  may  be  pleased  to  give  your 
consent  that  such  notice  may  be  given  in  the  Moniteur, 
and  the  Sale  made  at  my  dwelling  House,  that  this  busi- 
ness which  concerns  the  Revenue  may  be  finished,  with 
the  expedition  recommended  to  me  by  the  Tribunal  of  Ac- 

II — 21 


r^' 


322  MISSISSIPPI    TEKRITORIAL,     ARCHIVES. 

counts  with  the  further  additions  of  damages  and  ex- 
pellees which  may  occur  from  the  delay,  I  flatter  myself 
your  Excellency  will  have  less  difficulty  in  acceeding  to 
my  request,  inasmuch  as  by  so  doing,  without  injuring  the 
rights  of  your  Government,  you  will  give  an  equivocal 
proof  of  3"our  disposition  to  afford  protection  to  the 
affairs  in  which  my  Sovereign  has  so  great  an  interest 
as  what  I  have  before  mentioned. ' ' 

In  my  reply  to  the  above  Letter,  the  Sale  was  assent- 
ed to  under  an  impression  that  the  statement  of  Mr.  Mor- 
ales was  correct ;  that  the  decision  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  Havana  was  founded  in  Justice,  and  that  the  sale  of 
the  Negroes  would  tend  to  promote  the  Interest  of  the 
King  of  Spain,  and  to  draw  to  a  close  the  operations  of 
His  Catholic  Majesty's  officers  in  Louisiana,  which  were 
essential  to  a  Speedy  and  complete  evacuation  of  the 
Province. 

The  sale  I  understood  Shortl}^  thereafter  took  place, 
and  that  a  Mr.  Hulin  a  Citizen  of  Louisiana  became  the 
purchaser.  I  do  not  recollect  to  have  heard  any  thing 
further  upon  the  Subject  until  the  receipt  of  your  Excel-' 
lencys  Letter  of  the  12th  of  May  in  which  you  remarked 
"I  have  received  a  Dispatch  from  the  Royal  Tribunal  of 
accounts  of  Havana  to  the  end  of  taking  cognizance  with- 
out the  interference  of  Mr.  Morales  heretofore  Intendant 
of  these  Provinces  of  the  Collection  of  the  Kings  Reve- 
nues whereof  is  Debtor  Mr.  Peter  Villamil  receiver  of  the 
Royal  Hospital  of  this  place,  and  it  being  necessary  to 
make  some  researches  for  the  purpose  of  verifying  cer- 
tain Judicial  proceedings  wherein  the  aforesaid  Intend- 
ant has  gone  beyond  his  faculties  inasmuch  as  he  not  yet 
obeyed  the  orders  of  the  above  mentioned  Superior  Tri- 
bunal. I  inform  your  Excellency  of  this  circumstance 
with  a  \dew  of  obtaining  the  necessary  assistance  to  en- 
able me  to  terminate  the  business  as  soon  as  possible,  and 
the  permission  authorizing  Peter  Pedesclaux  formerly 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOKNTE"..  323 

the  Notary  of  the  Government  nnder  the  Spanish  Do- 
minion to  act  in  this  instance." 

To  the  above  request  I  acceeded  from  a  conviction, 
that  the  object  of  the  contemplated  researches,  was  an 
investigation  of  the  Official  Conduct  of  the  late  Intend- 
ant.     I  deemed  it  improper  to  withhold  from  your  Ex- 
cellency a  view  of  any  of  the  Records  of  this  Province,, 
which  might  throw  light  on  the  Subject,  and  accordingly 
in  my  Letter  of  the  16th  of  May  you  were  advised  that  I 
had  no  objection  to  Mr.  Peter  Pedesclaux's  assisting  you 
in  the  researches  you  were  charged  to  make,  and  taking 
for  your  use.  Extracts  from  or  copies  of  Such  Judicial 
proceedings  as  may  be  on  file  in  any  of  the  Offices  in. 
Louisiana,  from  subsequent  conversations  between  us,  I 
infered  that  in  addition  to  an  investigation  of  the  Liten- 
dants  conduct,  your  researches  in  Villamils  affair  were 
designed  to  enable  you  to  aid  Villamil  in  the  prosecution 
of  a  claim  to  the  Negroes  in  question  before  a  Competent 
Tribunal.    But  I  never  until  this  day  supposed,  that  your 
Excellency  would  have  thought  yourself  authorized  to 
exercise  Judicial  powers  in  Louisiana  and  to  make  De- 
crees which  were  obligatory.     The  Letter  of  the  16th  of 
June  was  delivered  to  me  on  the  Same  day  by  Mr.  Peter 
Pedesclaux,  who,  through  an  Interpreter  informed  me 
that  it  related  to  Villamils  affair,  and  was  of  a  nature  to- 
require  my  prompt  interference,  that  you  represented  the 
Sale  to  Hulin  as  a  fraudulent  Transaction,  and  that  the 
Negroes  were  in  fact  still  the  Property  of  Villamil,  Mr. 
Pedesclaux  added,  that  Hulin  was  at  that  time  endeav- 
ouring to  make  sale  of  the  Negroes,  and  that  your  Excel- 
lency solicited  me  to  notify  the  Notaries  Public  in  this 
City  of  the  fraud  Suggested,  in  order  that  no  person 
might  purchase  the  Said  Negroes  without  information  of" 
the  exception  which  would  be  taken  to  the  Titles. 

Relying  on  the  accuracy  of  Mr.  Pedesclaux's  State- 
ment desirous  of  preventing  any  Citizen  of  Louisiana. 


324  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

from  being  benefitted  by  a  fraudulent  transaction,  or  im- 
posing upon  others,  and  to  manifest  at  the  Same  time  a 
respectful  attention  to  your  Excellencies  representations, 
I  addressed  to  the  Notary  Peter  Pedesclaux  a  Note  of 
which  the  enclosed  Marked  A  is  a  Copy,  intending  to  re- 
ply particularly  to  your  Letter,  as  soon  as  a  translation 
was  furnished  by  the  Translator  for  the  Government  Mr. 
Derbigny,  to  whom  as  is  usual  the  original  was  immedi- 
ately transmitted.  I  refer  you  to  this  Letter  to  the  No- 
tary, and  on  perusing  it,  you  will  find  no  part,  that  can 
be  construed  as  Sanctioning  any  Decree  of  yours.  The 
Notary  is  only  informed  that  the  Transaction  has  been 
represented  to  me  as  fraudulent,  and  to  make  known  the 
same  to  all  persons  who  may  apply  for  the  drawing  or 
Registering  Bills  of  Sale  for  the  slaves  aforesaid  with  a 
view,  that  no  person  might  purchase  these  Slaves,  or  any 
of  them  without  a  knowledge  of  the  exceptions  which 
might  be  taken  to  the  Titles.  I  know  not  to  what  your 
Excellency  alludes  when  you  Speak  of  a  Decree's  being 
rendered  by  my  Court  in  this  affair.  No  Judgment  or 
Decree  has  been  rendered  by  me.  Suit  is  commenced  by 
Hulin  against  Villamil  but  as  it  has  not  come  to  Trial,  I 
remain  uninformed  to  the  merits  of  the  case.  The 
charges  contained  in  your  Letter  that,  "Credit  is  given 
to  Cabals,  and  that  attention  is  in  preference  paid  to  the 
ill-  grounded  pretensions  of  those  who  for  private  pur- 
poses are  conspiring  to  defeat  the  just  right  of  your  Sov- 
ereign and  to  usurp  audaciously  the  property  of  his  Sub- 
jects" and  further  that  the  Subjects  of  his  Catholic  Ma- 
jesty, ''are  even  placed  out  of  the  Class  of  the  Citizens  of 
the  United  States  in  the  common  course  of  Justice"  de- 
deserve  Sir  no  other  notice  from  me  than  a  declaration 
that  they  are  as  illiberal  as  they  are  groundless.  And  I 
must  pray  your  Excellency  in  any  future  communication 
you  may  think  proper  to  make  to  the  Chief  Magistrate  of 
Louisiana,  to  use  a  language  less  exceptionable  and  to 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  325 

manifest  more  respect  for  the  integrity  and  independence 
of  his  Character. 

Hulin  is  in  the  peaceable  possession  of  certain  Slaves, 
and  of  that  possession  he  cannot  be  deprived  but  by  the 
Law  of  the  Land  and  the  agency  of  the  constituted  Au- 
thorities of  Louisiana.  If  Villamil  has  a  Claim  to  these 
Slaves  the  Courts  are  open  to  him  and  that  Justice  will 
be  rendered  which  every  Suitor  receives  in  the  Judiciary 
of  the  United  States.  If  Villamil  has  in  his  possession 
slaves  which  Hulin  claims,  he  may  likewise  appeal  to 
those  Same  Tribunals.  The  moment  a  subject  of  his 
Catholic  Majesty  or  of  any  other  foreign  Power  sets  his 
foot  on  the  Territory  of  Louisiana,  he  is  bound  to  respect 
our  Laws,  and  for  a  Breach  of  them  is  held  responsible, 
he  is  also  under  the  protection  of  the  same  Laws,  and 
may  appeal  to  them  for  a  redress  of  any  injury  received, 
it  was  not  necessary  therefore  to  administer  to  Mr.  Jolly 
or  to  Hulin  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  United  States  - 
nor  has  it  been  done  to  enable  them  to  apply  to  the  Courts 
of  Louisiana  for  the  maintenance  of  their  rights. 

Before  I  conclude  this  Communication  I  must  inform 
your  Excellency  that  the  menace  in  the  last  sentence  of 
your  Letter  will  not  in  the  least  influence  my  conduct,  to 
your  Court  Sir  I  owe  no  responsibility,  I  nevertheless 
should  be  wanting  in  duty  were  I  not  on  all  proper  oc- 
casions to  manifest  a  readiness  to  Support  the  Interest  of 
the  Ally  of  the  United  States,  His  Catholic  Majesty. 
With  respect  to  your  intended  representation  to  the  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States,  I  can  only  observe  that  it  can- 
not fail  to  terminate  Honorably  to  the  Officer  who  dis- 
charges the  Trust  reposed  in  him  with  Integrity  and  firm- 
ness. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  High  and  Consideration 
(Signed)        William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


^26  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 

New  Orleans  September  6th  1804 
Sir, 

The  receipt  of  your  Excellency's  Letter  of  the  2nd  of 
August  would  sooner  have  been  acknowledged,  had  not 
my  late  illness  prevented  me  until  very  lately  from  at- 
tending to  any  kind  of  business,  The  favorable  senti- 
ments of  the  Captain  General  of  Cuba  towards  the  Com- 
merce of  the  Unitel  States,  and  his  determination  to  pro- 
tect the  same,  cannot  fail  to  be  satisfactory  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  to  whom  I  shall  transmit  your 
Excellency's  Letter. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  Respect  and  high  Con- 
sideration 

(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 

New  Orleans  Sept.  7th  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Excellencys  Letter  of  the  1st  and  fifth  of  the 
present  month  have  been  duly  received.  The  claim  which 
Don  Fernando  Perdemes  has  against  the  o^^mer  of  the 
Ship  Lady  Nugent,  must  be  prosecuted  in  one  of  the 
Courts  of  Louisiana  and  as  the  sum  claimed  falls  mthin 
the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of  pleas  in  and  for  the  City 
of  New  Orleans,  I  would  recommend  that  recourse  be  had 
to  that  Tribunal  where  Justice  no  doubt  mil  be  speedily 
rendered.  I  am  under  obligations  to  your  Excellency  for 
your  prompt  attention  to  my  Letter  of  the  1st  Instant, 
and  I  Sincerely  hope  that  your  communication  to  the 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF     W.  C,  C.  CLAIBORNE.  327 

Commandant  at  Nacogdoches  will  have  happy  effects.  It 
affords  nie  great  pleasure  to  learn  that  in  the  opinion  of 
your  Excellency  there  is  no  existing  Decree  of  His  Cath- 
olic Majesty  respecting  Slaves  which  can  operate  to  the 
Injury  of  the  Citizens  of  the  United  States  and  I  persu- 
ade myself  your  view  of  the  Subject  will  prove  to  be  cor- 
rect, I  nevertheless  should  Suppose  that  it  would  be  to 
the  mutual  Interest  of  the  United  States  and  Spain  to 
discourage  the  escape  of  Slaves  from  the  service  of  their 
Masters,  by  delivering  them  up  to  the  legal  owners 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  Respect  and  high  Con- 
sideration 

(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  James  Madison 
^.  New  Orleans  September  8th  1804 

Enclosed  is  a  Letter  to  me  from  the  Marquis  of  Casa 
Calvo  which  will  shew  you  the  probable  disposition  of 
the  Governor  General  of  Cuba  towards  the  Commerce  of 
the  United  States,  and  the  desire  he  feels  to  prevent  Pri- 
vateers from  making  Sale  of  their  Prizes  within  the  Lim- 
its of  his  Government. 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  the  most  per- 
fect good  order  continues  to  prevail  in  this  City  and  I 
believe  throughout  Louisiana.  I  have  just  heard  that  the 
Insurrection  in  West  Florida  is  not  yet  Quelled,  but  on 
the  contrary  that  the  number  of  Malcontents  has  increas- 
ed 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 

Your  Hbl.  St.' 
The  Honble.  (Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secretarv  of  State 


328  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  Sept.  8th  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honor  to  enclose  yon  a  copy  of  a  Letter 
which  I  addressed  to  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo,  upon  the 
subject  of  the  alarm  excited  at  Natchitoches,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  reports  from  Nacogdoches,  together  with  a 
translation  of  his  answer  thereto.  I  should  at  an  earlier 
period  have  addressed  the  Marquis  on  this  subject  but 
was  prevented  by  may  late  illness. 

The  Mail  due  from  the  Northward  on  yesterday  has 
not  arrived.  The  irregularities  in  the  Post  is  much  com- 
plained of,  but  I  presume  it  principally  arises  from  the 
difficulties  of  the  Wildnerness  road,  between  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory  and  Tenessee.  The  Rider  is  frequently 
delayed  by  indisposition.  High  Water  or  the  loss  of  his 
Horse,  and  until  the  road  can  be  settled,  these  inconven- 
iences cannot  be  guarded  against.  A  fever  greatly  re- 
sembling the  yellow  Fever  continues  to  prevail  in  this 
City,  and  proves  particularly  fatal  to  Strangers.  The 
Troops  are  removed  into  the  Country  and  many  Ameri- 
cans have  left  the  City. 

I  am  Sir  with  Respect  and  Esteem  your 

Hble.  St. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 

New  Orleans  Sept.  10th  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  6th  of  June  was  duly  received. 
But  my  own  late  illness,  the  general  indisposition  of  my 
family,  and  an  unusual  Press  of  business  which  required 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF     W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  329 

immedu'ite  Despatch  has  hitherto  delayed  my  answer.  I 
pray  yoii  to  be  assured  of  the  respectful  attention,  with 
which  I  invariably  read  your  Excellencys  communica- 
tions, But  I  must  confess  that  your  reasoning  in  the  case 
of  Don  Joseph  De  Orne  and  Mrs.  Castillon  has  not  chang  ■ 
ed  the  opinion  I  declared  in  my  Letter  of  the  5th  or  June. 

In  my  Judicial  Character  I  hold  it  improper  to  dis- 
cuss with  your  Excellency  the  extent  of  my  Powers  or 
the  propriety  of  my  conduct ;  for  the  one  I  shall  consult 
the  Law  and  draw  my  conclusions ;  for  the  other  I  shall 
appeal  to  my  own  Judgment,  and  Sense  of  right.  It  is 
however  incumbent  on  me  to  remark  that  in  no  instance 
have  I  permitted  a  case  to  be  brought  to  Trial  in  ray 
Court,  which  had  heretofore  been  adjudged  concluded 
and  fully  acted  upon  under  the  Government  of  Spain. 
Was  this  admitted  of,  I  am  well  aware  of  the  confusion 
which  would  arise  and  the  general  injury  to  the  Inhabi- 
tants which  might  ensue.  On  this  ground  therefore,  your 
Excellencys  Solicitude,  for  the  security  of  the  Property 
of  the  Louisianians  may  cease,  and  I  pray  you  to  believe 
that  under  the  American  Government  that  Security  will 
never  be  endangered.  In  cases  where  Judgment  have 
been  rendered  by  the  Spanish  Authorities  (but  owing 
to  the  change  of  Dominion  or  any  other  cause)  their  exe- 
cution has  been  delayed  I  have  refused  to  carry  the  same 
into  effect,  until  the  former  Judgment  was  confirmed  by 
one  of  the  present  Tribunals  of  Louisiana.  I  consider 
the  case  of  Joseph  De  orne  and  Madam  Castillon  as  be- 
ing in  this  situation  and  consequently  in  my  Letter  of  the 
5th  June  I  informed  your  Excellency  ' '  that  by  Virtue  &c 
(See  the  Journal  of  that  Date). 

The  Sovereignty  of  Spain  over  Louisiana  has  ceased, 
and  that  of  the  United  States  is  complete  and  operative ; 
The  Decrees  therefore  of  no  Tribunals  (remaining  to  be 
executed)  can  have  legal  force  against  an  Inhabitant  of 


330  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

this  Province,  but  those  deriving  their  Authority  from 
the  Sovereign  Power. 

I  have  every  disposition  to  promote  the  Interest  of 
His  Catholic,  and  such  of  his  Subjects  as  may  have  their 
affairs  in  Louisiana  unsettled;  But  on  no  occasion  can  I 
exceed  my  powers  or  infringe  the  rights  of  a  Citizen.  To 
the  Courts  now  established  and  to  be  established  in  this 
Territory,  on  the  first  of  October  next  Don  Joseph  De 
Orne  may  have  recourse,  for  the  recovery  of  his  demand 
against  Mrs.  Castillon.  On  the  Trial  of  the  cause,  the 
Decree  of  the  Spanish  Tribunal  may  be  given  in  evi- 
dence, and  it  Avill  no  doubt  have  all  that  influence  and 
weight  which  the  Law  and  custom  of  Nations  attach  to 
foreign  Judgments. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  very  Kespectful  Considera- 
tion. 

(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 
The  Marquir  of  Casa  Calvo 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 

New  Orleans  Sept  13th  1804 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  this  day  I  have  had  the  Honor  to  re- 
ceive. The  conduct  of  the  Insurgents  who  have  so  seri- 
ously disturbed  the  Tranquility  of  West  Florida  I  highly 
reprobate;  but  I  do  not  feel  that  my  Authority  permits 
me  to  direct  or  allow  the  seizure  of  their  persons  within 
the  Limits  of  the  United  States.  I  shall  nevertheless 
loose  no  time  in  communicating  your  Excellency s  Letter 
to  the  President  of  the  ITnited  States  and  await  his  in- 
structions. 

As  to. the  request  contained  in  the  Latter  part  of  your 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        331 

Excellencys  Letter  I  shall  write  to  the  Acting  Governor 
of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  who  will  I  have  no  doubt 
take  such  measures  as  his  powers  and  duties  permit  and 
enjoin. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  Respectful  consideration 
(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


The  following  is  a  Letter  from  the  Marquis  of  Casa 
Calvo  to  which  the  preceding  oen  is  the  answer. 

From  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  to  Gov.  Claiborne. 

Sir, 

Under  date  of  the  28th  of  August  last  Colonel  Don 
Carlos  De  Grand  Pre  Governor  of  Baton  Rouge  informs 
me  of  the  result  of  the  Expedition  directed  against  the 
Insurgents  of  Feliciana,  a  complete  Success  could  not  be 
obtained,  as  expected  in  apprehending  the  Brothers 
Kemper  and  their  followers  who  had  before  hand  crossed 
the  line  which  divides  the  Territory  of  his  Catholic 
Majesty  from  that  of  the  United  States.  Being  informed 
that  the  greatest  number  of  them  has  retreated  to  Pinck- 
neyville,^  I  cannot  do  less  than  require  that  your  Excel- 
lency may  give  orders  to  deliver  up  the  bodies  of  the 
Brothers  Kempers  Abraham  Barril,  a  certain  Billy  and 
his  Brothers  sons  of  Arthur  Cobb,  in  case  they  should 
have  taken  refuge  in  those  quarters,  It  being  very  con- 
venient for  the  preservation  of  Public  Safety  in  our  re- 
spective Territories.  The  Crime  of  Treason  is  really  so 
Safety  become  the  enemies  of  all  mankind,  I  am  therefore 

^A  town  near  the  boundary  in  Mississippi  Territory.  The  letter 
book  of  Gov.  Robert  Williams  of  that  Territory  contains  valuable  ma- 
terial on  the  Kemper  affair. 


JoJ  MISSISSIPPI    TERPJTORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

atrocious  that  those  who  commit  it,  violating  the  Public 
induced  to  hope  that  your  Excellency  will  agree  to  my 
proposal,  but  should  powerful  reasons  prevent  it  I  ex- 
pect you  will  be  pleased  to  give  the  most  efficacious  or- 
ders that  the  Rebels  may  remove  to  such  a  distance  from 
the  Frontiers  that  nothing  may  be  apprehended  from 
their  incursions,  intrigues  and  the  Incendiary  writings 
with  which  they  endeavour  to  disquiet  the  minds  of  the 
Inhabitants. 

May  God  Grant  your  Excellency  a  long  Life. 

New  Orleans  Sept.  13th  1804 
(Signed)       The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 
To  His  Excellency 
The  Governor  &  Intendant  General  of  Louisiana 


An  Ordinance  providing  for  the  appointment  of  a 
Person  to  take  charge  of  Estates  belonging  to  certain 
persons  dying  Intestate  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans. 

By  William  Charles  Cole  Claiborne  Governor  of  the 
Mississippi  Territory  exercising  the  Powers  of  Governor 
General  and  Intendant  of  the  Province  of  Louisiana — 

Be  it  ordained,  that  their  shall  be  appointed  a  Proper 
person  to  take  charge  of  the  Estates  of  such  intestates  as 
are  herein  after  described,  which  person  so  to  be  ap- 
pointed shall  immediately  give  notice  of  his  appointment 
in  all  the  Public  News-Papers  Printed  in  the  City  of  New 
Orleans,  and  shall  before  he  enters  upon  the  duties  of  his 
Office  give  bond  in  the  sum  of  Ten  thousand  Dollars, 
with  two  or  more  sufficient  Securities  to  the  Satisfaction 
of  the  Governor  conditioned  for  the  Duties  prescribed  by 
this  Ordinance  and  shall  also  take  an  oath  of  Office. 

And  be  it  further  ordained  that  v/henever  any  person 
Avho  shall  not  have  resided  in  in  this  City  for  more  than 
two  years  shall  die  Intestate,  without  leaving  a  Father 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        333 

Mother,  Huband  or  Wife,  a  Child  Brother  or  Sister  of 
full  age  Resident  in  the  City  aforesaid  all  the  goods  and 
Chattels,  Rights  and  Credits  of  such  person  shall  inuue- 
diately  after  his  or  her  Death  be  vested  in,  and  shall  be 
taken  possession  of  by  the  Officer  to  be  appointed  by 
virtue  of  the  first  Section  of  this  Ordinance,  in  trust  to 
preserve,  safely  keep  and  deliver  the  same  to  such  per- 
son as  shall  obtain  Letters  of  Administration  on  the  Es- 
tate of  such  intestate,  and  that  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such 
Officer  as  soon  as  any  such  Intestate  shall  die  in  the  said 
City  or  its  Jurisdiction  to  take  possession  of  all  the  per- 
sonal propert}^  whatever  whereof  he  or  she  may  die 
possessed  and  make  Inventory  and  estimation  of  the 
value  thereof  in  the  presence  of  two  credible  Witnesses, 
the  estimation  to  be  asserted  to  by  the  Witnesses,  one 
copy  whereof  shall  within  fifteen  days  after  the  Death  of 
such  intestate  be  deposited  with  the  Clerk  of  the  High- 
est Court  of  Judicature  in  the  Province  and  another  de- 
livered to  the  Administrator  when  he  shall  be  legally  ap- 
pointed. 

And  be  it  further  ordained  that  the  said  Officer  shall 
pay  (if  the  Property  of  the  Deceased  be  sufficient)  all  the 
funeral  charges  of  the  Intestate,  his  Physicians  Bill,  and 
all  other  expences  which  may  have  been  incurred  during 
the  Intestates  last  illness,  and  for  that  purpose  may  sell 
and  disposes  of  so  much  of  the  said  Property,  as  may  be 
necessary  to  pay  the  same,  and  the  said  Officer  shall  re- 
ceive a  Commission  of  five  Per  Cent  on  the  value  of  all 
the  Property  which  shall  come  to  his  hands  by  Virtue 
hereof  to  be  applied  to  his  own  use  as  a  compensation 
for  his  care  and  attention,  in  collecting  preserving  and 
delivering  over  the  said  Property. 

And  be  is  further  ordained  that  the  said  Officer  shall 
and  may  dispose  of  any  perishable  Articles  belonging  to 
the  Estate  and  sue  for  any  Such  Debts,  or  for  the  re- 
covery of  an  such  property  belonging  thereto  as  there 


334  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

may  be  danger  of  losing  by  delay.  And  that  in  all  suits 
SO  to  be  brought  he  shall  style  himself  special  adminis- 
trator of  the  Deceased,  and  that  such  suit  shall  not  abate 
by  the  granting  of  Letters  of  Administration  but  shall  be 
prosecuted  to  Judgment  by  the  special  administrator,  he 
retaining  a  sufficient  sum  to  answer  the  expences  of  the 
suit,  and,  and  the  proceeds  paid  over  as  this  ordinance 
directs  with  respect  to  the  other  property  of  the  De- 
ceased. And  that  within  thirty  days  after  the  granting 
of  Letters  of  Administration  the  special  administrator 
shall  pay  and  deliver  over  to  the  Administration,  or  the 
Executor  in  case  a  will  be  discovered  before  the  granting 
letters  of  administration,  all  the  money  goods  chattels  & 
Rights  which  shall  have  come  to  his  hands  together  with 
the  Liventory  of  the  same,  and  a  true  account  of  his  Re- 
ceipts and  expenditures,  and  that  whenever  Letters  of 
Administration  or  Letters  Testamentaiy  are  granted  the 
same  shall  relate  to  the  time  of  the  Death  of  the  Testator 
except  as  to  acts  lawfully  done  by  the  special  Adminis- 
trator, by  virtue  of  this  ordinance  which  shall  in  no  sort 
be  invalidated  thereby. 

And  be  it  further  ordained  that  every  person  at  whose 
House  such  Intestate  shall  die,  shall  within  Twenty  four 
flours  after  his  or  her  Death  give  notice  thereof  either 
verbally  of  in  writing  to  the  special  Administrator  to  be 
appointed  by  virtue  of  this  ordinance  and  shall  deliver 
over  to  him  on  demand  all  the  property  in  his  or  her 
possession  of  which  the  said  Intestate  died  possessed, 
and  every  person  neglecting  to  give  such  notice  or  deliver 
such  property  shall  forfeit  for  the  use  of  the  City  fifty 
Dollars  for  every  such  neglect,  and  shall  moreover  for- 
feit double  the  value  of  the  property  so  refused  to  be  de- 
livered, to  be  sued  for  and  recovered  by  said  Special  Ad- 
ministrator for  the  benefit  of  the  Heirs  of  the  said  In- 
testate. Provided  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  con- 
strued as  applying  to  persons  Dying  in  the  Army  or  Navy 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  335 

of  the  United  States,  and  provided  also  that  in  all  cases 
where  Property  has  been  consigned  to  any  person  en- 
gaged in  Conmierce  in  this  City  by  the  Person  dying  In- 
testate, then  the  person  engaged  in  the  Commerce  as 
aforesaid  shall  hold  sncli  consignments  and  shall  duly 
account  for  the  same. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  the  Administra- 
tion at  the  City  of  New  Orleans  the  Seventh  day  of  Sep- 
tember 1804  and  in  the  twenty  ninth  year  of  the  Inde- 
pendence of  the  United  States  of  America 
Q     -,  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 
g.^.  New  Orleans  September  16th  1804 

I  have  received  information  that  a  Mulatto  Man  in 
the  service  of  your  Excellency  has  committed  an  outrage 
against  the  peace  of  our  society  and  the  Laws  of  Louis- 
iana, I  request  therefore  that  your  Excellency  Avill 
(cause)  the  Said  Mulatto  Man  to  be  delivered  to  Captain 
Davis  Avho  has  m^^  authority  to  convey  him  to  Jail,  where 
he  will  remain  until  the  nature  of  his  offence  shall  be 
duly  enquired  into,  and  which  enquiry  shall  speedily  be 
ordered.  Captain  Davis  can  designate  the  Mulatto  who 
committed  the  outrage. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respectful  Consideration 
(Signed)      "William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 
The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


Circulaire  New  Orleans  Sept.  16th  1804 

Sir, 

On  the  first  day  of  October  the  Act  of  Congress 
''erecting  Louisiana  into  two  Territories  and  providing 
for  the  Temporary  Government  thereof ' '  will  be  in  force ; 


336  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

but  I  deem  it  proper  to  inform  you  that  your  Powers  as 
Civil  Commandant,  will  not,  at  that  time  cease.  You  will 
therefore  exercise  the  Authority  with  which  by  Law,  you 
are  now  invested  until  some  provision  upon  the  subject 
shall  be  made  by  the  legislative  body  to  be  created  by  the 
act  aforesaid,  and  of  which  you  will  be  duly  notified.  It 
is  expected  that  as  heretofore  you  will  communicate  to 
the  Governor  all  the  occurrences  of  importance  in  your 
District,  and  in  cases  of  difficulty  consult  his  opinion  and 
await  his  advice. 

I  take  this  opportunity  to  thank  you  for  the  zeal  and 
fidelity  with  which  you  have  discharged  the- duties  of 
your  Office;  and  to  request  that  with  the  same  motive 
of  regard  for  the  Public  good  which  has  hitherto  guided 
your  conduct,  you  will  continue  to  administer  Justice  in 
mercy,  and  to  maintain  that  harmony  security  and  good 
order  So  essential  to  the  happiness  of  our  fellow  Citizens. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  respect  and  Esteem 

Signed,      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
To  the  Civil  Commandants  in  Lower  Louisiana 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  September  17th  1804 
Sir, 

Enclosed  is  a  Copy  of  a  Circular  Letter  I  have  ad- 
dressed to  the  Civil  Commandants  in  Lower  Louisiana. 

I  am  not  certain  the  act  of  Congress  does  on  the  first 
of  October  virtually  withdraw  all  the  Judicial  Powers 
from  the  Authority  now  existing  in  this  Province.  But 
in  order  to  prevent  the  scenes  of  Anarchy  and  Confusion 
which  might  arise  in  the  different  Districts,  if  no  person 
took  upon  himself  to  preserve  the  Public  peace,  until  the 
Legislative  Council  had  made  provision,  I  thought  it  a 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF     W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  337 

wise  and  prudent  step  to  advise  the  Commandants  to  con- 
tinue in  the  exercise  of  their  present  functions.     The 
Malignant  fever  in  this  City  does  no  seem  to  abate.     My 
private  Secretary  Mr.  Briggs  died  on  yesterday.     He  was 
an  amiable  Young  Man,  and  his  Talents  and  Industry 
greatly  recommended  him  to  my  confidence  and  esteem 
I  am  Sir  with  Esteem  and  Respect 
Your  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


Militia  General  orders. 

Head  Quarters,  New  Orleans  Sept.  20th  1804 

The  Commander  in  chief  returns  his  sincere  thanks  to 
Colonel  Commandant  Bellechasse,  for  his  active  and  able 
assistance  in  organizing  the  Militia  for  the  City  of  New 
Orleans.  Colonel  Bellechasse  has  on  all  occasions  mani- 
fested a  zeal  for  the  good  of  the  service  worthy  a  Patriot, 
a  promptitude  and  ability  in  the  execution  of  orders 
Honorable  to  the  Soldier,  and  has  presented  to  his  Sub- 
altern Officers  an  example  which  cannot  fail  to  excite 
among  them  a  laudable  spirit  of  emulation. 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  Sept.  20th  1804 
Sir, 

I  enclose  you  a  Petition  addressed  to  me,  and  signed 
by  a  number  of  respectable  Inhabitants  of  this  City. 
You  mil  discover  there  is  Some  apprehension  of.  an  in- 

II — 22 


338  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

surrection  among  the  Negroes  and  that  much  alarm 
exists,  altho  I  am  not  myself  of  opinion  that  we  are  in  as 
imminent  danger,  as  the  Memorialists  seem  to  think,  I 
have  nevertheless  taken  every  means  of  precaution  in 
my  power.  The  Patroles  at  night  have  been  strength- 
ened and  are  well  armed.  The  Orleans  Battalion  Of 
Volunteers  and  the  City  Grenadiers  are  furnished  with 
Public  Muskets  and  Ammunition,  ordered  to  lay  upon 
their  arms,  and  be  ready  for  Action  at  a  moments  warn- 
ing. The  City  Militia  in  case  of  alarm  either  by  day  or 
night  are  also  directed  to  rendezvous  in  Front  of  the 
Government  House  and  await  my  orders ;  The  Guard  of 
Regular  Troops  now  in  this  City  are  furnished  with 
twenty  four  rounds  of  Cartridge,  and  their  pieces  are 
kept  constantly  charged,  and  that  part  of  the  Army  which 
is  now  encamped  a  few  Miles  from  the  City  is  placed  in  a 
Situation  to  move  the  instant  the  occasion  may  require. 

I  again  repeat,  I  do  not  myself  think  there  is  good 
cause  for  the  alarm ;  but  if  danger  should  arise  I  am  pre- 
pared to  meet  it,  and  I  pledge  myself  for  the  security  of 
the  Lives  and  property  of  my  fellow  Citizens. 
I  am  Sir  with  great  Respect 

Your  most  obdt.  St. 
(Signed)      "William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


To  James  Madison. 

New  Orleans  Sept.  21st  1804 
Sir, 

From  the  great  havoc  which  the  diseases  of  this  Cli- 
mate have  recently  made  among  Strangers,  and  the  fre- 
quent Embezzlement  of  the  Property  of  Deceased  Per- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       339 

sons  by  unprincipled  men,  I  have  been  induced  to  make 
special  provision  for  the  care  of  the  Estates  of  certain  in- 
testates. A  copy  of  my  ordinance  on  this  Subject  is  en- 
closed and  I  hope  it  will  meet  the  approbation  of  the 
President. 

The  Young  Gentlemen  attached  to  my  office  continue 
indisposed. 

I  am  Sir  very  Kespectfully 

Your  Hble.  St. 
(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


General  Orders 
Head  Quarters —  New  Orleans  Sept.  22nd  1804 

Captain  Morgan  of  the  Orleans  Troop  of  Cavalry  will 
detail  for  duty  on  tomorrow  and  on  each  Succeeding  Sun- 
day, a  non-Commissioned  Officer  and  six  privates.  It  will 
be  the  duty  of  this  detachment  to  aid  the  Civil  Authority 
in  the  preservation  of  good  order;  to  disperse  any  un- 
usual gathering  of  Slaves,  and  to  arrest  and  carry  before 
some  Civil  Magistrate  any  person  or  persons  who  shall 
violate  the  Public  peace. 

The  Detachment  will  rendezvous  in  front  of  the  Gov- 
ernment House  at  the  Hour  of  nine  in  the  forenoon  and 
continue  on  duty  until  6  oClock  in  the  Evening.  The 
Streets  of  the  City  and  Suburbs  particularly  the  Levee 
are  to  be  carefully  attended  to  and  it  will  be  the  duty  of 
the  Detachment  to  reconnoitre  the  Bayou  Road  as  far  as 
the  Bridge. 

The  Non-Commissioned  Officer  may  divide  his  com- 
mand in  such  manner  as  he  shall  Judge  proper,  and  it  is 


340  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

expected  that  such  rest  and  food  will  be  given  to  the 
Horses  as  the  nature  of  the  nature  of  the  service  may 
require. 

The  detachment  will  be  dismissed  in  front  of  the  Gov- 
ernment House. 

By  Order  of  His  Excellency  the 
Governor  and  Commander  in  chief 

J.  Faurie  Aid  Du  Camp 


To  James  Madison 
g.^  New  Orleans  23rd  Sept.  1804 

I  enclose  for  your  perusal  a  late  Letter  to  me  from  the 
Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo,  relative  to  the  Insurrection  in 
West  Florida,  together  with  a  copy  of  my  answer  thereto. 

The  Marquis  has  considerable  influence  among  the  old 
Inhabitants  of  this  Province,  and  being  on  that  account 
particularly  desirous  that  a  friendly  understanding  be- 
tween us  should  exist,  I  have  hitherto  paid  great  atten- 
tion as  Avell  to  his  person  as  to  his  communications.  But 
finding  of  late  that  he  is  becoming  troublesome  I  shall 
probably  in  a  Short  time  refuse  to  hold  any  official  cor- 
respondence with  him,  until  he  shall  have  been  acknowl- 
edged by  the  President  of  the  United  States  as  a  Public 
agent  on  the  part  of  Spain.  Morales  and  many  other  Of- 
ficers of  Spain  both  Civil  and  Military  are  Still  in  this 
City,  and  two  large  rooms  in  the  Public  Storehouses  and 
Artillery  Yard  continue  in  possession  of  the  Spanish 
Authorities  or  rather  Serve  as  a  Deposit  for  their  Mili- 
tary Stores. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  Esteem  and  Respect 
Your  obdt.  Hble.  St. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W,  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        341 

To  Henry  Dearborn 

^.  New  Orleans  September  24th  1804 

I  have  this  day  Drawn  upon  you  in  favor  (of)  Wil- 
liam Brown  Deputy  Collector  for  the  Sum  of  eight  hun- 
dred Dollars  on  account  of  my  extra  compensation  as 
Governor  &c  of  Louisiana  payable  at  Six  days  Sight. 
I  am  Sir  very  respectfully 
Your  Hble.  St. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Henry  Dearborn 
Secretary  of  War 


To  James  Madison 
^.  New  Orleans  September  25th  1804 

I  enclose  you  a  communication  which  I  have  this  day 
received  from  the  Commandant  of  the  District  of  Natchi- 
toches. I  fear  Some  of  the  Indian  Tribes  West  of  the 
Mississippi  are  disposed  to  be  troublesome,  and  if  as  is 
Stated  they  are  encouraged  by  the  Spaniards  to  War 
against  the  United  States  there  is  no  doubt  but  the  lives 
and  property  of  the  Citizens  on  our  extreme  Frontiers 
will  be  somewhat  insecure.  I  shall  on  this  occasion  give 
to  Captain  Turner  such  instructions  as  prudence  shall 
dictate,  and  will  advise  you  further  hereafter;  at  pres- 
ent my  mind  is  wholly  occupied  with  my  domestic  mis- 
fortunes ; —  Mrs.  Claiborne  and  my  only  child  are  so  ill  as 
to  leave  little  ground  to  hope  for  their  recoverj^^ 
I  am  Sir  with  great  Eespect  and 

Esteem  your  obdt.  Hble.  St. 
The  Honble.  (Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 


Mrs.  Claiborne  and  her  infant  child  died  on  the  next  day. 


342  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  Edward  D.  Turner 

New  Orleans  September  28th  1804 
Sir, 

Your  communication  of  the  10th  instant  with  its  en- 
closure was  duly  received.  An  Indian  War  would  be  pe- 
culiarly embarrassing  to  our  Frontier  Settlers,  and  would 
be  attended  with  injury  and  expense  to  the  United  States. 
To  avoid  it  therefore  every  prudent  measure  should  be 
resorted  to,  and  the  present  threatening  prospect,  should 
Stimulate  you  the  more  to  treat  with  every  mark  of 
friendly  attention  such  Indians  as  may  visit  the  Post  of 
Natchitoches.  I  know  you  are  not  authorised  to  distrib- 
ute present,  nor  is  it  in  my  power  to  vest  you  with  this 
authority.  But  you  are  at  liberty  to  Supply  the  Indians 
visiting  your  Post  with  Rations,  and  while  personally  you 
extend  to  them  acts  (of)  kindness,  you  can  induce  the 
Citizens  generally  to  follow  your  Example  and  punish 
those  who  should  offer  an  unoffending  Indian  any  injury. 

How  far  the  Spaniards  may  encourage  to  Hostilities, 
time  will  evince.  But  my  impression  is  that  Secretly 
they  will  offer  the  United  States  all  the  injury  in  their 
Power ; —  it  may  be  Serviceable  therefore  to  watch  their 
movements,  and  penetrate  into  their  Intrigues ;  I  accord- 
ingly approve  of  your  Sending  a  confidential  person  to 
the  proposed  conference  on  the  Sabine.  If  you  cannot 
rely  with  Some  degree  of  certainty  on  the  fidelity  of  the 
Indian  you  have  named,  I  pray  you  to  engage  another 
confidential  agent,  and  I  will  make  him  for  the  Service 
such  compensation  as  you  shall  Stipulate. 

I  authorize  you  to  employ  an  express  when  in  your 
opinion,  the  importance  of  the  information  to  be  com- 
municated may  Justify  the  expense;-  But  you  will  See 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C,  CLAIBORNE.        343 

the  necessity  of  exercising  on  occasions  of  this  kind  a 
sound  discretion,  and  prudent  economy. 

I  am  Sir  very  respectfully 
Your  Hble.  St. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Captain  Edward  Turner 
Commanding  at  Natchitoches 


To  Edward  D.  Turner 

New  Orleans  September  29th  1804 
Sir, 

Your  favor  of  the  18th  instant  is  now  before  me.  I 
regret  that  after  all  the  trouble  and  expense  to  which 
Madam  Pantalion  has  exposed  herself,  it  is  impossible  to 
decide  on  her  Petition  agreeably  to  her  wishes.  It  would 
be  in  some  measure  an  ex  parte  decision,  by  which  the 
Creditors  of  her  late  Husband  might  be  materially  injur- 
ed. There  exists  no  Marriage  Contract  between  Madam 
Pantalion  and  the  Deceased;-  Her  claim  therefore  must 
rest  on  such  grounds,  as  the  creditors  may  possibly  not 
admit  to  be  conclusive,  and  it  is  therefore  just  they  should 
have  an  opportunity  to  contest  the  claim.  Under  existing 
circumstances  therefore,  the  case  must  be  left  for  the  de- 
cision of  the  Courts  about  to  be  established  under  the 
new  order  of  things. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 
Your  Hble.  St. 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Captain  Edward  Turner 
Commandant  &c 


344  MISSISSIPPI    TERmTORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

New  Orleans  October  1st.  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

Mr.  Derbigny  will  deliver  to  you  a  little  (box)  contain- 
ing a  Model  of  a  Gotten  machine  upon  a  new  and  im- 
proved Plan,  and  for  which  Mr.  Obadiah  Crawford,  a 
Citizen  of  the  Mississippi  Territory  Solicits  a  Patent  as 
the  Inventor. 

If  Mr.  Crawfords  invention  should  be  deem'd  worthy 
of  the  encouragement  he  asks,  I  will  esteem  it  a  favor  if 
you  will  enclose  the  Patent  to  me ;  Mr.  Derbigny  Avill  pay 
the  expense  attending  the  Patent. 

I  am  not  personally  acquainted  with  Mr.  Crawford; 
but  he  is  represented  to  me  as  a  Young  Man  of  great  Me- 
chanical genius,  and  an  industrious  worthy  Member  of 
Society. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  Respect  and  Sincere 
Esteem 

(Signed)        William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  October  1st.  1804 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  the  Honor  to  introduce  to  your  acquaintance 
Messrs.  Derbigny  Sauve  and  Detrahan,  and  to  request 
that  you  would  be  so  obliging  as  to  present  them  to  the 
President.  These  Gentlemen  have  been  Selected  by  many 
of  their  fellow  Citizens  to  bear  a  Memorial  to  Congress, 
which  treats  upon  Subjects  interesting  to  Louisiana,  and 
to  make  Such  explanations  as  may  be  desired. 

Permit  me  to  add  that  Messrs  Derbigny  Sauve  and 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        345 

detrahan,  are  ancient  Inhabitants  of  Louisiana,  and  high- 
ly respectable  in  private  life. 

I  am  D  Sir 

Your  Sincere  friend 
The  Honble.  (Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secty.  of  State 

Thus  ends  the  Proceedings  of  the  Temporary  Govern- 
ment of  Louisiana. 


To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans, 
October  3d.  1804 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  30th  August  enclosing  me  a  Com- 
mission as  Governor  of  the  "Territory  of  Orleans,"  was 
duly  received. 

Will  3"ou  be  pleased  to  communicate  to  the  President 
how  sensible  I  am  of  the  honor  conferred  upon  me,  and 
how  solicitous  I  shall  be  to  merit  by  my  conduct  a  contin- 
uance of  his  Confidence. 

On  this  morning  the  Oaths  of  Office  was  administered 
to  me,  by  Mr.  Pitot  Mayor  of  this  City,  and  a  Copy  of  a 
short  Address  which  I  made  on  the  occasion  is  heremth 
enclosed. 

I  shall  in  the  course  of  four  or  five  days  issue  a  Proc- 
lamation convening  the  Legislative  Council,  and  mil  do 
every  thing  in  my  power  to  organize  the  Government  with 
Dispatch. 

Neither  of  the  Judges  have  yet  arrived :  Colo.  Kirbey 
I  learn  has  been  ill  at  Fort  Stoddert,  but  is  now  on  the 
recovery;  Mr.  Browm  the  Secretary  it  at  Natchez  and 
does  not  propose  adventuring  into  New  Orleans,  until 
about  the  close  of  this  Month ;  I  think  this  a  wise  precau- 


346  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

tion,  for  the  City  is  not  yet  free  from  that  dreadful 
Scourge,  the  Yellow  fever. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  sincere 

^^^^'^'^^-  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Honorable 
James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State. 

To  James  Madison 
g.^  New  Orleans  Oct.  28th  1804 

On  yesterday  I  was  informed  by  a  Mr.  Dubourg,  a 
respectable  Merchant  of  this  City,  that  a  Capt  of  his 
with  40  Negroes  on  board  had  entered  the  Mississippi, 
Since  the  1st  of  October ;  that  these  Negroes  belonged  to 
his  Father  Yanothn  Inhabitant  of  Louisiana ;  that  owing 
to  contrary  winds  &  bad  weather  the  vessel  was  pre- 
vented entering  the  Mississippi  until  Subsequent  to  the 
1st  October. 

I^.lr.  Dubourg  prayed  that  the  Negroes  might  be  per- 
mitted to  land,  &  pledged  himself,  that  they  should  be 
forthcoming  on  the  arrival  of  the  Judges  in  the  Territory 
&  that  he  would  await  a  Judicial  decision. 

I  did  not  well  know  how  to  act  on  the  occasion;  It 
would  seem  as  if  it  was  more  particularly  the  duty  of  the 
District  attorney  to  notice  &  bring  before  the  Court,  per- 
sons who  had  violated  the  law; —  But  as  neither  of  the 
Judges  or  the  attorney  General  have  arrived  I  esteemed 
it  my  province  to  take  measures  to  enforce  the  observ- 
ance of  the  Law; —  But  on  the  present  occasion,  as  the 
Importer  was  himself  the  informer,  I  permitted  him  to 
land  the  Negroes  upon  giving  me  an  oath  their  names,  & 
number,  &  satisfactory  assurances,  that  they  should  be 
forthcoming  on  the  arrival  of  the  Judges.   . 

Mr.  Dubourg  showed  a  permission  which  he  had  pro- 
cured from  the  Spanish  Governor  (Grand  Pre,)  to  intro- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF     W.   C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  347 

duce  into  the  Settlement  of  Baton  Rouge,  Sixty  Negroes, 
&  intimated  an  intention  to  avail  himself  of  said  permis- 
sion.—  If  Negroe  Vessels  are  permitted  to  pass  up  to 
Baton  Rouge,  the  law  prohibiting  the  African  Trade  in 
this  Territory  will  in  effect  be  a  nullity,  &  I  pray  your 
Instructions  whether  or  not  I  am  to  oppose  their  Pas- 
sage. 

I  have  understood  that  several  African  vessels  were 
sent  out  in  time  to  return  previous  to  the  1st  of  October, 
but  from  some  cause,  they  have  not  arrived  yet,  &  their 
delay  is  a  source  of  anxiety  to  the  persons  concerned ! — 
I  am  Sir, 

Very  Respectfully 

Your  mo.  Obt.  Servt. 
The  Honorable  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 


To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans, 
g.^  October  5th  1804 

Your  Letter  dated  '^ Virginia  August  28.,"  reached 
me  on  the  evening  of  the  third  instant. 

A  number  of  Spanish  Officers  are  yet  in  Louisiana, 
and  there  is  no  doubt  with  me,  but  thej^  encourage  the 
Discontents  which  arise  here. —  I  shall  take  an  early  op- 
portunity to  intimate  to  the  Marquis  of  Cassa  Calvo,  that 
the  continuance  of  these  Officers  in  our  Territory,  ^'So 
much  beyond  the  right  and  the  occasion  for  it,  is  not 
seen  with  approbation,"  and  with  respect  to  Mr.  Morales, 
I  shall  (without  reserve)  express  my  desire  for  his 
speedy  departure.- 

I  paid  a  visit  to  the  Marquis  on  yesterday,  and  in- 
formed him  that  for  the  accommodation  of  the  people  of 
West  Florida,  I  had  no  objection  to  authorize  some  dis- 


348  MISSISSIPPI    TERKITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

creet  Inhabitant  of  that  District  to  receive,  open  and 
close  the  Mail  of  the  United  States ;  The  Marquis  seemed 
pleased  with  the  proposition  and  approved  highly  of  a 
Colonel  Fulton  near  Batton  Rouge,  who  I  named,  as  a 
proper  person.-  I  am  myself  of  opinion,  that  one  Post 
Office  on  the  Mail  Route  passing  through  West  Florida 
is  sufficient,  nor  do  I  think  it  safe  at  this  time,  to  mul- 
tiply the  establishments  in  that  quarter. 

I  very  much  regret  the  late  news  from  Madrid ;  I  had 
sincerely  hoped  that  the  President  would  have  completed 
his  Negociations  with  Spain,  in  a  manner  consonant  to 
his  fondest  wishes,  and  that  the  good  Understanding  be- 
tween the  two  Nations  would  not  for  a  moment  been  dis- 
turbed.- But  if  Spain  should  prove  unaccommodating, 
perhaps  a  little  time  will  occasion  reflection  and  make 
her  prudent ;  but  should  she  be  disposed  to  be  unjust,  the 
United  States  can  readily  maintain  their  Rights;  and  if 
(which  God  forbid)  a  war  should  ultimately  ensue,  per- 
haps there  is  no  Nation  upon  Earth,  on  Avhom  we  could 
so  promptly  and  easily  make  a  sensible  impression  and 
command  an  advantageous  Peace. 

I  recently  received  Dispatches  from  Natchitoches; 
they  announce  that  three  Citizens  of  the  United  States, 
had  been  killed  (supposed  by  Indians)  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  Sabine  River.- 

A  small  Tribe  of  Indians  living  in  the  District  of 
Ouachitas,  having  solicited  of  me  a  Flag  of  the  United 
States,  I  have  procured  a  common  one  made  of  Buntin, 
and  shall  present  it  to  them.- 

I  am  Sir, 

very  respectfully 
Your  humble  servant, 

The  Honorable  ^'"i''™  '^-  ^-  C'aiborne 

James  Maddison, 
Secretary  of  State. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        349 

To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  October  8tli  1804 
Sir; 

I  have  by  Letter  advised  each  member  of  the  Legis- 
lative council  of  his  appointment,  and  request  his  accept- 
ance:—  two  ansivers  have  been  returned;  the  one  from 
Doctor  Watkins;  the  other  from  Mr.  Jones,  &  both  of 
which  are  herein  enclosed.  Doctor  Watkins  accepts, 
and  will  make  a  valuable  member; —  But  Mr.  Jones  de- 
clines, and  the  Reasons  which  influence  him,  will,  I  fear 
operate  with  all  those  named  for  the  Council,  who  had 
signed  the  Memorial  to  Congress :  Mr.  Ed.  Livingston 
has  found  that  their  acceptance  would  betray  a  Dishon- 
orable Inconsistency,  and  the  opinions  of  those  who  ad- 
vised and  wrote  the  Memorial,  cannot  fail  to  make  an 
Impression. —  I  shall  however  by  Proclamation,  call  a 
meeting  of  the  Council  on  the  12th  of  next  month ; —  The 
Interest  of  the  Territory  requires  an  earlj^  session  of 
the  Legislature,  and  I  sincerely  hope  a  majority  of  the 
Members  appointed  will  act;  But  should  it  so  happen, 
that  the  signers  to  the  Memorial  (eight  of  the  council) 
should  withhold  their  services,  I  shall  regret  the  circum- 
stance, and  console  myself  with  the  reflection,  that  I  have 
done  my  duty. 

I  am  persuaded  Sir,  that  a  few  designing  Men  may 
easily  acquire  a  mischievous  influence  in  Louisiana,  & 
I  so  fear  that  sooner  or  later,  this  District  will  give  In- 
quietude to  the  local  Magistrates,  and  prove  a  source  of 
some  trouble  to  the  Executive  of  the  United  States. 

I  am  Sir, 

With  respect  and  Esteem 

Your  hbl.  svt. 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secy  of  State. 


350  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

From  Evan  Jones 

New  Orleans  8th  Oct.  1804 
Sir, 

I  just  receive  within  this  hour  the  letter  you  did  me 
the  honor  to  write  me  on  the  5th  Instant,  from  which  I 
learn,  that  the  President  of  the  United  States,  has  been 
pleased  to  appoint  me  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil for  the  Territory  of  Orleans;  and  that  my  Commis- 
sion is  in  your  hands,  &c. 

As  I  have  not  the  honor  of  being  personally  known 
to  the  President,  I  cannot  well  imagine  to  Avhom  I  am  in- 
debted for  the  favorable  idea  that  somebody  must  surely 
have  given  him  of  me !  Such  a  mark  of  his  good  opinion 
is  extremely  flattering  to  me;  and  under  other  circum- 
stances, might  be  extremely  acceptable ;  but,  in  my  pres- 
ent situation,  I  do  not  feel  myself  at  liberty  to  accept 
of  the  appointment. 

Conjointly  with  almost  all  the  Inhabitants  of  Louisi- 
ana, I  have  signed  a  Memorial  to  Congress,  respectfully 
remonstrating  against  the  Act  made  for  our  government ; 
and  humbly  praying  for  a  repeal  thereof. 

I  cannot  therefore,  with  any  Degree  of  consistency, 
accept  of  an  office,  under  a  law,  of  which  I  have  from  the 
beginning  so  openly  exprest  my  Disapprobation;  and 
which,  for  the  happiness  of  m^^  fellow  Citizens,  and, 
(forgive  me  if  I  add)  for  the  honor  of  my  native  Coun- 
try, I  so  ardently  wish  to  see  annulled! 

Wlien  calm  reflection  shall  have  taken  the  place  of 
passion  and  of  party  spirit,  I  flatter  myself  that  my  con- 
duct on  the  present  occasion  will  be  approved. 

I  Avas  born  an  American —  I  glory  in  that  name —  In 
defence  of  that  happy  land  which  gave  me  birth ;  my  life 
and  my  fortune  shall  always  be  staked;  but,  I  cannot 
consent,  for  any  consideration,  to   do    an   act,   which   I 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        351 

think  subversive  of  the  rights  and  liberties  of  my  fel- 
low Citizens! 

With  great  respect  I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Sir 

Your  Excellency's 
Most  obedient  and 

Most  humbl  Servt. 

Evan  Jones 
His  Excellency  ^ 

Governor  Claiborne. 


From  John  Watkins 

New  Orleans,  October  8,  1804 
Sir 

I  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  letter  of  the  5  instant 
forming  me  that  the  President  of  the  United  States  had 
been  pleased  to  appoint  me  a  member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  for  the  Territory  of  Orleans. 

I  cannot  conceal  from  your  Excellency  that  I  feel 
highly  flattered  with  this  mark  of  confidence  on  the  part 
of  my  Government  and  can  assure  you  that  no  exertions 
on  my  part  shall  be  wanting  to  discharge  the  duties 
of  the  office  to  the  best  of  my  abilities  so  long  as  I 
may  remain  in  the  Council.  It  is  a  duty  however  which 
I  owe  to  myself  and  to  my  family  to  observe  to  your 
Excellency  that  in  case  it  should  be  found  that  the  office 
of  Counseller  is  incompatible  with  that  of  Physician  to 
the  Port,  or  that  by  holding  the  former  I  must  of  neces- 
sity resign  the  latter,  in  that  event  I  say  I  wish  it  to  be 
understood  that  I  cannot  consent  to  become  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council.  The  acquaintance  which  your 
Excly.  has  with  my  pecuniary  affairs  and  my  family  mil 
enable  you  to  give  a  just  and  proper  estimation  to  this 
determination. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  mth  sentiments  of  the  high- 


352  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

est  respect  and  consideration  your  obe.  and  very  hum- 
ble servant 

Jno.  Watkins. 
His  Excellency 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Gov.  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans. 


4 


To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  Oct.  16th  1804 
Sir, 

I  return 'd  to  this  City  on  this  morning,  and  find  my 
Health  much  benefited  from  my  late,  tho  short.  Excur- 
sion into  the  Country. —  The  Sugar  crops  are  very  prom- 
ising and  the  Labour  of  the  planter  will  be  rewarded 
abundantly. —  The  Citizens,  whom  I  visited,  appeared  to 
enjoy  Health  and  Contentment,  and  I  was  well  pleas 'd 
with  their  friendly  Hospitality. —  I  also  observ'd  with 
pleasure,  the  Humanity  of  several  Planters,  who,  by  de- 
taining at  their  Houses,  some  Americans  destin'd  for 
this  City,  have  probably  rescued  them  from  sudden 
Death  !— 

The  fever  still  exists,  but  it  has  greatly  abated,  and 
I  trust  will,  in  a  few  days  entirely  disappear. — 

The  enclos'd  political  Pamphlet,  is  circulating  in  this 
Territory;  it  is  written  with  Ingenuity,  and  is,  certainly 
well  calculated  to  encrease  the  existing  Discontents. — 
that  a  part  of  the  statements  in  this  Pamphlet  are  true, 
I  will  readily  admit;  but  on  some  occasions,  the  writer 
has  manifested  an  Ignorance  of  facts,  or  a  great  want 
of  Candour. — 

The  writer  is  not  correct  in  stating,  that  native  Amer- 
icans enjoy 'd  all  the  lucrative  Emplo3rinents  under  my 
late  administration ;  I  at  present,  recollect  but  six  Offices 
of  that  Description. —  M.  Derbegney,  (late  Interpreter 
of  the  Government)  was  appointed  Clerk  to  the  Court  of 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        353 

pleas;  Mr.  Lewis  Kerr,  Sheriff  for  the  City,  and  two 
ancient,  and  two  modern  Louisianians,  Notaries  public; 
but  with  respect  to  Offices  of  Honor  and  Trust  not  lucra- 
tive, the  ancient  Louisianians  have  enjoy 'd  a  very  great 
proportion ;  I  do  not  believe  that  a  single  modern  Louisi- 
anian  (except  those  of  the  volunteer  Corps)  holds  an 
Appointment  in  the  Militia;  and  among  the  officers  of 
the  volunteer  Corps,  there  are  several  ancient  Louisi- 
anians, and  one  of  them  is  the  Major  commanding. — 

The  Mayor  of  the  City,  and  a  Majority  of  the  mu- 
nicipality, are  ancient  Louisianians,  and  all  the  mem- 
bers, (except  one)  speak  French  correctly. —  an  equal 
number  of  the  Court  of  pleas,  are  ancient  Louisianians, 
and  every  member  (except  one)  is  suppos'd  to  be  well 
vers  'd  in  the  French  Language. —  the  national  Language 
of  the  Clerk  of  that  Court,  is  French,  and  I  believe  his 
precepts,  were  generally  issued  in  his  native  Language. 

Among  the  various  District  Commandants  I  at  pres- 
ent recollect  but  three  native  Americans,  and  I  may 
add,  that  two  of  four  Aids  in  Camp,  who,  in  my  Charac- 
ter as  Commander  in  chief  of  the  Militia,  I  have  ap- 
pointed, are  ancient  Louisianians. — 

I  could  make  further  details  on  this  Subject,  but  I 
deem  it  unnecessary. —  If  I  have  discover 'd  partiality 
in  appointing  to  Office,  it  has  been  in  favor  of  the  an- 
cient Louisianians,  and  I  believe  candid  men  will 
acknowledge  the  fact. — 

But  the  writer  has  taken  great  Exception  to  the  for- 
mation of  the  Volunteer  Corps;  perhaps  it  may  not  be 
unnecessary  to  make  one  or  two  observations  upon  that 
subject. —  previous  to  my  arrival  in  New  Orleans,  the 
Citizens  of  the  United  States,  residing  in  the  City,  asso- 
ciated for  the  purpose  of  assisting  in  the  preservation 
of  order,  had  offer 'd  their  services  as  a  Volunteer  Corps, 

11—23 


354  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

to  Mr.  Laussat,  and  which  he  readily  accepted :  when  the 
Flag  of  their  Country  was  unful'd,  and  Louisiana  de- 
clar'd  a  part  of  the  United  States,  their  services,  (as 
might  have  been  expected)  were  again  offered,  and  that 
Governor,  who  had  rejected  the  patriotic  offer,  would 
have  acted  unworthily. —  several  Companies  were 
form'd,  and  I  have  understood,  that  some  of  the  ancient 
Militia  were  enroll'd  in  the  new  Corps:  but  the  Com- 
mand of  the  Battalion,  was  given  by  me,  to  an  ancient 
Louisianian. —  Did  this  evidence  an  improper  partiality 
for  native  Americans'? 

There  were  then  also  existing  Circumstances,  which 
highly  evinc'd  the  Expediency  of  organising  the  Volun- 
teer Corps :  but  it  is  not  necessary  to  state  them. —  I 
recollect  with  pleasure,  that  on  this  Occasion,  my  Con- 
duct have  been  approv'd  by  the  Executive. — 

With  regard  to  the  Body  of  the  Militia,  their  organi- 
sation was  delay 'd  by  imperious  circumstances:  it  how- 
ever is  now  nearly  completed,  and  I  owe  to  Col.  Bele- 
chasse,  (the  Officer  commanding)  many  obligations  for 
his  able  assistance  in  this  troublesome  undertaking. —  As 
to  the  Flag  presented  to  the  Volunteers,  if  it  excited  the 
jealousy  of  the  old  Corps,  I  presume  that  feeling  has 
ceas  'd ;  for  on  the  4th  of  July  last  to  the  City  Regiment, 
was  presented  a  very  beautiful  Pavilion,  dissimilar  from 
the  first,  only  by  it's  motto;  that  of  the  one,  being  the 
' '  Orleans  Volunteers ; ' '  and  of  the  other,"' '  Orleans  Mil- 
itia." I  am  charged  with  making  unfortunate  Innova- 
tions on  the  Spanish  System  of  Jurisprudence,  and  with 
much  of  the  Confusion  which  ensued. —  On  my  arrival  in 
Louisiana  I  found  a  disorganis'd  Government,  and  a  dis- 
satisfied People. —  The  colonial  prefect,  had  abolished, 
(Math  the  Exception  of  the  District  Commandancies)  all 
the  former  Spanish  Tribunals. —  In  lieu  of  the  Cabildo, 
I  found  a  Municipality,  organis'd  upon  French  prin- 
ciples, but  compos 'd  of  the  most  respectable  Citizens  of 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        355 

the  province. —  the  seals  were  put  upon  the  different  jn- 
dicial  officers,  and  no  regular  Judiciary  in  Existence. — 

Had  the  prefect  organis'd  Tribunals  of  Justice,  the 
Writer  of  the  pamphlet,  would  have  been  furnish 'd  with 
additional  Ground,  to  eulogize  Ms  Talents;  but  if  this 
had  been  done,  perhaps  the  organization  would  have 
been  upon  French  principles,  and  that,  like  the  Munici- 
pality, the  Tribunals  would  not  have  known  the  Extent 
of  their  powders. —  But  the  formation  of  a  Court  System 
devolv'd  upon  the  American  administration. —  the  ne- 
cessity for  the  Estiiblisliment,  was  obvious,  and  the 
Clamours  of  the  people,  would  not  permit  me  to  delay 
my  Measures. — 

To  have  reviv'd  the  Spanish  Tribunals,  in  their  full 
extent,  was  impossible;  to  have  done  so,  in  a  partial 
manner,  it,  would  have  been  necessary  to  have  abolish 'd 
the  Municipality,  and  reinstated  the  Cabildo;  for  be- 
tween that  Body,  and  the  Judiciary,  there  was  an  inti- 
mate Connection;  they  elected  annually,  two  persons,  as 
first  and  second  Alcades  for  the  City,  and  these  judicial 
officers,  were  ex-officio,  members  of  the  Cahildo,  and,  in 
the  absence  of  the  Governor,  presided  at  its  Meetings. — 

The  Destruction  of  the  Municipality,  would  have 
given  umbrage  to  many  of  the  Louisianians ;  it 
w^ou'd,  no  doubt,  have  been  gratifying  to  the  Spanish 
Commissioners,  and  their  Friends;  but  wou'd  certainly, 
have  mortified  the  Colonial  prefect  and  all  those  who  ap- 
prov'd  his  measures ;  and  here  let  me  add,  that  at  the  ma 
ment  of  taking  possession  of  this  province,  the  friendly 
Disposition  of  the  prefect,  was  suppos'd  to  be  of  Impor- 
tance to  the  Interest  of  my  Country. 

I  determin'd  therefore  to  recognize  the  authorities, 
and  Laws,  as  I  found  them,  and  to  make  such  further 
arrangements  for  the  good  of  the  province,  as  might 
hereafter  suggest  themselves  to  my  own  Mind,  or  might 


356  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

be  suggested  by  others,  and  which  my  Judg'ment  shou'd 
approve. — 

The  treaty  had  destin'd  Louisiana,  at  some  future 
period,  to  be  incorporated  into  the  Union,  and  in  the 
mean  time  the  Inhabitants  were  to  be  secur'd  in  their 
Liberty,  property  and  Religion. — 

This  Clause  of  the  Treaty,  render 'd  great  Imiova- 
tions,  upon  the  Spanish  Laws  and  Spanish  Tribunals, 
absolutely  necessary. —  The  criminal  System  of  Juris- 
prudence cou'd  not  be  preserv'd,  for  the  Liberty  of  the 
Citizen,  was  not  secur'd  thereb}^:  nor  did  I  suppose,  in 
the  Civil  Courts,  there  was  as  great  security,  for  per- 
sonal property,  as  I  cou'd  A\ish. — 

The  better  therefore,  to  comply  ^ith  the  Treaty,  I  de- 
termin'd  to  organise  an  inferior  Court  in  the  City  of 
New  Orleans,  upon  principles,  congenial  to  the  wishes 
and  Interest  of  the  people,  and  somewhat  similar  to  the 
Tribunals  of  the  United  States. 

My  ordinances,  however,  upon  that  Subject,  was  not 
hastily  adopted;  the  first  Draft  vras  submitted  to  the 
Consideration  of  the  Municipality:  they  propos'd  sev- 
eral amendments,  which  were  adopted,  and  the  Ordi- 
nance, finally,  passed  in  a  Shape,  which  receiv'd,  (as  I 
understood)  their  entire  approbation. —  The  Municipal- 
ity was  also  requested,  to  give  me  the  names  of  such 
Citizens  as  were  best  calculated  to  act  as  Judges  of  the 
City  Court;  they  recoimnended  several  Gentlemen  and 
all  were  conmiission'd;  I  have  since  added  other  Mem- 
bers to  this  Court,  and  my  o^^m  acquaintance  with  the 
Citizens,  enabled  me  to  make  a  selection. —  I  believe  the 
inferior  Court,  was  for  some  time  popular,  but  the  Cer- 
tainty and  Expedition,  with  which  debts  were  recover 'd, 
excited  the  Clamour  of  Debtors,  and  the  great  influx  of 
American  and  French  Lawyers,  w^earied,  (by  their  plead- 
ings) the  patience  of  the  Court,  and  occasion 'd  the  Dis- 
gust of  some  of  the  members. — 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  357 

The  writer  of  the  pamphlet  has  attended  to  the  mag- 
nitude of  my  late  judicial  powers,  and  stated,  (what  is 
very  correct)  my  want  of  Information  as  to  the  Spanish 
Laws,  and  also  of  the  French  Language.  The  magni- 
tude of  these  powers,  was  always  a  source  of  uneasiness 
to  me,  and  I  refus'd  to  exercise  judicial  authority,  as 
long  as  the  Interest  of  the  people  wou'd  permit. —  but 
New-Orleans  is  a  great  connnercial  City;  trade  and 
Credit  are  inseparable ;  Debts  were  incurr  'd — Contracts 
enter 'd  into,  and  Disputes  between  Merchants  and 
others,  daily  arising. —  My  favorite  wish,  to  exercise  but 
little  judicial  authority,  cou'd  not  be  indulg'd,  and  I 
found  myself  compell'd  to  open  a  Supreme  Court,  and 
to  preside  therein,  as  the  sole  Judge. — I  however  tried 
but  few  original  Causes. —  No  Gentleman  who  attended 
the  Governor's  Court,  but  witness 'd  the  reluctance  with 
which  I  took  Cognisance  of  suits,  and  the  desire  I  man- 
ifested to  postpone  such,  as  cou'd  safely  be  done,  with- 
out injury  to  the  parties. —  Although  I  will  readily 
acknowledge  my  want  of  Information  of  Spanish  Law, 
yet  I  profess  to  be  acquainted  with  the  Laws  of  Justice, 
and  I  verily  believe,  none  of  my  decisions,  are  in  viola- 
tion thereof; —  but  the  writer  of  the  pamphlet,  has  not 
attacked  my  probity  as  a  Judge,  and  I  feel  a  conscious 
Conviction,  that  in  that  Character,  the  purity  of  my  Con- 
duct and  Intentions,  will  never  be  question 'd! — 

But  it  is  objected,  that  the  Supreme  Court  was  not 
organiz'd  upon  Spanish  principles:  this  was  also  impos- 
sible ;  an  officer  called  the  Auditor,  was  formerly  Council 
to  the  Governor :  all  cases  of  importance  were  submitted 
to  him;  he  reported  a  statement  of  each  case  in  writing, 
together  with  his  opinion  thereon;  if  this  opinion  was 
sanction 'd  by  the  Governor,  the  auditor  was  responsi- 
ble; but  the  Governor  had  authority,  upon  his  o^\ti  re- 
sponsibility, to  decree  otherwise  than  was  advis'd. —  The 
auditor  was  appointed  by  the  King,  and  was  allow 'd  a 


358  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

liberal  Compensation : —  It  was  not  in  my  power,  to  have 
appointed  such  an  officer, — 

It  is  objected  that  the  proceedings  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  were  conducted  in  the  English  Language:  This, 
(if  indeed  it  shou'd  be  consider 'd  as  improper)  was  un- 
avoidable, as  the  Judge  knew  neither  French  nor  Span- 
ish;—  it  certainly  wou'd  have  been  a  great  Convenience 
to  have  been  correctly  acquainted  with  the  French  Lan- 
guage, but  I  do  not  Suppose,  that  for  want  of  such 
Knowledge  on  my  part,  the  people  sustained  any  injury. 
—  When  in  Court,  I  had  always  an  Interpreter  of  Tal- 
ents, by  my  side;  and  when  in  my  offices,  I  seldom  was 
at  a  loss  for  an  interpreter,  and  of  late,  my  own  Knowl- 
edge of  the  Language,  has  been  sufficient  to  guard  me, 
in  some  measure,  against  a  misinterpretation  or  a  mis- 
representation of  my  sentiments. —  The  writer  of  the 
Pamphlet,  charges  me  with  manifesting  much  Indiffer- 
ence, as  to  the  admission  into  Louisiana  of  the  Brig'ands 
&ic —  This  charge  is  as  ungenerous,  as  it  is  unfounded. — 
Upon  this  Subject  I  have  taken  every  precaution  in  my 
power,  and  it  has  really  been  a  source  of  great  anxiety 
and  trouble. —  The  Extract  from  my  official  Journal,  ac- 
companying this  Letter,  from  page  1 —  to  page  —  will 
acquaint  you  with  various  measures  that  have  been  ta- 
ken, to  prevent  the  Importation  of  dangerous  Slaves. — 
A  few  distressed  French  Families,  who  were  exil'd  from 
Jamaica,  and  sought  an  assylum  in  Louisiana,  were  per- 
mitted to  land  their  faithful  Domestics,  upon  giving  sat- 
isfactory proof,  that  they  had  not  been  concern 'd  in  the 
Troubles  of  St.  Domingo,  and  I  have  never  understood, 
that  this  permission,  which  Humanity  dictated,  was  dis- 
agreeable to  the  Louisianians. —  Not  many  weeks  since, 
four  or  five  English  Gentlemen,  emigrating  to  Louisiana, 
were  also  permitted  to  land  their  Domestics,  upon  giv- 
ing like  assurances,  and  entering  into  bonds,  not  to  sell 
any  of  the  male  Slaves  above  the  age  of  18  years,  for  a 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        359 

limited  period. —  It  is  not  improbable,  but  some  base 
Speculators,  may  have  taken  advantage  of  these  Indul- 
gencies,  and  introduc'd  dangerous  Slaves;  and  it  is  also 
very  probable,  (and  it  is  so  reported)  that  some  Brig- 
ands may  have  escap'd  the  Vigilance  of  the  officers  at 
the  Balize  and  Plackinin,  by  a  passage  in  the  night,  or 
Concealment  in  the  Holds  of  Vessells : —  but  on  this  ac- 
count, no  blame  shou'd  attach  to  me: —  since,  however, 
the  first  of  October,  the  act  of  Congress,  in  this  particu- 
lar, has  given  to  the  Citizens  additional  security. — 

To  conciliate  public  opinion,  and  to  promote  Har- 
mony, have  been  my  favorite  objects: — but  I  have  been 
less  fortunate,  than  I  had  anticipated! —  Unfortunate 
Divisions,  certainly  exist  in  Louisiana;  but  the  seeds  of 
discontent,  were  so"s\ti,  previous  to  my  arrival  in  the 
province,  and  they  have  deriv'd  nourishment  from 
causes,  which  I  cou'd  neither  controul  or  counteract. — 

The  news-paper  scribbling,  which  has  excited  so 
much  sensibility,  I  have  seen  and  sincerely  regretted; 
but  it  does  not  devolve  upon  me,  to  correct  the  Licenti- 
ousness, of  the  press. —  It's  Liberty  I  will  never  in- 
vade ! — 

Perhaps  there  are  some  other  Statements  in  the 
pamphlet,  which  I  ought  to  notice;  but  I  at  present  feel 
m^^self  yerj  unwell,  and  must  therefore  hasten  to  a  Con- 
clusion.— 

On  taking  a  retrospective  View  of  my  late  Adminis- 
tration, I  can  charge  my  Memory  with  no  Act,  that  my 
Conscience  and  Judg-nient  do  not  approve !  It  is,  never- 
theless probable,  that  I  maj^  have  committed  many  Er- 
rors :  for  I  was  plac  'd  on  a  new  Theatre,  and  had  a  part 
to  perform,  which  I  did  not  well  understand. —  Amidst, 
however,  many  Difficulties,  I  have  caus'd  the  Laws,  in 
Mercy,  (and  I  hope  too,)  in  Justice,  to  be  administer 'd! 
Amidst   a   Contrariety   of   Interests,   of   prejudices,   of 


360  MISSISSIPPI    TEREITOEIAX,    ARCHIVES. 

Opinions,  of  Designs  and  Intrigues,  the  peace  of  society- 
has  been  maintained,  and  the  Liberty,  property  and  Re- 
ligion of  the  Citizen,  protected. — 

I  pray  yon.  Sir,  to  excuse  this  long  Letter,  and  to  re- 
ceive assurance  of  my 

great  Respect  &  sincere  Regard 

The  Honble.  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison  „ „  — ^ 

Sec'y  of  State. 
Gov.  Claiborne 
16  Octr.  W  04 
Reed.  22  Novr 


Extract  of  a  letter  from  the  Governor  to  M.  Bore 
Mayor  of  the  City. 

New  Orleans,  Feby.  8,  1804. 

"I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  letter  of  the 
''6th  instant. 

"The  precautions  recommended  by  the  Municipality, 
''with  respect  to  the  introduction  of  Negroes  and  free 
"mulattoes  from  the  Antillas  into  this  Territory,  appear 
"to  me  highly  expedient,  and  I  shall  with  pleasure  and 
"promptitude,  give  the  necessary  orders  upon  this  sub- 
"ject   to   the    Commandants    of    Plaquemines    and   the 

"Balise." 

Note- 
Orders  were  immediately  issued  by  General  AYilkin- 
son  at  my  request  in  conformity  to  the  wishes  of  the  Mu- 
nicipality, ^^r    (.    (.    ^ 


Extract  of  a  letter  from  the  Governor  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  State—  dated  New  Orleans  12th  July  1804. 

"All  vessels  with  Slaves  on  board  are  Stopped  at  Pla- 
quemines, and  not  permitted  to  pass  without  my  consent 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  361 

—  Tliis  is  done  to  prevent  the  bringing  in  of  Slaves  that 
have  been  concerned  in  the  insurrection  of  St.  Domingo ; 
but  w  hile  any  importations  are  admitted,  many  bad  char- 
acters will  be  introduced.  The  Citizens  of  Louisiana 
are  greatly  apprehensive  of  the  West  Indian  negroes, 
but  no  effectual  stop  can  at  present  be  put  to  their  intro- 
duction."— 


To  Col.  Freeman 

New  Orleans  17  July  1804 
Sir, 

In  consequence  of  some  late  fraudulent  practices 
against  the  Revenue  below  Plaquemines  and  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  the  Collector  of  the  District 
has  been  induced  to  station  an  Inspector  at  the  Balise, 
and  as  it  is  very  probable,  he  may  in  the  execution  of  his 
duty  meet  with  opposition  from  disorderly''  and  fraudu- 
lent men,  I  request  that  you  would  be  so  obliging  as  to 
give  Orders  to  the  officers  Commanding  the  troops  at  the 
Balise,  to  co-operate  with  the  Inspector  in  all  measures 
for  the  prevention  of  frauds  and  the  security  of  the  Reve- 
nue. 

There  is  another  duty  which  I  must  request  you  to 
exact  from  the  Officer. —  Previous  to  the  arrival  of  the 
period,  when  by  the  law  of  Congress  the  importation  of 
Slaves  into  Louisiana  mil  be  prohibited,  there  is  no 
doubt,  but  exertions  will  be  used  to  bring  hither,  as  great 
a  number  as  possible  of  that  description  of  persons  with- 
out regard  to  their  Character ;  perhaps  many  of  the  ref- 
use negroes  of  the  English  Islands  may  be  imported, 
and  even  some  of  the  Brigands  from  St.  Domingo — pre- 
cautions heretofore  observed  at  Fort  Plaquemines  have 
not  proved  effectual ;  the  vigilance  of  the  meritorious  of- 
ficers at  that  Post  (and  my  o^sm)  has  been  evaded,  and 


362  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Speculatory  and  others  have  found  many  (either  by  pass- 
ing the  Fort  in  the  night,  conceahnent  in  the  hold  of  the 
vessels,  or  answering  falsely  to  questions)  to  introduce 
into  this  Province  negroes  whose  characters  and  conduct, 
have  given  serious  alarm  to  the  good  inhabitants  of 
Louisiana.  AVhile  therefore  the  introduction  of  African 
Slaves  will  be  permitted  until  the  act  of  Congress  shall 
operate,  I  am  particularly  desirous  to  exclude  those 
Slaves  who  (from  late  habits)  are  accustomed  to  blood 
and  devastations,  and  whose  Counsel  and  communication 
Avith  our  present  black  population  may  be  pregnant  with 
much  future  mischief. —  May  I  request  therefore,  that 
the  officer  at  the  Balise  be  instructed  "to  board  the  dif- 
ferent vessels  passing  up  the  Mississippi;  ascertain  the 
number  of  Negroes  on  board,  from  whence  they  came, 
the  name  or  names  of  the  0A\Tier  or  owners,  or  the  per- 
son to  whom  consigned,  and  that  he  report  the  former  to 
the  officer  Commanding  at  Plaquemines."  It  may  hap- 
pen that  at  all  times  it  Avill  not  be  in  the  power  of  the 
officers  to  board  a  vessel,  and  in  this  case  a  report  to 
him  from  the  Captain  of  such  vessel  will  be  satisfac- 
tory." It  is  expected  that  an  express  boat  for  the  con- 
veyance of  letters  will  shortly  pass  between  the  Balise 
and  this  City,  but  until  this  arrangement  is  made,  it  is 
presumed  that  Communication  between  the  officers  at 
Plaquemines  and  the  Balise  may  be  forwarded  mth 
safety,  either  by  vessels  or  passengers  passing  up  and 
dowm  the  River. 

I  should  advise  the  Pilots  at  the  Balise  of  the  instruc- 
tions to  the  officer  relative  to  vessels  and  instruct  them 
to  conform  thereto. — 

In  consequence  of  the  stationing  of  the  detachment  at 
the  Balise,  I  must  ask  the  favor  of  you  to  give  some 
additional  instruction  to  the  officer  at  Plaquemines  and 
which  I  will  communicate  to  you  very  shortly  in  a  letter. 

I  am  sorry  to  make  of  you  any  request  which  will  d\ 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       3G3 

vide  your  Command,  and  increase  the  duty  which  is  al- 
ready devolving  upon  the  military,  but  the  great  solici- 
tude of  the  City  upon  the  Subject  of  Negroes,  and  the 
necessity  there  is  for  a  temporary  post  at  the  Balise  nmst 
plead  my  apology. 
Lt.  Col.  Freeman 
Commg.  US.  Troops  N.  Orleans 


To  Capt.  Johnson 

New  Orleans  18  July  1804 

To  Captn  Johnson  1st  Pilot  at  the  Balise. 
Sir, 

The  Officer  commanding  the  detachment  of  troops  at 
the  Balise  has  been  instructed  to  visit  every  vessel  enter- 
ing the  mouth  of  the  River  and  to  ascertain  the  number 
of  Negroes  on  board,  or  to  receive  a  report  of  the  same 
on  shore  from  the  Captain  or  Commander  of  such  ves- 
sel.—  It  is  expected  therefore,  that  you  will  co-operate 
with  the  officer  in  the  execution  of  his  duty,  and  that  the 
Commander  of  no  vessel  will  refuse  a  compliance  with  a 
regulation,  which  the  interest  of  this  Province  peremp- 
torily demands. 

The  importation  of  African  Slaves  will  be  permitted 
untill  the  1st  of  October;  but  I  am  particularly  desirous 
to  prevent  the  introduction  of  any  of  the  brigands  of  St. 
Domingo,  or  the  refuse  negroes  of  the  West  Indian  Isl- 
ands;—  The  vigilance  heretofore  observed,  has  been 
avoided,  and  Speculators  and  others  have  found  means 
to  bring  hither  many  dangerous  characters;  hence  the 
necessity  of  further  precautions,  and  I  request  that  you 
would  communicate  from  time  to  time  such  information 


364  MISSISSIPPI    TEEKITORIAL     ARCHIVES.       . 

upon  the  subject  as  you  may  suppose  may  exist  assist 
the  object  in  view. — 

I  am  informed  that  Negroes  belonging  to  persons  re- 
siding in  this  City,  and  its  vicinity  often  escape  from  the 
service  of  their  masters,  and  by  concealing  concealing 
themselves  on  board  of  vessels  (Sometimes  with  the  con- 
nivance of  the  Captain  or  Crew)  pass  out  of  the  Province. 
I  wish  you  would  endeavor  to  prevent  for  the  future  like 
practices,  and  in  all  instances  where  you  can  detect  such 
runaway  Slaves,  and  secure  the  same  at  the  Balise. 

I  can  hardly  Presume  that  a  person  entrusted  with 
the  Command  of  a  vessel,  can  so  far  deviate  from  the 
character  of  a  Gentleman  as  to  assist  in  facilitating  the 
escape  of  a  Servant  from  the  service  of  his  master;  I 
therefore  rest  with  confidence  that  masters  of  vessels 
will  with  promptitude  and  pleasure,  surrender  to  you 
all  such  runaways. 

It  being  necessary  at  this  season  of  the  Year  to  guard 
with  vigilance  the  health  of  New  Orleans,  it  is  deter- 
mined that  no  vessel  shall  be  Permitted  to  approach  the 
City  until  she  has  been  visited  by  the  Physicians  of  the 
Port,  or  the  Board  of  Health,  and  declared  free  from 
contagion;  You  will  therefore  inform  Commanders  of 
vessels  of  this  regulation,  and  instruct  them  to  come  to, 
at,  or  near  the  first  point  below  the  City,  and  there  re- 
ceive the  visit.  A  strict  compliance  with  this  regulation 
will  be  enforced. — 

There  is  an  Ordinance  of  the  Municipality  which  di- 
rects every  stranger  within  twenty  four  hours  after  his 
arrival  at  New  Orleans,  to  report  himself  at  the  office 
of  the  Mayor  of  the  City.  You  will  be  pleased  to  make 
known  this  Ordinance  to  passengers  or  others  entering 
the  river,  in  order  that  they  may  conform  thereto. — 

P.  S.  You  will  be  pleased  to  communicate  this  letter 
to  the  Pilots  generally,  and  take  care  that  its  contents 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  365 

are  complied  with. —  When  a  Runaway  is  arrested,  a 
reasonable  compensation  tvill  be  made  by  the  oivner  to 
the  Pilot. 


To  Capt.  Nichols 

New  Orleans  25  July  1804 
Sir, 

To  guard  against  frauds  on  the  Revenue,  and  to  as- 
sist in  our  endeavors  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  dan- 
gerous Negroes  into  this  Province,  Lieutenant  Rejaiolds 
with  20  men  has  at  my  request,  been  Order 'd  by  Colonel 
Freeman  to  the  Balise; —  The  Lieutenant  is  from  time 
to  time  report  to  you,  and  through  you  you  he  wdll  receive 
his  further  Orders. 

Your  vigilance  and  general  conduct  as  an  officer  are 
highly  pleasing  to  me,  but  it  has  been  discovered  that 
some  of  the  Brigands  from  St.  Domingo  have  heretofore 
been  landed  below  Plaquemines  and  introduced  clan- 
destinely into  this  City;  to  prevent  a  repetition  of  such 
occasions  a  Post  is  to  be  maintained  temporarily  at  the 
Balise. 

It  is  expected  (as  heretofore)  that  every  vessel  with 
Slaves  on  board  will  be  halted  at  Plaquemines,  examined, 
and  the  Slaves  detained  untill  my  permission  for  their 
passing  is  acquired. —  The  report  of  Lieut.  Re^Tiolds  mil 
enable  you,  to  ascertain  whether  any  part  of  the  Crew 
has  been  landed  below  Plaquemines;  and  in  every  in- 
stance I  wish  you  would  State  to  me,  whether  on  the  ar- 
rival of  the  vessel  at  Plaquemines  the  number  of  the  Ne- 
groes on  board,  their  descriptions,  character,  and  accord 
with  the  statement  you  received  from  Lieut.  Re^molds. 

Of  late  many  negroes  of  this  City  have  escaped  from 
the  service  of  their  masters,  and  the  the  general  opinion 


366  MISSISSIPPI    TEREITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

seems  to  be,  that  they  are  secreted  in  vessels  going  to 
Sea :  You  Avill  therefore  render  a  service  to  the  Citizens 
here,  if  you  would  direct  one  of  your  Sergeants  to  visit 
each  vessel  descending  the  River,  and  to  make  enquiry 
of  the  Captain  thereof,  whether  he  has  observed  any 
negroes  not  belonging  to  the  Crew  on  board;  and  in  all 
cases,  where  a  runaway  is  discovered,  to  arrest  and  se- 
cure him  in  the  Fort.  I  have  understood  that  runaways 
sometimes  conceal  themselves  on  board  of  vessels  with- 
out the  knowledge  of  any  of  the  Crew,  and  at  other  times 
by  the  connivance  of  some  of  the  Sailors,  and  that  after 
being  discovered  by  the  Captain,  having  no  opportunity 
to  return  them  to  their  masters,  they  are  permitted  to 
continue  on  their  passage.  The  Sergeant  detecting  a 
runaway,  may  be  permitted  to  charge  Eight  dollars,  and 
One  ration  a  day  may  be  furnished  such  runaway  (at  20 
cents)  all  which  will  be  reimbursed  by  the  OA\Tier. 

There  is  a  late  Ordinance  of  the  Municipality,  which 
directs  that  any  Strangers,  coining  to  New  Orleans,  shall 
Avithin  24  hours  after  after  his  arrival  report  himself  at 
the  office  of  the  Mayor  of  the  City ; —  I  will  thank  you  to 
give  this  information  to  such  gentlemen  coming  by  Sea  to 
New  Orleans,  as  ma}"  call  at  Plaquemines  in  order,  that 
they  may  conform  thereto. 
Captain  Nicoll 
Commg  at  Plequemines 


To  the  Mayor 

New  Orleans  July  25  1804 

To  the  Mayor  and  Municipality! 
Gentlemen, 

Lieutenant  Reynolds,  mth  a  Sergeant,  Corporal  and 
twenty  men  are  posted  at  the  Balise,  and  such  Orders 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        367 

have  been  given  that  officer  as  will  tend  to  prevent  in  fu- 
ture the  introduction  of  dangerous  Negroes  into  this 
Province.  Additional  instructions  have  also  been  given 
upon  this  subject,  to  the  Commandant  at  Plaquemines, 
and  to  the  Pilots  at  the  mouth  of  the  Eiver.  Every  ves- 
sel ascending  the  Mississippi  will  be  visited  by  the  the 
officer  at  the  Balise,  and  the  number  of  negroes  on  board, 
their  description  and  character,  from  whence  they  came, 
the  names  of  their  o\Amer,  or  to  whom  consigned,  are  to  be 
ascertained  and  reported.  All  vessels  also  (as  for- 
merly) will  be  brought  to',  and  examined  at  Plaquemines, 
and  the  Negroes  detained  untill  my  permission  for  their 
passing  is  obtained,  and  in  no  instance  are  Slaves  to  be 
admitted  into  the  City,  until  they  shall  be  previously  vis- 
ited by  a  Committee  of  the  Municipality. 

Upon  the  subject  of  runaways  the  necessary  Orders 
have  also  issued,  and  I  hope  the  practice  of  taking  Slaves 
from  Louisiana  bv  the  way  of  the  river  Avill  soon  cease. 


To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  Oct.  19th  1804 
Sir! 

On  the  19th  instant,  a  Duel  was  to  have  been  fought 
between  a  French  Citizen,  and  a  British  Subject,  who 
are  temporarily  residing  in  this  City:  by  some  means, 
however,  this  affair  of  Honor  did  not  take  place,  but  on 
the  same  day,  the  French-man  was  can'd  by  the  English- 
man in  the  Streets,  and,  this  Circumstance  had  very 
nearly  produced  on  yesterday,  some  serious  effects. — 
several  of  the  warm  Frenchmen,  espous'd  the  causes  of 
their  Friend,  who  had  been  can  'd  the  day  before,  and  de- 
termining upon  revenge,  met  his  assailant,  an  affray  im- 
mediately ensued;  the  Englishman  being  assauted,  fir'd 
a  pistol  at  the  aggressor,  retreated  with  haste,  and  call'd 
aloud  for  succour. —  Several  Americans  went  to  his  as- 


368  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

sistance  and  relieved  him  from  his  angry  pursuers. — 
The  Rioters  were  immediately  brought  before  me  and, 
(with  the  advice  and  consent  of  five  of  the  magistrates,) 
two  of  them  were  coromitted  to  prison  for  three  days, 
and  bound  in  a  Recognisance  to  preserve  the  peace  for 
twelve  months. — 

This  affair,  (which  in  any  other  City  in  the  United 
States,  wou'd  be  \dew'd  as  unimportant)  has  excited 
much  agitation  here;  many  Frenchmen,  (I  mean  those, 
who  are  not  ancient  Louisianians)  seem  to  make  it  a 
common  cause,  and  having  indulg'd  themselves,  in  some 
illiberal  abuse  of  the  Americans,  many  of  them,  (who 
othermse  probably  wou'd  have  remain 'd  neutral)  are 
enlisted  on  the  side  of  the  Englishman. — 

In  this  state  of  things,  we  thought  it  best  to  keep  the 
principals  in  Joal  for  a  few  days,  untill  the  public  Fer- 
ment, shou'd  have  subsided. —  Neither  of  the  Judges 
having  arfiv'd  and  it  being  esteem 'd  doubtful  how  far 
the  Act  of  Congress  has  recognis'd  the  late  Tribunals  of 
Louisiana,  the  criminal  Jurisprudence,  is  left  in  a  very 
lax  State. —  The  general  opinion  here,  is,  that  the  pow- 
ers of  the  Court  of  pleas  for  this  City,  have  ceas'd,  and 
a  few  of  the  members  seem  unfiling  to  act  even  as  Con- 
servators of  the  peace. — 

Under  these  circumstances,  (however  painful  it  is  to 
me)  to  exceed  in  the  least  the  bounds  of  my  legal  au- 
thority) I  find  myslf  compell'd  from  necessity,  to  take 
measures  for  the  public  tranquillity. —  This  City  re- 
quires a  strict  police;  the  Inhabitants  are  of  various 
Descriptions ;  many  highly  respectable,  and  some  of  them 
extremely  vicious. —  great  Exertions  have  been  made, 
(and  with  too  much  success)  to  foment  differences  be- 
tween the  native  Americans,  and  the  native  Louisi- 
anians; every  incident  is  laid  hold  of,  to  ^^iden  the 
breach  and  to  excite  Jealously  and  confusion. —  The  In- 
trigues of  certain  late  Emigrants  from  France  and  some 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        369 

of  the  Satellites  of  the  Spanish  Government,  have  tend- 
ed considerably  to  heighten  the  Discontent  in  this  Quar- 
ter ;  every  thing  in  my  power,  has  been  done,  to  counter- 
act these  Intrigues,  but  with  little  Success;  the  fact  is, 
that  the  affections  of  many  of  the  Louisianians  for  their 
mother  Country,  are  warm,  and  others  seem  attached  to 
the  Spanish  Government. —  I  have  to  complain  also  of 
some  of  the  native  Americans:  they  are  rasli,  and  very 
imprudent. —  The  newspaper  publications,  also  add  to 
my  Embarrassment ;  they  give  Inquietude  to  the  Louisi- 
anians, and  Trouble  to  me. —  The  present  State  of  thing 
here,  mortifies  me  excessively;  but  I  hope,  that  good  or- 
der mil  be  preserv'd,  and  Harmony  soon  restor'd. — 
These  objects  shall  constitute  my  first  and  greatest 
Cares. — 

with  great  Respect 

your  Hble  Servant 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P.   S.     On    yesterday    about    thirty    Frenchmen    din'd 
with  their  Countryman  in  prison. — 

The  enclos'd  lines  were  compos 'd  and  sung  on  the  oc- 
casion.—  I  do  not  know,  that  any  native  Louisianian 
was  of  the  Party :  but  I  have  understood  there  were  sev- 
eral, who  under  the  Treaty  claim  to  be  Citizens  of  the 
United  States. —  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Madison 


New  Orleans  October  20th  1804 
Sir 

I  enclose  you  a  copy  of  a  letter  which  I  addressed  to 
the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  on  the  9th  instant,  relating 
to  the  continuance  of  certain  Spanish  officers  in  this  Ter- 
ritory, as  also  a  translation  of  his  answer. 

II — 24 


370  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

I  am  persuaded  that  these  Foreigners  are  not  well 
disposed  to  the  interest  of  the  U.  States,  and  I  thought 
it  a  duty  to  express  my  disapprobation  to  their  resi- 
dence here,  So  much  beyond  the  right  and  occasion  for 
it."— 

The  Marquis  tells  me,  that  the  Auditor  of  Intendants 
are  the  only  officers  remaining,  but  I  nevertheless  see 
daily.  Persons  in  Spanish  uniform,  of  several  others 
who  were  formerly  employed  in  the  Custom  House  un- 
der the  Spanish  Government ; —  it  is  possible  that  those 
persons  may  have  been  permitted  to  retire  on  pensions, 
or  to  remain  in  this  Territory  in  the  enjoyment  of  their 
full  pay, —  I  have  also  understood  that  the  Spanish 
Monarch  has  not  yet  withdrawn  his  Patronage  from  the 
Priests  in  Louisiana,  and  particularly  that  the  Vicar 
General  (a  Mr.  Walsh)  is  paid  his  Salary  regularly  by 
the  Marquis —  I  cannot  vouch  for  the  accuracy  of  this 
information;  But  I  will  make  further  inquiry,  and  will 
communicate  the  result; —  If  the  information  should 
prove  correct,  it  may  merit  the  attention  of  Govern- 
ment.    The  influence  of  the  Priest  here  is  considerable. 

'  Very  Eespectfully 

Your  Hble  Servant 
The  Honble.  AVilliam  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State. 


From  Casa  Calvo 
Sir 

Among  the  persons  who  were  constituted  in  Authority 
by  his  Catholic  Majesty  in  this  Province,  the  Auditor 
of  war  Lieutenant  Governour  and  the  Contador  (treas- 
urer) Don  Juan  Ventura  Morales,  are  the  only  officers 
remaining  here,  the  First  one  has  already  the  most  part 
of  his  Baggage  arrived  at  Pensacola,  and  I  have  directed 


LETTEE    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  371 

the  second,  to  set  out  for  his  destination,  as  soon  as  it 
can  be  possible ;  this  will  be  effected  at  the  very  instant 
when  he  has  finally  disposed  a  few  things  that  relate  to 
the  Domains  of  his  Majesty,  which  still  require  his  pres- 
ence. I  will  be  carefull  to  procure  that  your  Excellency 
does  receive  the  satisfaction  you  wish  to  have.  I  give 
your  Excellency  this  information  as  an  answer  to  your 
Favor  of  the  9th  Instant. 

Please  God  to  Grant  your  Excellency  a  Great  many 
years.  I  wish  it  Sincerely.  New  Orleans  the  10th  of 
October  1804. 

(Signed)  the  Marquis  of  Casacalvo. 
I  Certify  the  present  translation 

Moreau  de  Listery 
interpreter  by  interim 


To  Casa  Calvo 
gjj.  New  Orleans  October  9th  1804 

It  is  now  near  ten  months  since  Louisiana  was  deliv- 
ered to  the  United  States,  and  yet  the  complete  evacu- 
ation of  the  Province  by  the  former  Spanish  authorities, 
as  stipulated  by  Treaty,  has  not  taken  place. — 

I  can  therefore  no  longer  refrain  from  observing  to 
your  Excellency  that  the  continuance  in  this  Territory 
of  many  Spanish  officers,  so  much  beyond  the  right  and 
occasion  for  it,  is  not  seen  with  approbation ;  and  I  must 
particularly  mention,  that  the  early  departure  of  Mr. 
John  V.  Morales  who  stiles  himself  Intendant  and  Con- 
tadore  of  the  Koyal  Armies  would  afford  me  satisfac- 
tion. 

I  remain  to  your  Excellency  assurancy  of  my  great 
respect  &  high  considerations 

Signed     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency  i 

The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo 


372  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison 

New-Orleans  Oct.  22n(i  1804 
Sir! 

I  have  the  Honor  to  enclose  you  a  List  of  the  Chris- 
tian names  of  the  Gentlemen  commissioned  by  the  Pres- 
ident members  of  the  Legislative  Council,  as  also  the 
Christian  name  of  the  Gentleman  appointed  Marshal. 

Three  of  the  Councillors,  to  wit  Messrs.  Dowe,  Bor^ 
and  Jones,  have  declined  serving :  Messrs.  Watkins,  Mor- 
gan &  Debuys  have  accepted. —  I  have  taken  measures, 
to  inform  the  others  of  their  appointments,  but  have  not 
yet  receiv'd  their  answers. —  I  have  issued  a  proclama- 
tion convening  the  Council  on  the  12th  of  next  month; 
but  I  very  much  fear  I  shall  not  be  enabled  to  form  a 
Quorum. —  The  opinion  of  Mr.  Jones,  in  relation  to  his 
political  consistency,  seems  to  have  been  adopted  by  Mr. 
Bore,  and  I  fear  may  also  be  embrac'd  by  other  Gentle- 
men nam'd. —  You  will  see,  therefore,  the  necessity  of 
the  Vacancies  being  early  fill'd. —  I  will  venture  to  rec- 
ommend Messrs.  George  Mathen,  Eugene  D'onsiere,  and 
William  Donaldson,  as  deserving  the  Confidence  of  the 
President. — 

The  enclos'd  Letters,  from  the  officer  commanding  at 
Natchitoches,  will  give  you  the  news  from  that  quarter. 

Governor  Folch,  having  quell 'd  the  Insurrection  at 
Baton  Rouge,  without  the  loss  of  blood,  or  even  seeing 
an  Insurgent,  is  about  returning  to  Pensacola,  and  has 
solicited  my  permission  for  the  passage  of  himself  and 
Suite,  by  the  way  of  N-Orleans;  this  has  been  granted, 
accompanied  with  assurances  of  my  protection  and 
friendly  attention. 

I  am  sir  very  respectfully 

Yr  Hble  Servt. 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  AV.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        373 

From  Ediv.  Turner 

Natchitoches  Aug  30  1804 

Sir, 

I  received  your  favor  by  return  of  Express  on  the  — 
Inst,  and  have  made  the  Inhabitants  acquainted  with  the 
Contents. —  The  Letter  you  mention  by  Lieut.  Blood- 
worth  has  not  yet  come  to  hand. —  I  enclose  you  an  ex- 
tract of  a  Letter  I  received  a  few  days  since  from  the 
Conmiandant  of  Nacogdoches,  by  which  you  will  per- 
ceive it  is  probable  that  he  has  good  authority  for  his 
general  conduct  by  a  person  lately  from  there.  I  am  in- 
formed that  any  person  who  arrives  from  Louisiana  is 
very  strictly  searched  for  Letters,  and  if  an^^  are  found, 
they  are  immediately  opened  and  read ;  and  that  the  con- 
duct generally  pursued,  is  such,  that  nothing  but  an  ab- 
solute state  of  warfare  would  justify. 

A  Mr.  Edw.  Murphy  Mercht.  of  this  place  has  the 
exclusive  privilege  of  suppljdng  the  Indians  of  the  Span- 
ish Country  with  Goods,  in  consequence  every  thing  nec- 
essary is  sent  by  him  from  here  to  Nacogdoches,  par- 
ticularly large  quantities  of  powder  &  Ball.  No  prohibi- 
tion being  on  these  articles,  the  Trade  is  a  fair  one,  but 
in  case  of  a  difficulty  either  Avith  the  Spaniards  or  In- 
dians we  might  feel  the  effects  of  it,  the  circumstance 
gives  the  Spaniards  a  great  opertunity  of  ingratiating 
themselves  with  the  Indians,  whom  they  take  great  pains 
to  convince  that  in  consequence  of  their  being  furnished 
■with  what  they  want,  they  are  under  vast  obligations. 
I  do  not  give  this  information  with  a  view  of  having  the 
supplies  stopped,  but  with  an  Idea  of  inducing  a  Factory 
establishment  as  soon  as  possible,  which  w^ould  divert 
the  Indians  from  the  present  Chanel  of  supply,  and  give 
us  all  the  importance  now  attached  to  the  Spanish;  for 
I  have  not  a  doubt  but  the  most  remote  Indians  avIio  are 
noAv  supplied  by  them,  Avould  resort  to  us. —  With  consid- 


374  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

eration  I  repeat  I  have  the  honor  to  be  your  Humble 
Servt.— 

Edw.  D.  Turner. 
Governor  Claiborne 


An  extract  of  a  Letter  dated  15th  Augst.  from  Capt. 
John  Inaguin  Ugante  Command,  of  Nacogdoches  to 
Capt.  Edward  D.  Turner  Commanding  at  Natchitoches — 

''Eespecting  pasports  you  may  give  for  this  place,  I 
should  be  very  much  pleased  you  would  Limit  them  to 
the  Inhabitants  of  your  District  only,  or  such  persons 
as  may  have  Debts  &  depending  here,  and  find  it  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  come  on  to  Liquidate  their  affairs  of 
interest ;  /  not  having  it  in  my  Power  to  admit  any  other 
for  the  present  moment  coming  from  Louisiana." 


From  Roht.  Dow. 
His  Excellency  William  C.  C.   Claiborne   Governor 
General  of  the  Province  &c.  &c..  &c. 
Sir, 

I  have  duly  received  Yours  of  the  5th  Instant  and  feel 
myself  highly  honor 'd  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  and  by  Yourself  Sir,  in  calling  me  to  a  Chair  in 
the  Legislature  of  this  Country  and  had  not  other  Cir- 
cumstances interven'd  I  should  have  done  the  best  I 
could  for  the  public  good,  but  my  present  Situation  in 
this  Country  and  my  family  concerns  put  it  entirely  out 
of  my  power  to  serve. 

I  therefore  beg  your  Excellency  will  admit  this  my 
just  Excuse,  and  be  assured  of  the  high  Consideration 
with  with  which  I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Sir, 
Your  Excellency's  Most  Obedient 
&  very  humble  servant 
Eobert  Dow 
New  Orleans  10th  of  October  1804 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       375 

A  List  of  the  Councellors. — 

Stephen  Bore resigned 

Evan  Jones  Do 

Robert  Dowe Do 

Benjamin  Morgan accepts 

Gasper  Dubreys do 

John  Watkins do 

Michael  Cantrell not  known 

William  Kenner Do 

Julian  Poidras -- Do 

Daniel  Clark  Do 

James  Roman Do 

William  Wikopp   Do 

and 
Bellchap  Assilla  Degantico do 

Marshall  for  the  District  of  Orleans. 
Francis  Joseph  de  Briton  Dorgonoy. 


To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  October  26th  1804 
Sir, 

I  enclose  you  a  Duplicate  of  my  Letter  of  the  16th  In- 
stant, which  presents  you  with  my  reply  to  certain 
charges,  contained  in  a  Pamphlet,  which  has  heretofore 
been  forwarded  to  you. —  Perhaps  this  Publication  will 
not  receive  any  credit  to  the  Northward, —  But  as  the 
attention  of  the  American  Citizens  is  turned  to  Louisi- 
ana, and  from  our  great  distance  from  the  Seat  of  Gov- 
ernment and  other  causes,  events  in  this  quarter  are  too 
apt  to  be  misrepresented,  I  thought  it  prudent  not  to  re- 
main silent  under  acqusations  made  against  me,  even  by 
an  anonimous  writer. 

Altho'  there  has  been  much  discontent  manifested  in 
New  Orleans  and  its  vicinity,  yet  I  do  not  believe  that 


376  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES.      ■ 

the  disaffection  is  of  a  serious  nature,  or  that  it  is  ex- 
tensive. That  some  difficulty  would  attend  the  Intro- 
duction of  American  Government  and  Laws,  was  to  have 
been  expected; —  On  every  change  of  Dominion,  discon- 
tent more  or  less  invariably  ensues,  and  when  we  take 
into  view,  the  various  and  rapid  rapid  transitions  and 
transfers  which  have  taken  place  in  this  Territory,  we 
may  indeed  felicitate  ourselves  on  the  great  share  of  good 
order  Avhich  has  been  preserved.  The  most  arbitary 
Governments  find  advocates,  and  the  most  unprincipled 
Despot  is  seldom  without  friends. — Where  Despotism 
reigns,  silence  (produced  by  fear)  is  received  as  the 
Test  of  contentment,  and  a  tame  submission  to  Injus- 
tice, as  a  proof  of  the  public  sanction.  Had  an  admin- 
istration rigid,  coercive,  and  unjust  been  introduced  into 
the  ceded  Territory  under  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  I  am  persuaded  there  would  have  been  less 
mourning,  and  a  delusive  appearance  of  popular  appro- 
bation,—  But  under  a  mild  and  just  Government  which 
admits  freedom  of  Speech  and  of  opinion,  the  Man  in- 
deed must  be  little  acquainted  with  human  nature,  who 
would  expect  to  find  in  Louisiana  union  in  opinion  and 
sentiments. —  I  know  not  w^hether  any  or  what  particu- 
lar exception  may  be  taken  at  the  Seat  of  Government 
to  my  administration.  But  I  can  conscientiously  say,  that 
my  conduct  thru 'out  has  been  directed  by  the  purest 
motives  of  honest  patriotism,  and  that  my  measures  were 
rendered  necessary  by  existing  circumstances,  on  strong 
considerations  of  political  expendiency. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be  Sir, 

With  very  great  respect  yo :  mo :  obt.  Sevt. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

The  Honble.  „ „ 

James  Madison 
Secretary  of  State 
Washington. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  377 

To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  October  27th  1804 
Sir, 

In  my  Letter  of  the  10th  Instant,  I  mentioned  only  six 
offices  that  might  properly  be  considered  as  lucrative ; — 
Perhaps  to  those,  I  might  to  have  added  the  Attorney 
General  for  the  Province,  the  Physician  for  the  Port  of 
New  Orleans,  the  Secretary  to  the  Municipality,  and 
three  Vendue  Masters  or  Auctioneers,  all  of  which  are 
commissioned  by  the  Governor,  although  their  emolu- 
ments are  supposed  to  be  very  inconsiderable. —  The  At- 
torney General  is  a  Native  American  as  also  the  Phy- 
sician of  the  Port,  but  he  is  married  to  a  Creolle  of  the 
Country  and  has  resided  in  the  Territory  for  four  years ; 
—  The  Secretary  to  the  Municipality  is  a  native  french- 
man, I  believe  an  ancient  Louisianian;  one  of  the  Auc- 
tioneers is  a  Native  of  Ireland,  &  has  been  an  Inhabitant 
of  this  City  for  several  years;  another  is  a  Native  of 
France,  and  resided  in  Louisiana  on  my  arrival ;  and  the 
third  (lately  appointed)  is  a  Native  of  the  U.  States,  and 
the  Son  of  a  frenchman.  With  respect  to  appointments 
of  honor  and  Trust,  not  communicated  in  my  Letter  of 
the  16th  instant,  I  may  mention  the  Members  of  the' 
Board  of  health  consisting  of  nine  Members,  of  whom 
tivo  only  are  modern  Louisianians. —  My  My  object  has 
been  to  avail  the  Public  of  the  services  of  deserving  and 
well  informed  Citizens,  and  as  there  are  many  Native 
Americans  of  this  description  residing  in  Louisiana,  it 
ought  not  to  be  a  matter  of  surprise,  that  some  of  them 
should  have  received  offices. — 

The  ancient  Louisianians  hold  as  many  appointments 


.378  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

as  their  numbers  &  qualification  entitled  them  to;  and 
<jannot  therefore  have  cause  of  complaint. 
I  am  Sir, 

Very  respectfully 

Your  hble.  Servt. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 

James  Madison 

Secy  of  State. 
P.  S.  Of  these  officers  appointed  by  the  President, 

the  Louisianians  seem  to  me,  to  possess  their  due  propor- 
tion ;  the  Surveyor  of  the  Port  of  New  Orleans,  and  also 
of  the  Bayou  St.  John  are  ancient  Louisianians,  &  the 
Marshall  for  the  District,  is  a  Creol  of  the  Province. 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  3d  Nov.  1804 
Sir 

On  yesterday  I  received  a  letter  from  the  Deputy  Col- 
lector of  which  the  enclosed  No.  1  is  a  Copy,  informing  of 
the  arrival  in  the  Mississippi  of  a  vessel  with  a  number  of 
Frenchmen  on  board,  who  had  captured  Said  vessel  on 
the  high  seas  under  particular  circumstances — 

I  determined  that  anon  the  Treaty,  it  would  be  im- 
proper to  permit  this  vessel  to  find  an  assylum  here,  and 
was  further  convinced  that  the  sudden  arrival  of  so  many 
Frenchmen  in  this  City  (whose  habits  &  situation  are  not 
probably  calculated  to  render  them  useful  members  of 
Society)  might  disturb  the  harmony  of  our  own  commun- 
ity;— with  a  view  therefore  to  the  Speedy  departure  of 
Said  vessel  and  her  Captors,  I  have  Taken  certain  meas- 
ures of  which  the  enclosed  No  2,  3,  4  5  and  6  will  par- 
ticularly inform  you. —  I  have  done  on  this  occasion  what 
prudence  suggested,  and  my  judgment  sanctioned,  and  I 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C,  C.  CLAIBORNE.       379 

sincerely  hope  my  conduct  will  be  approved  by  the  Presi- 
dent— 

I  am  Sir 

Very  Respectfully 

Your  most  Obt.  Servt. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Secretary  of  State 


Copy 

To  Capt.  Saml.  Davis 

New  Orleans  Nov  3d.  1804 
Sir 

I  have  received  information  that  a  vessel  with  near 
two  hundred  Frenchmen  on  board,  said  to  have  been 
prisoners  of  War  to  the  Government  of  Great  Britain, 
has  entered  the  Mississippi,  with  a  design  of  coming  to 
this  port ; —  It  is  further  represented  that  the  said  vessel 
on  her  passage  from  Jamaica  to  some  port  in  Great  Bri- 
tain was  taken  by  the  French  on  board  &  brought  into  the 
Mississippi —  If  this  statement  be  correct  ''no  refuge  or 
shelter"  can  be  given  in  any  port  in  the  Territory  to  said 
vessel,  and  she  must  depart  as  soon  as  possible —  You 
will  therefore  proceed  immediately  to  Plaquemine  where 
you  will  find  the  vessel  alluded  to  detained,  and  ascertain 
how  far  the  Statement  made  to  me  be  true;  If  you  find 
that  the  vessel  is  a  prize,  or  that  she  was  captured  in 
manner  as  described  you  will  hand  the  Letter  herein  en- 
closed,—  to  the  person  who  shall  appear  to  have  com- 
mand of  said  vessell,  and  urge  her  immediate  departure — 

On  your  return  you  will  be  pleased  to  make  me  a  par- 
ticular report  upon  the  subject  of  your  mission — 

Wishing  a  continuance  of  your  health  &  an  agreeable 
journey 

I  remain  Sir  very  Respectfully 

(Signed)       Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P.  S.        Should  you  find  the  vessel  in  distress  you  will 


380  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

hand  to  the  Person  commanding  her,  the  Letter  which 
directs  a  Departure  after  the  necessary  relief  is  obtained. 

w.  c.  c.  c. 


Copy 

To  Capt.  Nicoll,  Commanding  at  Plaquemeine 
^.  New  Orleans  Nov  3d.  1804 

On  yesterday  Col.  Freeman  at  my  request  issued  or- 
ders to  prevent  the  passage  by  Plaquemeine  of  a  vessel, 
lately  entering  the  Mississippi  with  a  number  of  French- 
men on  board  who  were  late  prisoners  of  War  to  the  Bri- 
tish Government,  and  who  captured  said  vessel  (from  the 
crew)  on  her  passage  to  some  Port  in  Great  Britain. 

Capt.  Davis  who  will  hand  you  this  Letter  carries  my 
orders  for  the  immediate  departure  of  said  vessel,  unless 
indeed  she  should  be  in  distress,  and  in  this  case,  she  may 
be  permitted  to  obtain  the  necessary  supplies  and  forth- 
with retire  with  all  possible  dispatch.  I  hope  you  will 
be  careful  to  prevent  any  person  on  board  from  landing 
or  passing  up  the  river —  I  tender  you  my  thanks  for 
your  past  vigilance,  and  am  persuaded  in  the  present  oc- 
casion, your  good  conduct  Will  entitle  you  still  further 
to  the  confidence  of 

Sir  your  most  Obt.  servt. 
signed  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  I  Avill  thank  you  to  receive  Capt.  Davis  with 

friendly  attention  &  to  forward  him  (on  his  return)  by 
water  to  Gentillej'^s,  Avhere  he  will  procure  a  horse — 


Copy 
To  the  Gentlemen  Commanding  the  Barque  Hero,  noiv 
detained  at  Plaquemine. 

gjp  New  Orleans  Nov.  2d  1804 

In  conformity  to  existing  Treaties  between  the  United 
States  and  the  belligerent  powers  the  Barque  Hero  & 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       381 

her  Captors  cannot  find  an  assylum  in  any  Port  in  this 
Territory; —  I  therefore  require  you  to  depart  as  soon 
as  possible. 

I  am  Sir 

Very  Respectfully 

Yr.  Hble.  Serv. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Note — This  Letter  to  be  delivered  in  the  event,  that 
the  vessel  is  fit  to  proceed  immediately  to  Sea. 

w.  c.  c.  c. 


Copy 
To  the  Gentleman  Commanding  the  Barque  Hero  noiv 
detained  at  Plaquemeine. 

g.^  New  Orleans  2  Nov.  1804 

In  conformity  to  existing  Treaty  between  the  United 
States,  and  the  beligerent  powers,  I  must  compel  you  to 
depart  with  your  prize, —  If  however  you  have  entered 
the  river  in  distress,  you  are  permitted  to  obtain  the 
necessary  supplies;  but  you  must  retire  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible— 

I  am  Sir 

Very  Respectfully 

Yr.  Hble.  Serv. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Note — This  Letter  to  be  delivered,  if  the  vessel  should 
prove  to  be  in  distress. 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  James  Madison 

f^-  New  Orleans  3rd  November  1804 

I  enclose  for  your  perusal  several  Letters,  which  I 
have  lately  received  from  Nachitoches,  together  mth 
copies  of  several  communications   (Nos.  1.  2.  3.  &  4.) 


382  MISSISSIPPI    TEKRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

which  in  consequence  thereof,  I  have  addressed  to  the 
Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo,  Cap:  Butter  &  to  Captain 
Turner  the  Conmiandant  at  Nachitoches. — It  will  cer- 
tainly require  great  prudence  and  caution  to  preserve 
Peace  on  the  Frontiers,  and  to  maintain  a  good  under- 
standing with  our  Spanish  and  Indian  Neighbours. —  On 
my  part  nothing  shall  be  omitted  to  insure  tranquility; 
but  if  the  Spanish  authorities  are  unfriendly  disposed,  I 
fear  some  troubles  may  insue.  When  the  Marquis's 
answers  to  my  communications  are  received,  they  shall 
shall  be  transmitted  to  you. — 

I  am  Sir, 

Very  respectfully 
,    Yo:Mo:Obt.  sevt.  . 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Secretary  of  State         ) 
for  the  United  States.  ) 


To  Casa  Calvo 
Copy 
g.j.  New  Orleans  October  30th  1804 

I  have  received  recent  Dispatches  from  Nachitoches, 
which  announce  the  desertion  of  nine  Slaves  (the  prop- 
erty of  citizens  of  the  United  States)  to  Nacogdoches, 
and  the  arrest  of  many  others,  who  had  formed  a  deter- 
mination to  desert,  and  repair  to  that  Post  in  full  ex- 
pectation of  receiving  protection  from  the  Spanish  Gov- 
ernment ; —  The  inhabitants  of  the  District  of  Nachi- 
toches manifest  on  this  occasion  much  inquietude,  and 
entertain  just  apprehensions  for  the  safety  of  their  prop- 
erty:—  The  causes  which  have  led  to  these  unpleasant 
occurences,  I  have  heretofore  communicated  to  Your  Ex- 
cellency, and  the  assurances  which  were  given  me,  that 
no  existing  decree  of  his  Catholic  Majesty  promised 
freedom  &  protection  to  Negro's  escaping  from  the  serv- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  383^ 

ice  of  their  masters,  and  that  your  Excellency  had  ad- 
dressed a  Letter  to  the  Commandant  of  Nacogdoches 
upon  the  Subject  induced  me  to  hope,  that  the  fears  of 
the  Inhabitants  of  Nachitoches  would  prove  groundless — 
But  these  fears  are  now  realized,  and  I  must  again  re- 
quest the  interference  of  Your  Excellency:  If  the  pro- 
tection be  offered  by  the  Commandant  of  Nacogdoches 
to  a  Single  Slave  deserting  the  service  of  his  master,  the 
consequences  which  will  ensue,  may  readily  be  antici- 
pated.—  Consequences  w^hich  mil  be  injurious  to  the  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States,  and  may  tend  to  disturb  that 
good  understanding  between  our  two  nations,  which  it  is 
their  mutual  interest  to  cherish  &  preserve. — 

I  pray  Your  Excellency  to  be  assured  of  my  great 
Respect  &  high  Consideration. — 

(Signed)      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 

The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. 


Copy  To  Casa  Calvo 

g.^  New  Orleans  October  31st.  1804 

Communications  to  me  from  several  commandants  on 
the  Frontiers  of  Louisiana  State,  that  late  attempts  have 
been  made  by  some  Subjects  of  his  Catholic  Majesty  re- 
siding in  the  Province  of  Taxus,  to  alieate  the  affections 
of  certain  Indian  Tribes  from  my  Country,  and  to  excite 
them  to  the  commission  of  outrages. —  Persuaded  that 
this  conduct  is  not  authorized  by  the  officers  of  Spain, 
and  that  his  Catholic  Majesty  would  hear  with  regret, 
that  any  of  his  subjects  should  be  instrumental  in  involv- 
ing a  neighbouring  &  friendly  power  in  an  Indian  War, 
have  made  you  Sir  this  communication,  &  I  doubt  not  but 
your  Excellency  will  address  a  letter  upon  the  subject  to 
the  Governor  of  Taxus,  and  impress  upon  that  officer  the 
propriety  of  restraining  the  people  within  his  Govern- 


384  MISSISSIPPI    TEPvRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

ment,  from  all  acts  of  aggression  or  injury  towards  the 
citizens  of  the  United  States ! —  I  take  this  occasion  to  to 
renew  to  your  Excellency  assurances  of  my  great  Respect 
&  Sincere  Esteem — 

(Signed)        William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 

The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo. — 


To  Col.  Butler 
Copy 

New  Orleans  Novr.  1st  180^. 
Sir, 

Late  accounts  from  Nachitoches  represents  that  set- 
tlement as  being  in  a  state  of  Inquietude  and  alarm.  This 
has  arisen  from  some  unpleasant  movements  among  the 
Slaves ;  the  desertion  of  nine  negro  men  to  Nacagdoches ; 
&  the  arrest  of  many  others  Avho  had  formed  a  design  to 
repair  to  that  Post,  in  hopes  of  receiving  protection,  and 
a  Report  which  I  fear  is  not  without  foundation,  that  at- 
tempts have  recently  been  made  by  subjects  of  his  Catho- 
lic Majesty  to  excite  certain  Indian  Tribes  West  of  the 
Mississippi  to  wage  war  against  the  United  States.  —  In 
this  state  of  things,  I  have  deemed  it  my  duty  to  suggest 
to  you  the  propriety  of  sending  a  small  reinforcement  to 
Nachitoches ;  It  is  at  present  a  Barrier  Post ;  on  our  most 
exposed  Frontier,  and  liable  to  sudden  attack  by  Indians. 
—  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  a  detachment  from  the 
Troops  now  at  Attackapas  and  Appalonsas  as  might  with 
propriety  be  ordered  to  Nachitoches ;  A  Subaltern  officer 
and  12  or  15  men  stationed  at  Attackapas  would  be  suf- 
ficient to  aid  the  civil  authority  in  the  preservation  of 
good  order. — 

I  am  Sir, 

With  respect  &  Esteem 
yo.  obt.  sevt 
Colonel  Butler  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    "W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  385 

From  Edw.  D.  Turner 

Natchitoches  October  13th  1804 
Sir 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  20th  Ultimo  in  Six 
days  from  its  date,  and  had  already  anticipated  part  of 
the  Contents,  by  doing  every  thing  in  my  power  to  culti- 
vate a  good  understanding  mth  the  Indians,  but  I  have  to 
request  your  immediate  attention  to  a  paragraph  of  my 
Letter  of  the  July  16th  resiDCcting  the  Cados —  I  learn 
that  the  chief  intends  shortly  to  be  here,  and  I  had  prom- 
ised by  the  time  he  arrived  to  inform  him  what  he  might 
expect  upon  the  Score  of  Presents.  At  this  critical  junc- 
tion when  I  am  convinced  the  Spaniards  are  exerting 
every  means  to  Induce  the  Indians  to  be  unfriendly  it 
would  not  be  good  policy  to  let  him  return  dissatisfied — 
Since  I  last  wrote  you,  a  man  by  the  name  of  James  Feel 
li"\dng  near  the  head  of  the  Sabine  and  within  our  present 
Territory,  had  been  told  by  the  Consat^  tribe  of  Indians, 
that  he  had  better  drive  off  his  Stock  and  move  himself, 
for  the  Spaniards  had  been  for  sometime  trying  to  induce 
the  Indians  to  Commit  depredations  upon  the  American 
frontier,  and  that  they  intended  shortly  to  begin. 
With  respect  Sir  I  am 

your  humble  Serv. — 

Edw.  D.  Turner 
Ci^^l  &  Military  Commandant 
Governor  Claiborne—- 


From  Ediv.  D.  Turner 

Natchitoches  Oct.  17th.  1804 
Sir 

Just  as  I  closed  my  Letter  of  yesterday  I  understood 
two  white  Men  had  been  apprehended  as  having  been 
concerned  in  the  affair  ^^ith  the  Negroes.  I  therefore  de- 
tained the  Express  till  I  could  obtain  more  information. 
They  arrived  here  last  Night  vdth  eight  Negroes  accom- 

II — 25 


386  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

plices ;  their  accesser  is  white  man,  a  Spaniard,  or  rather 
what  is  called  a  Washananga.  He  says  they  both  at  dif- 
ferent times  told  him  that  they  were  going  with  the  Ne- 
groes to  Nacodogches,  and  asked  him  to  go  along  but  he 
refused  and  they  threatened  him  if  he  ever  said  any  thing 
about  it.  One  Monterey  A  Spaniard  now  at  Nacogdoches, 
appears  to  have  been  the  prime  instigator  and  one  of  the 
two  whites  who  are  apprehended  is  a  Spaniard.  The 
Party  who  went  in  persuit  of  the  Negroes  gone  followed 
them  as  far  as  Sabine  where  they  ascertained  they  had 
crossed  the  day  before  and  as  they  found  it  imi^ossible  to 
come  up  with  them  before  they  arrived  at  Nacogdoches : 
they  gave  over  the  pursuit.  The  Negroes  took  ^vith.  them 
twenty  Horses  and  at  the  rate  they  went  frequently 
changed  it  is  supposed. —  B}^  the  first  opportunity  I  shall 
send  you  the  depositions  of  the  ^A^iite  Man  and  confes- 
sion of  the  Negroes —  In  haste  I  have  the  honor  to  be 
your  Humble  Sevt.  Edw.  D.  Turner. 

Governor  Claiborne 

P.  S.  This  circumstance  has  so  enraged  the  Inhabitants 
against  the  Spaniards,  that  I  believe  they  would  almost 
to  a  man  willingly  go  to  Nacogdoches  and  lay  it  in  waste. 
In  fact  they  have  requested  me  in  case  the  Negroes  are 
not  sent  back  to  permit  them  to  go,  observing  that  is  some 
tiling  is  not  immediately  done,  they  ^\ill  not  have  a  Slave 
left  in  three  months.  I  have  tried  to  quiet  them  by  say- 
ing they  may  depend  on  protection  &  Justice — 

E.  D.  Turner 


From  Edw.  D.  Turner 

Natchitoches  October  16th  1804 
Sir, 

I  hasten  to  inform  you  that  the  tranquility  of  this 
District  has  received  a  ^aolent  shock. — and  the  Inhabi- 
tants are  noAv  in  the  greatest  state  of  alarm — Almost  at 
the  lower  end  of  the  District  on  the  Maria  Cave  on  the 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        387 

16th  at  Dusk  it  Avas  discovered  that  the  Negroes  of  one  or 
two  plantations  had  formed  a  scheme  to  desert  to  Nacog- 
doches, and  before  a  sufficient  number  of  the  Citizens 
could  be  warned,  nine  had  got  off,  after  breaking  open  a 
House  and  stealing  a  quantity  of  powder  and  Lead  Arms 
&  they  took  with  them  a  number  of  slaves  one  who  was 
preparing  to  join  their  gang,  was  discovered  and  shot 
at  by  the  Patrol  and  though  not  wounded,  was  so  be- 
wildered in  consequence,  that  he  lost  his  way  and  the 
next  day  gave  himself  up  he  has  turned  informer  and 
has  already  implicated  thirty.    I  have  not  yet  seen  this 
fellow^  but  one  sent  up  to  me  declares  they  have  been 
persuaded  by  a   Spaniard  living  at  Nacogdoches,   and 
lately  from  there,  who  told  them  if  they  went  to  the 
Spanish  Country  they  would  be  made  free. — Every  mo- 
ment new  intelligence  is  arriving  of  the  extent  and  com- 
plexion of  the  plot,  as  I  have  concluded  this  sentence,  a 
man  arrives  who  tells  me  that  three  of  the  Citizens  of  a 
party  of  twenty,  who  pursued  the  runaways  have  re- 
turned in  consequence  of  having  discovered  that  three 
of  the  Negroes  had  turned  back,  they  traced  the  whole 
party  into  the  great  Nacogdoches  road  and  it  appeared 
they  did  not  mean  to  take  the  AVoods,  but  were  making 
the  best  of  their  way  for  that  place.     The  Negroes  who 
returned  it  was  supposed  came  back  to   ascertain  the 
reason  others  had  not  joined  them.     An  Indian  Boy  has 
informed  that  they  were   about  last  night   among  the 
Negroes  exciting  them  to  be  firm  and  determined,  par- 
ticularly as  the  plot  was  discussed  every  Negro  is  fur- 
nished with  a  A'\niistle,  and  the  patrols  heard  them  make 
use  of  them  last  night,  they  were  not  fortunate  enough 
to  catch  one  of  them,  I  have  sent  a  strong  party  tonight 
in  the  Neighbourhood,  as  it  is  expected  they  mean  to 
make  some  desperate  effort. 

I  have  Avritten  to  the  Commandant  of  Nacogdoches 
upon  this  affair  of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  Copy,  the  per- 


388  MISSISSIPPI    TEEKITOEIAL     AKCHIVES. 

son  bearing  the  Letter  is  not  to  deliver  it  unless  lie  can 

ascertain  if  the  Negroes  have  been  there — should  it  be 

prevented,  and  the  answer  unfavorable,  I  shall  give  you 

intimation  by  Express. 

I  have  engaged  a  Man  who  I  believe  can  be  trusted, 

to  go  among  the  Indians,  he  departs  tomorrow,  and  will 

return  in  Ten  days  if  he  gains  anything  of  importance, 

With  respect  I  have  the  Honor  to  be 

your  Honble  Serv. 

^  ri-,   -I  Edw.  D.  Turner, 

(iovernor  Claiborne 


To  Capt.  Be  Argarts 

(Copy)  Natchitoches  Oct.  15.  1804— 

Sir, 

Four  Slaves  the  property  of  Ambrose  Lerampt  and 
Alexis  Cloutier  (Citizens  of  the  United  States  and  In- 
habitants of  this  District,)  the  last  night  Deserted  from 
their  Masters,  they  were  overheard  setting  the  place  of 
their  elopement,  and  their  object  was  Nacogdoches,  where 
could  they  reach  they  had  an  Idea  of  receiving  pro- 
tection. I  have  Sir  to  require  of  you  upon  the  princi- 
pals of  good  neighbourhood  on  the  justice  due  from  one 
Nation  to  another,  and  as  you  value  the  good  under- 
standing so  long  cherished  between  Spain  and  the  United 
States,  to  restore  the  runaways  to  their  owners,  should 
they  be  within  the  limits  of  your  Command — Not  doubt- 
ing your  ready  compliance  I  am  with  consideration  and 
respect  Your  Very  Humble  Sevt. 

E.  D.  Turner. 
Capt.QiiakinDe  )  Com.  Civil  &  Military. 

Agarts,  Command  ) 

Civil  &  Military  of  the  )  - 

Province  of  Texas —      ) 

P  S — Since  writing  the  above  it  is  certainly  ascer- 
tained that  five  other  Negroes  have  gone      Yours 

E.  D.  Turner. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  389 

To  Capt.  Turner 
(Copy) 

New  Orleans  Nov  3.  1804 
Sir, 

Your  several  Letters  of  the  16  &  17  int.  have  been  re- 
ceived &  shall  be  forwarded  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States. — 

The  aspect  of  affairs  in  your  District  is  not  such  as  I 
could  wish,  But  it  is  in  times  of  some  difficulty,  that  the 
prudence  &  judgment  of  an  officer  are  put  to  the  Test,  I 
am  certain  you  will  prove  yourself  worthy  of  the  trust 
committed  you. — 

It  is  expected  that  you  will  establish  &  enforce  a 
strict  police  among  the  slaves :  The  patroles  at  night 
will  be  continued  and  I  am  persuaded  you  will  give  such 
protection  to  the  Inhabitants  of  your  District  as  your 
means  will  permit. — 

The  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  censures  the  conduct  of 
the  Commandant  at  Nacogdoches  &  will  probably  again 
write  to  that  officer — 

I  hope  that  the  negro 's  that  have  deserted  to  Nacog- 
doches instead  of  being  protected,  will  be  arrested,  and 
And  returned  to  their  masters; — If  this  conduct  should 
be  observed  by  the  Spanish  Authority  the  Negro  prop- 
erty in  your  District  will  be  secure,  and  no  further  Sym- 
toms  of  insubordination  among  that  class  of  people,  (mil 
probably  be  manifested,  But  if  contrary  to  this  just  ex- 
pectation, an  Assylum  should  be  afforded  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Taxes  to  Slaves  escaping  from  the  Service  of 
their  masters,  I  must  request  you  in  that  case,  to  ascer- 
tain the  number  &  estimated  value  of  the  negro's  es- 
caped. The  period  of  their  departure  and  the  name  or 
names  of  their  Owners,  and  to  inform  me  thereof  as  soon 
as  may  be  convenient. — If  the  public  mind  in  your  Dis- 
trict should  not  (previous  to  the  receipt  of  this  Letter) 
be  quieted  by  the  return  of  the  negro's,  I  beg  you  to 
assure  the  Citizens  that  the  affair  is  now  A\^th  their 


390  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Government:  That  their  interest  will  be  attended  to, 
and  in  due  time  full  redress  obtained; — But  acts  of  ag- 
gression on  their  part  against  The  Subjects  of  Spain, 
are  forbidden,  and  you  are  enjoined  to  prevent  any  at- 
tempts of  the  kind. — 

With  respect  to  the  Indian  Tribes,  you  will  continue 
(I  hope)  to  do  every  thing  in  your  power  to  engage  their 
good  will  &  friendship  towards  the  United  States :  You 
may  furnish  rations  to  such  honesty  well  disposed  In- 
dians as  may  visit  the  Post:  but  presents  to  them  gen- 
erally I  am  not  authorized  to  make ;  I  however  will  take 
upon  myself  the  responsibility  &  permit  you  to  make 
Presents  to  the  chiefs  of  the  Cadoos  &  his  principal 
men  not  exceeding  in  value  Two  hundred  Dollars. — 

I  shall  intimate  to   Capn.   Butler  the  propriety  of 
sending  a  reinforcement  to  Nachitoches,  and  it  is  not  im- 
probable but  such  arrangement  may  be  made  as  will 
shortly  renew  your  force  more  Respectable. — 
I  am  Sir  Respectfully 
Yr.  Hhble  Servt. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Turner     ) 
Nachitoches.- —  ) 


To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  Nov.  5th.  1804 
Sir, 

Since  my  last  letter  Mr.  Canterelle  and  Mr.  Clarke 
have  also  declined  accepting  their  commissions  as  Mem- 
bers of  the  Legislative  Council. —  There  is  no  doubt  that 
some  of  the  promoters  of  the  Memorial  have  taken  these 
means  to  embarrass  the  local  Government,  and  to  force 
Congress  to  accede  to  their  wishes; —  but  such  Impru- 
dencies  seem  to  me  illy  calculated  to  benefit  their  cause. 
—  I  have  the  pleasure  however,  to  inform  you,  that  Mr. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF     W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        391 

Julian  Poidress  of  Point  coupee,  the  wealthiest  and  most 
influential  man  in  the  Territory  accepts  his  Appoint- 
ment.— 

Mr.  Poidrass  in  his  Letter  to  me  upon  the  subject, 
says, ' '  My  answer  to  your  Letter  of  the  5th  October,  shall 
''be  sincere.  The  Precedent  of  the  United  States,  having 
"appointed  me  a  Counsellor  I  conceive  it  a  duty  to  ac- 
"cept. —  If  those,  who  have  great  Interest  in  the  Country, 
''should  decline  serving  it,  when  caled  upon,  their  con- 
"duct  would  be  unwarrantable. —  I  could  offer  many 
' '  plausible  Excuses,  such  as  Age,  Insufficiency  of  Talents, 
"self  Interest  &c,  but  in  doing  so,  I  should  not  act  the 
"part  of  a  Patriot. —  A  beginning  must  be  made;  we 
"must  be  initiated  in  the  sacred  Duties  of  Freeman  and 
"the  Practices  of  Liberty. —  I  shall  endeavour  to  meet 
"you  in  Council  on  the  12th  of  November." 

The  acceptance  of  Mr.  Poidrass  is  a  fortunate  occur- 
rence and  his  Conduct  and  reasoning  form  a  happy  con- 
trast to  the  part  acted  by  Mr.  Jones,  Clarke  &  others. — 
There  are  three  Gentlemen  named  from  whom  I  have 
not  yet  received  answers :  Their  acceptancies  will  enable 
me  to  form  a  Council,  but  I  very  much  fear  one  or  per- 
haps two  may  decline,  and  in  either  Event,  a  Legislature 
cannot  be  organis'd,  until  the  President  shall  have  for- 
warded the  names  of  other  Gentlemen. — 

If  a  Council  is  not  formed  on  the  12th  inst. —  I  fear 
the  People  will  experience  much  inconvenience,  and  of 
which  when  fully  apprised,  they  will  confide  less  in  the 
Discretion,  Patriotism  and  Wisdom  of  their  present  in- 
fluential Characters. — 

I  had  no  Idea  that  anj'^  Citizen  here  named  a  Council- 
lor would  decline,  from- party  motives,  untill  after  I  had 
received  the  nominations  of  the  President,  and  I  early 
communicated  to  you,  my  fears,  that  the  Sentiments  con- 
veyed by  Mr.  Jones  in  his  letter  to  me  would  be  embraced 


392  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

by  others,  and  that  it  was  doubtful,  whether  a  Council 
would  be  formed. —  In  consequence  of  this  information,  I 
indulge  a  hope  that  I  shall  soon  receive  from  the  Presi- 
dent the  names  of  several  Gentlemen  as  successors  to 
those  who  may  have  declined. — 

The  Supreme  Court  Avas  organized  on  this  morning. 
Judge  Prevost,  (the  only  Judge  in  the  City)  delivered  a 
sensible  Charge  to  the  Jury,  and  every  thing  was  well 
conducted. 

I  am  Respectfully 

Your  Obt.  Servt. 
The  Honorable  )  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

James  Madison         )  Gov.  Claiborne 

Secretary  of  State  )  5  Novr  1804 


To  James  Madison 

(DUPLICATED) 

New  Orleans  November  18th  1804 
Sir, 

I  have  the  Honour  to  enclose  you  several  Documents 
relative  to  the  Barque  Hero  from  No.  1  to  No.  6  inclusive, 
as  also  a  copy  of  two  Letters  to  Captain  Nicolls  &  marked 
No.  7  &  8.— 

Some  of  the  prisoners  who  have  made  their  escape 
from  the  Hero  and  came  up  to  this  City,  have  already 
proved  themselves  unworthy  Members  of  Society,  and  I 
am  therefore  the  more  desirous  to  prevent  the  men  now 
on  Board  of  that  vessel  from  Landing.  I  must  confess 
Sir,  I  did  not  know  what  were  the  most  prudent  measures 
to  direct  in  relation  to  the  Hero  and  her  passengers  and 
crew :  But,  under  existing  circumstances,  I  thought  it  best 
that  the  Vessel  and  those  on  Board,  should  depart.  1 
suggested  some  Port  in  the  United  States,  as  proper  for 
their  destination  under  an  impression  that  it  would  serve 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF     W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  393 

as  an  indueeiiient  to  their  depavturo,  and  that  no  where 
in  the  United  States  would  the  residence  of  those  strang- 
ers be  as  dangerous  as  in  New  Orleans. 

The  arrest  of  a  Spanish  Officer  in  this  City,  by  a  writ 
issuing  from  the  office  of  the  Superior  Court,  has  occa- 
sioned much  agitation  here,  and  greatly  excited  the  dis- 
pleasure of  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo,  and  of  Governor 
Folch ;  I  will  give  you  the  particulars  in  my  next  Letter, 
and  in  the  mean  time  I  pray  you  to  be  assured,  that  the 
Conduct  of  the  constituted  Authorities  has  been  correct. 
I  have  not  yet  been  enabled  to  form  a  Council ;  only  five 
of  the  Gentlemen  nominated  by  the  President  have  ac- 
cepted, to  wit,  Messrs.  Poidrass,  Watkins,  Morgan,  Wi- 
koff  and  Kenner.  The  first  four  are  now  in  the  City,  and 
the  fifth  is  every  day  expected. 

I  hope  in  God,  the  next  Mail  will  furnish  me  with  the 
names  of  some  Gentlemen  as  successors  to  those  Avho  may 
decline.  A  Council  is  greatly  wanted  and  the  Interest  of 
the  Territory  suffers  much  by  the  delay  of  legislative 
interference. 

Party  Spirit  here  is  certainly  subsiding,  and  I  am  per- 
suaded that  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Country  are  becoming 
much  better  disposed  to  the  United  States;  But  in  this 
City  there  are  many  disorderly  and  dangerous  characters. 
Neither  the  Secretary  (W.  BrowTi)  or  Colo.  Kirby,  has 
yet  arrived,  the  latter  Gentleman  is  reported  to  be  dan- 
gerously ill  at  Fort  Stoddart. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 

Your  most  obt.  Servt. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P.  S.  The  original  Letter  (with  the  Documents)  is 

forwarded  by  w^ater  to  Philadelphia. 

W.  C.  C.  C. 
The  Honble. 

James  Madison 


394  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Madison 

New  Orleans  November  8tli  1804 
Sir,  _^ 

I  enclose  you  a  Petition  from  the  Inhabitants  of  Point 
Coupee,  which  was  this  day  presented  to  me  by  two  Gen- 
tlemen who  mentioned  that  the  News  from  Nacogdoches, 
was  in  circulation  among  the  Negroes  in  that  Settlement, 
and  had  produced  in  their  opinion  that  Spirit  of  insub- 
ordination which  existed. 

In  consequence  of  the  Petition,  I  have  requested  Colo. 
Butler  by  Letter  (No.  1)  to  detach  a  Subaltern's  com- 
mand to  Point  Coupee,  and  have  also  made  communica- 
tions to  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo  and  to  the  several 
District  Conunandants  of  which  Nos.  2.  3  &  4  are  copies. 

Our  Troops  here  are  too  few  in  number  to  admit  of 
detachments  to  the  various  Posts  where  they  Avould  be 
Serviceable,  and  I  most  earnestly  advise  that  the  regu- 
lar Force  in  Louisiana  be  augmented  mth  all  possible 
dispatch. 

A  Revenue  Cutter  and  a  Gun  Boat  would  also  be 
highly  useful  in  this  quarter  and  tend  greatly  to  the 
Security  of  the  Revenue. 

I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully 

Your  most  obt.  Sevt. 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
James  Madison 
Secty  State 

P.  S.  I  am  well  aware  that  the  Marquis  has  no  con- 
troul  over  the  officers  in  the  Province  of  Taxus,  but  my 
Letters  to  him  mil  command  answers,  and  it  is  probable, 
that  in  them  may  be  discovered  the  real  views  of  the 
Spanish  Court. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


>l 


